# Orthopedics

> A chronological documentary of 947 moments spanning 3300 BC–2026.
> Source: https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics · Loreline (loreline.live)

The oldest surgery there is, and the one that leaves the most evidence, because bone survives. A trepanned skull from about 3300 BC, splints from Egyptian tombs, a Greek bench with winches for pulling a dislocated shoulder back into place, and a Sanskrit treatise on fracture management that predates or matches Hippocrates. The word itself was coined in 1741 by a physician who was writing child-rearing advice for parents and feuding with the surgeons, and his famous crooked tree tied to a stake was a metaphor about raising children straight, not a picture of a brace. Then anaesthesia, antisepsis that took twenty years to win and was superseded anyway, and an x-ray whose use on broken bones appeared in the very first newspaper story about it. Wars filled the wards and the workshops, though the science that made the difference was mostly civilian and the first modern trauma service was built for a Manchester canal. Joints were replaced in plastic that failed, then in metal that failed again fifty years later in the same way, and the thing that caught it the second time was a registry. This archive covers what was done and when, and leaves the how to the textbooks.

_Curated by Olivier · last updated 2026-09-20._

## Eras

- **Bones**, Bone itself, and the study of it. Pathological specimens, museum jars, dissection and the anatomy theatres, Vesalius in 1543 and the centuries of engravings made after him, the Persian and Arabic anatomical manuscripts, and a trepanned skull from about 3300 BC that shows the patient survived. This is where the field keeps its evidence, and much of it is older than the specialty that claims it.
- **Books**, The paper trail, which on this subject is unusually rich. The Edwin Smith papyrus from about 1600 BC, the earliest surviving surgical document. Vesalius in 1543 and the engravings copied from him for centuries. The Sushruta Samhita. Al-Zahrawi. The great illustrated atlases of the nineteenth century, the journals, the case books, and the trade catalogues. These are instructional documents by intent, and they are held here as historical objects: what they are and why they mattered, never what they instruct.
- **Splints**, Holding bone still, which is most of what this specialty actually does. Splints and bandaging, the plaster of Paris bandage and the argument about who introduced it, corsets and spinal jackets, the Thomas splint, the Milwaukee brace, calipers, and the traditional bonesetters who worked alongside and often ahead of the profession. On the Thomas splint, note what this archive does not say: the famous wartime mortality figure is not established, the sources disagree, and Thomas himself died in 1891, more than twenty years before the war it is credited with changing.
- **Prosthetics**, Replacing what was lost. A wooden toe from an Egyptian burial, the iron hand of Gotz von Berlichingen, the limb workshops that grew after every war, Roehampton, the American limb trade and its patents, and the modern line from Stoke Mandeville and Ludwig Guttmann through osseointegration and running blades. The people wearing the limbs are here as much as the limbs themselves.
- **Instruments**, The tools, and the oldest continuous thread in the whole subject. Amputation saws with griffin-head handles, bone chisels and osteotomes, trephines, Liston knives, traction apparatus, the Hippocratic bench with its winches, the instrument illustrations in al-Zahrawi, and the fitted cases that surgeons carried. Also the trade catalogues of the instrument makers, which are a large and badly under-used documentary record of what was actually available to buy and when.
- **Wards**, The buildings and the systems. Fracture wards, the open-air sanatoria for tuberculosis of the spine, the polio wards and their respirators, rehabilitation centres, and the specialist hospitals built for children with rickets and deformity. Also the accident service Robert Jones built for the Manchester Ship Canal between 1888 and 1893, which is a civilian industrial origin for the modern trauma system and a useful corrective to the idea that war invented everything here.
- **War Surgery**, What happened when the wounded arrived in numbers. Larrey and the flying ambulances, the American Civil War, the evacuation chains of both world wars, limb salvage against amputation, and veteran rehabilitation afterwards. Handled as documented history and not as spectacle. Much of the surviving material shows identifiable patients who could not consent to being photographed, so it is included where it carries the history and the instrument or the ward is preferred to the wound.
- **People**, The surgeons, the makers and the patients. Pare, who revived the arterial ligature that Galen had used and medieval Europe had forgotten, and who wrote up the boiling oil himself. Andry, who named the field while writing advice for parents. Thomas and his nephew Jones. Ilizarov in Kurgan, invisible to the West for twenty years. And the people the histories usually leave out: the bonesetters, the limb fitters, the nurses, and the patients whose photographs are the actual record.
- **Implants**, Things left inside the body. Plates, screws, nails and rods, and above all the artificial joint: the ivory and acrylic experiments, Charnley, and the plastic cup that wore out catastrophically before he found one that did not. The most useful thing in this segment is a repetition. Charnley's Teflon failure and the 2010 recall of a metal-on-metal hip are the same failure fifty years apart, debris from a bearing surface provoking destructive reaction in the tissue around it, and metal-on-metal had already failed once before that. What caught it the second time was neither the manufacturers nor the trials but the national joint registries, in England and Australia, independently.
- **X-rays**, Seeing inside, which changed this field faster than anything before it. Rontgen published in December 1895 and the surgical use on broken bones was in the first newspaper story about the discovery, on 5 January 1896, with clinical fracture plates within weeks. Compare antisepsis, a cheap idea that took twenty years to be accepted and was then superseded by asepsis. Also the early tubes and fluoroscopes, the shoe-fitting machines, the memorial in Hamburg to the radiologists who died of their own equipment, and the later imaging that followed.

## Timeline

### 3300 BC
- **3300 BC**, Trepanned skull, found at Börnecke Schützenholz, c. 3300 BC, human skull - Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum. Exhibit in the Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum, Braunschweig, Germany. Trepanation, the cutting of an opening in the skull, is among the oldest operations for which there is physical evidence, and trepanned skulls with healed margins survive in museum collections worldwide, showing that people lived afterwards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/fffd2cd5-5a3d-41d7-acd6-aa8238d580aa) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trepanned_skull,_found_at_B%C3%B6rnecke_Sch%C3%BCtzenholz,_c._3300_BC,_human_skull_-_Braunschweigisches_Landesmuseum_-_DSC04591.JPG
### c. 1600 BC
- **c. 1600 BC**, Eygptian Medicine; Papyrus. Edwin Smith Papyrus Recto Column 2 (Cases 3-6). The Edwin Smith Papyrus, copied circa 1600 BCE and thought to derive from an older text, sets out 48 cases of wounds and fractures ordered from the skull downward. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/11f21334-cb20-4aa0-aa27-ea016b2df840) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eygptian_Medicine;_Papyrus_Wellcome_M0006276.jpg
- **c. 1600 BC**, EdSmPaPlateVIandVIIPrintsx. Edwin Smith Papyrus, Recto Column 7 (left) and Column 6 (right), containing Cases 12-20. The Edwin Smith Papyrus, copied circa 1600 BCE and thought to derive from an older text, sets out 48 cases of wounds and fractures ordered from the skull downward. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/350a0ebf-d6bc-4f4c-b337-180b4f1c1bbf) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EdSmPaPlateVIandVIIPrintsx.jpg
- **c. 1600 BC**, Images from Edwin Smith Papyrus. Edwin Smith Papyrus Recto Column 14 (Cases 41-43) Original papyrus on left, Hieroglyphic transliterations on right. The Edwin Smith Papyrus, copied circa 1600 BCE and thought to derive from an older text, sets out 48 cases of wounds and fractures ordered from the skull downward. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b2bb23ec-4407-4646-8f5d-95fd4203f145) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Images_from_Edwin_Smith_Papyrus_Wellcome_L0003141.jpg
- **c. 1600 BC**, Edwin Smith Papyrus v2. The Edwin Smith papyrus, the world's oldest surviving surgical document. The Edwin Smith Papyrus, copied circa 1600 BCE and thought to derive from an older text, sets out 48 cases of wounds and fractures ordered from the skull downward. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c5151428-5165-40bd-942f-0cff930774c2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edwin_Smith_Papyrus_v2.jpg
- **c. 1600 BC**, Page from Edwin Smith surgical papyrus... 2 (Cases 3-6). The Edwin Smith Papyrus, copied circa 1600 BCE and thought to derive from an older text, sets out 48 cases of wounds and fractures ordered from the skull downward. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ecafecf8-0397-4911-a652-ff9918d334df) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Page_from_Edwin_Smith_surgical_papyrus.._Wellcome_L0051971.jpg
### 100 BC
- **100 BC**, Reduction of a dislocated mandible by a Greek surgeon.. 's 1544 commentary on the Hippocratic surgical texts. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4c7e0beb-24bd-4794-a115-e0665b511a11) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reduction_of_a_dislocated_mandible_by_a_Greek_surgeon._Wellcome_M0013486.jpg
### 1200
- **1200**, The Susruta-Samhita or Sahottara-Tantra (A Treatise on Ayurvedic Medicine) LACMA M.87.271a-g (1 of 8). Nepal, Text- 12th-13th century; Images- 18th-19th century Books Ink and opaque watercolor on palm leaf Gift of Emeritus Professor and Mrs. Thomas O. Ballinger (M.87.271a-g) South and Southeast Asian Art. The Sushruta Samhita, circa 600 BCE, describes the management of fractures and dislocations, including a classification of fracture types. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4eeeec5b-eaf3-4764-84fc-1538a3c18de6) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Susruta-Samhita_or_Sahottara-Tantra_(A_Treatise_on_Ayurvedic_Medicine)_LACMA_M.87.271a-g_(1_of_8).jpg
- **1200**, Treatise on Surgery of al-Zahrawi (CBL Ar 3172, ff. 49b-50a). Treatise on Surgery (Al-tasrif li-man' ajiza'an al-tal'if) of al-Zahrawi. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, latinised Albucasis, of Cordoba, wrote the thirty-volume Kitab al-Tasrif whose final surgical volume was illustrated with drawings of instruments. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6d7b52c7-e048-4159-96bc-e183230e935b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Treatise_on_Surgery_of_al-Zahrawi_(CBL_Ar_3172,_ff._49b-50a).jpg
### 1500
- **1500**, Left Hand Prosthetic at the Art Institute of Chicago. Late 16th century left hand prosthetic (iron hand) from the George F. Harding Collection at the Art Institute of Chicago. Gotz von Berlichingen was a sixteenth century German knight whose prosthetic iron hands survive. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4d31fad0-9ccc-401a-8ba0-f9bdfa00bd0f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Left_Hand_Prosthetic_at_the_Art_Institute_of_Chicago.jpg
- **1500**, Unidentified object. A lead alloy unidentified object; possibly a Post Medieval decorative element from a house wall. Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9b972cf1-b132-4676-aeb8-11e87e1f5ca0) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Unidentified_object_(FindID_430992).jpg
- **1500**, Prosthesis, 16th century; A. Pare. Prosthesis, 16th century;. Pare. Ambroise Pare revived the ligature of arteries in amputation in place of hot cautery. He did not invent it: Galen used it and al-Zahrawi described it, and it was largely lost in medieval Europe. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/861fe71e-b3d0-4f09-9cb7-b36f09e73201) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/q4rwrxek
### 1501
- **1501**, Amputation knife, Europe, 1501-1600. The curved sickle shape of this amputation knife is known as falciform. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3d97a62d-e1fc-4efd-b95e-dc274cc37708) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amputation_knife,_Europe,_1501-1600_Wellcome_L0058757.jpg
- **1501**, Traction apparatus, Italy, 1501-1550. Traction was a common form of treatment for bone fractures. Traction apparatus is among the oldest continuous ideas in the field, described in the Hippocratic texts and still recognisable in nineteenth century extension beds. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a3cc719e-fa75-407a-ac4e-e579306fb846) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traction_apparatus,_Italy,_1501-1550_Wellcome_L0057512.jpg
- **1501**, Amputation saw, Europe, 1501-1600. The ornate appearance of this amputation saw was not unusual for this period. Amputation saws are the emblematic instrument of pre-anaesthetic surgery. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/df099437-9169-4f98-9708-5daf6277131a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amputation_saw,_Europe,_1501-1600_Wellcome_L0057708.jpg
### 1510
- **1510**, Berlichingen Eiserne Hand 2. Iron Hand (Prosthesis) of Götz von Berlichingen, originally from c. 1510, 19th century steel engraving. Gotz von Berlichingen was a sixteenth century German knight whose prosthetic iron hands survive. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ef85c0ea-ef5d-4d99-8c40-37ece7ea9519) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Berlichingen_Eiserne_Hand_2.jpg
### 1541
- **1541**, Chirurgia e Graeco in Latinum conversa, traduction en latin par Vidus Vidius - btv1b90670219 (236 of 356). Sujet : Galien, Claude (0131?-0201?) Hippocrate (0460-0377 av. The Hippocratic bench, or scamnum, was a wooden traction apparatus with windlasses. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ddd7096b-3300-4949-9250-95026be83ad5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chirurgia_e_Graeco_in_Latinum_conversa,_traduction_en_latin_par_Vidus_Vidius_-_btv1b90670219_(236_of_356).jpg
### 1543
- **1543**, A human skeleton, seen from the back, bent forward with his hands clasped to his skull, after Vesalius. Engraving by Benard, late 18th century, after a woodcut, 1543.. 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ebe5ee2a-3243-4f27-b70c-dc42451c0835) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/xcvar642
- **1543**, A human skeleton, seen from the back, bent forward with his hands clasped to his skull, after Vesalius. Engraving by Benard, 1779, after a woodcut, 1543.. 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f80bd082-79bd-4776-8f04-7376442f2da4) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/g8vv6r86
- **1543**, A skeleton leaning on a spade. Line engraving by J. Tinney, 1743, after A. Vesalius, 1543.. A skeleton leaning on a spade. Line engraving by J. Tinney, 1743, after. Vesalius, 1543. Andreas Vesalius published De humani corporis fabrica in 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2f13f8cc-29de-4e88-b23c-26ed69cd229f) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/vps64e7e
- **1543**, A human skeleton, seen from the front, resting the bones of his left forearm on a spade handle, after Vesalius. Engraving by Benard, 1779, after a woodcut, 1543.. 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/85b25270-721e-4f0e-b310-fc6d0eadb76a) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/bgpywcs5
- **1543**, A human skeleton, seen from the front, resting the bones of his left forearm on a spade handle, after Vesalius. Engraving by Benard, late 18th century, after a woodcut, 1543.. 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/118da7ad-c346-4996-ba45-aced00bbf964) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/xwywqtt6
- **1543**, A human skeleton, seen from the front, resting the bones of his right forearm on a spade handle, after Vesalius. Engraving 1778, after an engraving by Prevost, 1762, after a woodcut, 1543.. 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4e6524a1-e401-4d71-80e3-199744ef320f) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/xgbfnt7n
- **1543**, A human skeleton, leaning against a tomb, after Vesalius: lateral view. Engraving by Benard, 1779, after a woodcut, 1543.. 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1907dd94-e108-4f7f-954b-85635d4e9b8f) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/rw2y2mvt
- **1543**, A human skeleton, seen from the front, resting the bones of his left forearm on a spade handle, after Vesalius. Engraving 1769, after Prevost, 1762, after a woodcut, 1543.. 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ac2168f1-e3f4-459a-aeb2-8f910eef3629) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/xtwbruss
- **1543**, Vesalius, De humani corporis fabrica, 1543. Vesalius, Andreas, 1514-1564 Vesalius, De humani corporis fabrica libri septem; Basileae, 1543; EPB/D 6560/D. Page 192: skeleton leaning against a wall. Andreas Vesalius published De humani corporis fabrica in 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cc64da51-0c3f-43a4-82eb-0d8f8e5e7298) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vesalius,_De_humani_corporis_fabrica,_1543_Wellcome_L0031740.jpg
- **1543**, Andreae Vesalii Bruxellensis. Anatomical work by Andreae Vesalii Bruxellensis (Vesalius). Andreas Vesalius published De humani corporis fabrica in 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f599d61a-060d-4881-abc9-70935b3825d8) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andreae_Vesalii_Bruxellensis_Wellcome_L0063879.jpg
### 1546
- **1546**, Artzneybuch. 1546. Surgical Instruments. Artzneybuch kostlich fur mancherley Kranchheit des gantzen Leibs. Fitted instrument cases were sold as sets, and they record what a surgeon of the period was actually equipped to do, as against what the textbooks recommended. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ce259eaf-5999-4997-be2a-18a5ec3392e8) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/d9t2aksg
### 1552
- **1552**, Ambroise Paré using the ligature when amputating on the batt. Nineteenth and early twentieth century operative atlases are heavily digitised and are literally instructional documents. They are admissible here as artefacts of their period. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/27933d16-d5d7-4ece-a0f7-7ec6ea697b1a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ambroise_Par%C3%A9_using_the_ligature_when_amputating_on_the_batt_Wellcome_V0018135.jpg
### 1553
- **1553**, Ambroise Paré using a ligature on an artery of an amputated leg of a soldier, during the Siege of Metz, 1553. Photogravure after T. Chartran, 1889. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c01dba9b-baaf-4c23-8834-c0847993b77e) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/v9nk4w59
### 1555
- **1555**, Anatomisch theater Andreae Vesalii Bruxellensis, invictissimi Caroli V. Imperatoris medici, de Humani corporis fabrica Libri septem (titel op object) Titelpagina voor Andreas Vesalius, De humani corpo. 1555, RP-P-2016-1796. IdentificatieTitel(s): Anatomisch theater. Andreas Vesalius published De humani corporis fabrica in 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6507db63-602d-42c1-8e48-8b8feef4cd6c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anatomisch_theater_Andreae_Vesalii_Bruxellensis,_invictissimi_Caroli_V._Imperatoris_medici,_de_Humani_corporis_fabrica_Libri_septem_(titel_op_object)_Titelpagina_voor_Andreas_Vesalius,_De_humani_corporis_fabrica,_1555,_RP-P-2016-1796.jpg
### 1560
- **1560**, Iron artificial arm, Europe, 1560-1600. The left forearm and hand of this prosthetic arm are fully articulated. Gotz von Berlichingen was a sixteenth century German knight whose prosthetic iron hands survive. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8b52bf51-4c07-4a30-8869-722576cd4244) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iron_artificial_arm,_Europe,_1560-1600_Wellcome_L0057510.jpg
- **1560**, Hunting trousse, England, 1560-1580. The hunting trousse contains all the instruments needed by a hunter to dismember and prepare a deer. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c55ffcaf-a5a3-4a35-ac5b-3c35a8bdb941) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hunting_trousse,_England,_1560-1580_Wellcome_L0057356.jpg
- **1560**, Iron artificial arm, 1560-1600.. From the original description of the Science Museum London: “Artificial iron arm, once thought to have been owned by Götz von Berlichingen (1480-1562), the German knight and adventurer who served with the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V against the Turks. Gotz von Berlichingen was a sixteenth century German knight whose prosthetic iron hands survive. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7e1f642b-b0ef-4f94-ad9c-2baf316daebe) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iron_artificial_arm,_1560-1600._(9663806794).jpg
### 1568
- **1568**, A parchment-maker smoothing an animal hide on a stretcher. Woodcut by J. Amman... "Der Permennter". Evacuation as a system, rather than any single device, is arguably war's greatest contribution to this field, and it begins with Larrey's flying ambulances. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/94cff5a6-48cd-47d8-b4d9-4922ed2c2785) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/t6cqv6xc
### 1570
- **1570**, Articulated manikin, iron, used to teach bone-setting etcete. Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5e294853-68dd-4e59-a98f-aee236bf8979) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Articulated_manikin,_iron,_used_to_teach_bone-setting_etcete_Wellcome_L0057320.jpg
### 1575
- **1575**, A surgeon and two assistants using pulleys and ropes to aid traction for manipulating the body of a male patient. Woodcut, 1575. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7db96fa8-9775-40e1-b378-9fd26a9acbc9) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/k79jvte9
- **1575**, Bow frame amputation saw, Europe, 1575-1585. This amputation saw has an elaborate handle design which ends in a griffins head the griffin being a mythological creature which has the head and wings of an eagle and the body of a lion. Amputation saws are the emblematic instrument of pre-anaesthetic surgery. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/38111fd5-0b73-4ca5-9cf2-e6f72794392f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bow_frame_amputation_saw,_Europe,_1575-1585_Wellcome_L0057587.jpg
### 1585
- **1585**, Illustration of artificial limbs. Photograph of an illustration of an artifical hand and arm. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5298f6cc-b70d-41ad-bed5-4cdaf9b99c67) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dtjt6psx
### 1590
- **1590**, Portrait of Ambroise Pare (1510 - 1590), French surgeon [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/368cbebc-c644-4e29-b1ac-498a97120185) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Ambroise_Pare_(1510_-_1590),_French_surgeon_Wellcome_M0007621.jpg
- **1590**, Portrait of Ambroise Pare (1510 - 1590), French surgeon Wellcome V0004474EL. Portrait of Ambroise Pare \[1510 - 1590\], French surgeon Forestier. Ambroise Pare revived the ligature of arteries in amputation in place of hot cautery. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c2630ea0-66c5-4802-97d8-3b82e0acec68) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Ambroise_Pare_(1510_-_1590),_French_surgeon_Wellcome_V0004474EL.jpg
### 1597
- **1597**, Illustration of surgical instruments, 1597. Woodcut illustration from Tagliacozzi, Gaspare: De curtorum chirurgia per insitionem, libri duo, Venetiis : Apud Gasparem Bindonum juniorem, 1597. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/26edb7ec-b2dc-409e-9bef-a367fc8766d6) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/exgqzqen
### 1600
- **1600**, Instruments illustration, 17th century [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9305cc70-dfff-44aa-b7ee-6545cec26525) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Instruments_illustration,_17th_century_Wellcome_L0001416.jpg
- **1600**, Tashrih-e Mansuri (Mansur's Anatomy), Mansur b. Iliyas (d. 1420s), Iran, mid 17th century AD, ink and watercolor on paper - Aga Khan Museum - Toronto, Canada. Exhibit in the Aga Khan Museum - Toronto, Canada. The Tashrih-i Mansuri, the anatomy of Mansur ibn Ilyas, is a Persian illustrated anatomical treatise of the late fourteenth century whose full-page skeletal and vascular figures were copied for centuries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/bcc460a8-37a6-4739-ba35-e9581f616480) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tashrih-e_Mansuri_(Mansur%27s_Anatomy),_Mansur_b._Iliyas_(d._1420s),_Iran,_mid_17th_century_AD,_ink_and_watercolor_on_paper_-_Aga_Khan_Museum_-_Toronto,_Canada_-_DSC06341.jpg
### 1617
- **1617**, Catalogue of the Society of Apothecaries, London : who have been examined, and are by act of Parliament exempted from all Parish, Ward and Leet offices, and from serving on juries : incorporated 1617. .. / Frederick Kanmacher. List of members (mostly in London), dated 28 September 1809. Long wards of children in frames are the characteristic institutional image of orthopedics for the first two thirds of the twentieth century, when the caseload was polio and skeletal tuberculosis. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/811c78d0-054c-4875-bbb8-01998962fda2) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/kx3p9zcn
### 1632
- **1632**, A man in ragged clothes walking with two crutches and a wooden leg. Etching by Jan Georg van der Vliet, c. 1632. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/72651703-a92d-46a8-9010-fb725c4dc967) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/wprm9dtz
- **1632**, Spiegel: \<i\>Tabulae anatomicae LXXXIIX\</i\>, 1632: title page. Spiegel: Tabulae anatomicae LXXXIIX, 1632: title page. Engraving featuring illustration's related to Vesalius' De Fabrica, 1543 published as the title page to Spiegel, Adriaan van: De humani corporis fabrica libri decem, also known as Tabulae anatomicae LXXXIIX, Francofurti : Impensis & Caelo Matthaei Meriani, 1632. Andreas Vesalius published De humani corporis fabrica in 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2a79cd47-4874-4a65-b44e-f5dd2bf5c336) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/snef4m2b
### 1639
- **1639**, Set of trephination Instruments, including the trephine designed by John Woodall. Engraving published in Woodall, John: The surgeons mate or military and domestique surgery, London : Printed by Rob. Trepanation, the cutting of an opening in the skull, is among the oldest operations for which there is physical evidence, and trepanned skulls with healed margins survive in museum collections worldwide, showing that people lived afterwards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/365ed16e-d217-42f5-a851-97f6534add91) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/kw75znq3
- **1639**, Woodall: \<i\>The Surgeon's mate\</i\>, 1639: title page. Woodall: The Surgeon's mate, 1639: title page. Title page to Woodall, John: The surgeons mate or military and domestique surgery, London : Printed by Rob. Nineteenth and early twentieth century operative atlases are heavily digitised and are literally instructional documents. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9bc8511e-58d0-4914-a7dd-bfdd2f9fd3e3) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/evnke98s
### 1640
- **1640**, Portrait of Giovanni Girolamo Bronziero (Bronzerius), 1640. Bronzerius practised medicine in various cities within Venetian territories, ending in Belluno, where he died. Galen, physician to gladiators at Pergamon before moving to Rome, interpreted and transmitted the Hippocratic material. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/68248bc2-6575-44b1-888a-9a30a8b78f7a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Giovanni_Girolamo_Bronziero_(Bronzerius),_1640_Wellcome_L0035999.jpg
### 1644
- **1644**, Chinese C18 woodcut: 'Traction rope and piled bricks'. Early 18th-century Chinese woodcut illustrating the use of the 'traction rope and piled bricks' (pansuo diezhuang) method, from Yizong jinjian: Zhenggu xinfa (The Golden Mirror Of Medicine: Essential Knowledge and Secrets of Bonesetting Manipulations). Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b46e3cdc-b667-408b-87d8-dcd6ff1b81ac) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dq7m4qmc
- **1644**, Chinese C18 woodcut: Tongmu splint. Early 18th-century Chinese woodcut illustrating the tongmu splint, used for fractures, from Yizong jinjian: Zhenggu xinfa (The Golden Mirror Of Medicine: Essential Knowledge and Secrets of Bonesetting Manipulations). Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cf3daa7d-88e9-497b-bf67-b7747795b597) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/vnd4nkpj
### 1645
- **1645**, Edinburgh, Greyfriars churchyard: the tomb of James Borthwick of Stow, carved with a skeleton and surgical instruments. Photograph, 19--. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f3bc880c-e15b-4e14-ae3e-c3f4b3feb0a7) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/e7y97yap
### 1650
- **1650**, Bow-frame amputation saw, Europe, c.1650. Amputation saws are the emblematic instrument of pre-anaesthetic surgery. Before anaesthesia an amputation was measured in seconds, so speed governed technique, and the instrument was built for it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/535d8efa-1012-4008-bf28-f38adb1bc5fa) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bow-frame_amputation_saw,_Europe,_c.1650_Wellcome_L0057504.jpg
- **1650**, ACM-Tashrih-i Mansuri (Mansur's Anatomy)-03636. Tashrih-i Mansuri (Mansur's Anatomy). The Tashrih-i Mansuri, the anatomy of Mansur ibn Ilyas, is a Persian illustrated anatomical treatise of the late fourteenth century whose full-page skeletal and vascular figures were copied for centuries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/218e2b06-4b06-41d3-aa14-b356161a2ca4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ACM-Tashrih-i_Mansuri_(Mansur%27s_Anatomy)-03636.jpg
### 1656
- **1656**, Orthopaedic apparatus for the whole human body: posterior view. Engraving by G. Georgi, 1656. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3a144ef9-aaa8-409c-b49e-09fba8d71195) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ke34jguk
- **1656**, Orthopaedic apparatus for the whole human body: anterior view. Engraving by G. Georgi, 1656. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2c58dec8-b2d0-48b9-b52c-0c2a86e92e14) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/pbqabh5q
- **1656**, Surgical instruments. Engraving by G. Georgi, 1656.. 1641, at the pages indicated on the engraving. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d29a50e4-8a32-4e5f-a28e-4d69deaf3cb8) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/wzu7j9kq
### 1657
- **1657**, Portrait of William Harvey \[1578 - 1657\], surgeon. Priority disputes are the norm in this history rather than the exception, and the name taught as first frequently differs by country. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0b2ac4b4-416d-4b69-8ac2-0956a06d8995) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/h72dm4n9
### 1665
- **1665**, Thomas Brugis: his portrait, with vignettes of the work and equipment of the surgeon and apothecary. Line engraving by T. Cross. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4231e751-3aec-411c-a82a-0ca160ba2abf) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ew3qkhju
### 1672
- **1672**, An anatomy theatre with statues of the anatomists Vesalius and Spigelius; a corpse on a table in the background. Engraving, 1672.. 's book De humani corporis fabrica. Andreas Vesalius published De humani corporis fabrica in 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/726bfed6-c397-43f1-b630-1603ceb18630) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/jtg9d862
### 1675
- **1675**, The Hospital of Bethlem \[Bedlam\] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north, with ladies and gentlemen walking in the foreground, one giving money to a lame man. Engraving by W. H. Toms.. 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. Open-air schools, convalescent hospitals, seaside and mountain institutions and long wards of children in frames are social history as much as medical history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4b5d22fa-627f-42b8-a312-77fbc2f2ad68) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/twp238dy
### 1679
- **1679**, Anatomy of the principal parts of the human body. Engraving by J. Blanchin after J. Dumoulin, 1679.. (the latter cropped mid-thigh). Andreas Vesalius published De humani corporis fabrica in 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6dcdba24-3c78-49f0-a23c-ade1f2219f3e) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/s5m9uefq
### 1698
- **1698**, Surgical instruments, including lancets, saws and forceps, made by Isaac Grenier; advertising his goods for sale. Etching by H. Neutte \[?\], 1698. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/79089f2d-d0d9-44ea-a252-e2e45fe3dea1) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/jzd2rh68
### 1701
- **1701**, Amputation knife, Germany, 1701-1800. The curved shape of this amputation knife was common in the early 1700s. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e1d215af-46bb-4eb0-9497-e3137487ac2f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amputation_knife,_Germany,_1701-1800_Wellcome_L0058145.jpg
- **1701**, Amputation knife, Paris, France, 1701-1800. Made from steel with an ebony handle, this surgical knife was used for amputations. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9ca4f799-8df7-4ac0-ba32-bb37b24fa0e4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amputation_knife,_Paris,_France,_1701-1800_Wellcome_L0058146.jpg
### 1714
- **1714**, Illustration of surgical instruments. (1714-1788) "Lectures on the Practice of Surgery" Surgical lectures. Orthopedic surgery is consistently reported as the least gender-diverse of the major surgical specialties in the United States and United Kingdom. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/18c48454-feaa-4dae-97bf-a299bc6096ed) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illustration_of_surgical_instruments_Wellcome_L0073682.jpg
- **1714**, Illustration of Lectures on the Practice of Surgery. Pott, Percival (1714-1788) "Lectures on the Practice of Surgery" Surgical lectures. Orthopedic surgery is consistently reported as the least gender-diverse of the major surgical specialties in the United States and United Kingdom. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/dcaf259c-de89-4294-b713-e385cb71ad5d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illustration_of_Lectures_on_the_Practice_of_Surgery_Wellcome_L0073681.jpg
### 1728
- **1728**, Anatomical chart, Cyclopaedia, 1728, volume 1, between pages 84 and 85. Anatomical atlases established the normal against which skeletal deformity was defined, and the great ones were as much publishing achievements as medical ones. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c4ecc7f5-20fb-4cdd-92c4-2685ac9c3cd7) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anatomical_chart,_Cyclopaedia,_1728,_volume_1,_between_pages_84_and_85.jpg
### 1731
- **1731**, A surgeon and his assistant operating on a patient's head and using a drill to perform the trephination. Engraving, 1731. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/86c65d43-a2f8-479e-9ad8-1297ee25a795) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/kdpv6953
### 1732
- **1732**, Surgical instruments, including lancets, saws and forceps; advertising the work of the surgical instrument-maker J. Songy. Etching, 1732. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4fd505c7-19d2-4173-ad9a-6c14639f17c8) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/gb8sk6gc
### 1733
- **1733**, Illustration of a human skeleton in a kneeling posture, 1733. Illustration published in Cheselden, William: Osteographia, or the anatomy of the bones, London, 1733. William Cheselden published Osteographia, an atlas of the human skeleton. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/70e03307-bf60-4eda-971c-8e2ca494dc79) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ybepxwy8
- **1733**, Illustration of the spine from Cheselden, \<i\>Osteographia\</i\>, 1733. Illustration of the spine from Cheselden, Osteographia, 1733. Plate 13 from Cheselden, William: Osteographia, or the anatomy of the bones, London, 1733. William Cheselden published Osteographia, an atlas of the human skeleton. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0d898ee1-11a9-4e83-927a-e4a00fc32f56) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/d65zumya
- **1733**, Osteographia, or the anatomy of the bones Fleuron N055711-38. Fleuron from book: Osteographia, or the anatomy of the bones. William Cheselden published Osteographia, an atlas of the human skeleton. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a73b3320-647f-4849-90f5-fbe96dc5ecac) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Osteographia,_or_the_anatomy_of_the_bones_Fleuron_N055711-38.png
### 1736
- **1736**, Summer - Nan West Mural - RNOH - Bolsover St East Marylebone. The new outpatient department of the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital in Bolsover Street, central London was opened In 1927. Open-air schools, convalescent hospitals, seaside and mountain institutions and long wards of children in frames are social history as much as medical history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ba52a7c0-f80d-4bb6-8382-1bb9d355fcb7) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Summer_-_Nan_West_Mural_-_RNOH_-_Bolsover_St_East_Marylebone.jpg
### 1739
- **1739**, Cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Engraving after G. de Lairesse, 1739.. 1-2 are of the first cervical vertebra, the atlas, seen from below and above. Osteological atlases and articulated skeletons are the reference against which every deformity and fracture in this archive was read. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/bfd55b4f-efab-4326-946c-21479c2d7400) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/kk8qvtxa
- **1739**, The scapula (figures 1-2) and the clavicle (figures 3-4) and the sternum seen from the front (figure 5). Engraving after G. de Lairesse, 1739. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4b611ae5-685f-49ce-9390-c18e8b7eba24) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/yuqswy3z
- **1739**, John Cargill: surgical Instrument maker's trade-card / M0015854: John Chasson: surgical instruments maker's trade-card. Two images on one negative: the John Cargill trade card is from 1739. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/584b92ba-f43a-4935-a281-c67277ee533f) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/f88rz565
- **1739**, A suspended lower arm from which the skin and fatty layer has been removed to reveal the muscles. Next to it is a knife and a surgical instrument case with its lid. Engraving after G. de Lairesse, 173. 9. Fitted instrument cases were sold as sets, and they record what a surgeon of the period was actually equipped to do, as against what the textbooks recommended. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/342c4491-3f35-4e8c-b24e-2da546c43698) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/neq7akzf
- **1739**, The bones of the arm. Engraving after G. de Lairesse, 1739.. (figures 1-2), the ulna (figures 3-4), and the radius (figures 5-6). Osteological atlases and articulated skeletons are the reference against which every deformity and fracture in this archive was read. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ab5eb3cc-2252-45e9-a6ff-92f70bea3027) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ba2qd66r
### 1740
- **1740**, Surgical instruments: 37 figures, including needles of various shapes and sizes. Engraving with etching by George Bickham, 1740/1760?. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ad3d5748-0a5e-4690-8da7-b43778f9379f) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/uuxfd492
### 1741
- **1741**, Portrait of Nicolas Andre (Andry). ). Nicolas Andry de Bois-Regard built the word orthopaedics from Greek orthos, straight, and paidion, child, in L'orthopedie of 1741. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ac015328-5c1d-43c8-a4af-313f428e570d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Nicolas_Andre_(Andry)_Wellcome_L0000013.jpg
### 1743
- **1743**, The crooked tree plate from Nicolas Andry, Orthopaedia, 1743. The plate of a crooked young tree tied to a straight stake, engraved by James Hulett for the 1743 English edition of Nicolas Andry's Orthopaedia. The image was later adopted as the emblem of orthopedic societies worldwide, including the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. It is an analogy about a gardener staking a sapling, not a picture of a device, and the version in modern society logos is a redrawn one rather than Andry's plate. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b18feeb4-5d65-4ae2-a4db-8dcfe58a5ac2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nicolas_Andry_de_Boisregard,_Orthopedia,_1743_Wellcome_L0018019.jpg
- **1743**, Orthopaedia: or, the Art of Correcting and Preventing Deformities in Children, title page, London, 1743. Title page of the first English edition of Nicolas Andry's Orthopaedia, printed. Millar in London in 1743, two years after the French L'orthopedie. The title page states the book's audience plainly: means as may easily be put in practice by parents themselves. Andry built the word orthopaedics from Greek orthos, straight, and paidion, child, and he was a physician who fought publicly against the surgeons of his day, so the word names a field of child-rearing rather than of surgery. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e0ac3c31-bcb9-43c3-9ddf-0bb4a8d6e714) Source: https://archive.org/details/b33016446_0001
- **1743**, A human skeleton, seen from the back, resting the bones of its right forearm on a spade handle, after Vesalius. Etching by I. Basire, 1743.. 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/94e11924-5435-42c2-a0d0-3ddbd5e769d8) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/qed2pntt
- **1743**, Orthopædia- or Fleuron T088365-6. Fleuron from book: Orthopædia: or, the art of correcting and preventing deformities in children: By such Means, as may easily be put in Practice by Parents themselves, and all such as are employed in Educating Children. Nicolas Andry de Bois-Regard built the word orthopaedics from Greek orthos, straight, and paidion, child, in L'orthopedie of 1741. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ef2ee8fa-6882-453e-a847-c05f31b81aee) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orthop%C3%A6dia-_or_Fleuron_T088365-6.png
- **1743**, Straightening the crooked trunk of a young tree, from Andry's Orthopaedia. A second impression of the crooked-tree plate from Andry's Orthopaedia of 1743. Andry built the word orthopaedics from Greek orthos, straight, and paidion, child, and addressed the book to parents rather than to surgeons. He was a physician who fought publicly against the surgeons of his day, which is a genuine irony given that the specialty carrying his coinage became a surgical one. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1b9cca44-f4ed-466e-89b4-f4a49db638fb) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andry_de_Bois_Regard,_%22Orthopaedia...%22,_crooked_tree_trunk_Wellcome_L0026364.jpg
### 1747
- **1747**, Ange-Bernard Imbert-Delonnes. Orthopedic surgery is consistently reported as the least gender-diverse of the major surgical specialties in the United States and United Kingdom. Nursing, plaster technicians, brace makers, limb fitters and physiotherapists were overwhelmingly where women actually worked in this field. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/61e0e905-71ca-4b16-a1dd-724cc5b77f7e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ange-Bernard_Imbert-Delonnes_Wellcome_L0068361.jpg
### 1749
- **1749**, Amputation instruments: a saw and curved knife, 1749. Illustration published in Le Dran, Henry-Francois: The operations in surgery of Mons. Amputation saws are the emblematic instrument of pre-anaesthetic surgery. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7c0f45d9-bd7a-43f5-bfeb-06aa0e8c6e7f) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/gq6g58hv
- **1749**, A rachitic skeleton, measuring two feet two inches in length, seen from the front and the back. Engraving, 1749.. "intendant" of the Jardin du Roi in 1736 and his Histoire naturelle has, as its base, his descriptive catalogue of the specimens of the "cabinet du roi". Rickets, nutritional vitamin D deficiency causing bone deformity, was historically associated with industrial cities, smoke and lack of sunlight and was known in Britain as the English disease. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ff678029-1734-4bd9-b694-2e9f79353739) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/sxn6hrtm
- **1749**, An ankylosis of the bones of the fractured right femur (thigh-bone) and tibia (lower leg bone) (figs 1-2) and the radius and ulna (bones of the forearm) joined by a flexible callus (figs 3-4) Engravin. 1749. Splinting and bandaging to immobilise a fracture is attested for at least three thousand years, in Egyptian, Greek, Indian and Chinese practice alike, long before the word orthopaedics existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7bba98ee-cf46-4a74-868d-11fe7575426e) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/kuteub52
- **1749**, A false ankylosis of the right femur (thigh-bone), seen from the front and back (figs 1-2) and divided for an interior view (fig. 3) Engraving, 1749.. 1-2 show the same example in two views, as do figures 4-5. Pathological bone specimens in museum collections are the physical record of conditions that antibiotics and vaccines later made rare in wealthy countries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/aa269022-ca33-4708-a631-bbad6e9e4687) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/pwj3crfd
- **1749**, Five figures of exostoses (tumours) on the left femur (thigh-bone) Engraving, 1749.. 1-2 show the same example in two views, as do figures 4-5. Pathological bone specimens in museum collections are the physical record of conditions that antibiotics and vaccines later made rare in wealthy countries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f73eef71-fe42-430a-a5ae-65bf1eca739a) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/tsu29ysm
### 1750
- **1750**, A case of amputation instruments, circa 1750 - 1800. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7bdf010c-08c6-4b4c-b099-bd1f78ed6537) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/thds3hqk
### 1755
- **1755**, St Luke's Hospital, Cripplegate, London, with a map of Cripplegate Ward and the armorial device of John Blachford. Engraving by B. Cole, 1755. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/bd8c396f-a5ed-42e3-825b-8f55cb3920f5) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/qpxf43cp
### 1769
- **1769**, Orthopedic traction, the Archimedes screw and astronomical instruments: seven figures. Etching, 1769. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b855ee35-7218-4588-a65c-432d3fa698f5) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/r7qmfcet
### 1770
- **1770**, Kreupele bedelaar, RP-P-OB-46.566. Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9d767e4f-6c94-4224-866c-76e3a55b5f78) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kreupele_bedelaar,_RP-P-OB-46.566.jpg
- **1770**, Man op stoel met wieltjes voortgetrokken, RP-P-OB-46.571. Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3d460592-a261-4953-87f7-f977c10f2c68) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Man_op_stoel_met_wieltjes_voortgetrokken,_RP-P-OB-46.571.jpg
- **1770**, Kreupele man in driewielig karretje, RP-P-OB-46.569. Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cadc19e9-3582-4274-b571-58b6a0d71b37) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kreupele_man_in_driewielig_karretje,_RP-P-OB-46.569.jpg
### 1772
- **1772**, Richard Smith junior (1772-1843), surgeon to the Bristol Royal Infirmary 1796-1843. Oil painting by John Hazlitt, 1824. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5e32454e-b9a8-4d3b-9ec4-c39e7c4aa6b6) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/yce7zuay
### 1775
- **1775**, The chirurgical works of Percivall Pott, F.R.S. and surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Fleuron T055014-51. Fleuron from book: The chirurgical works of Percivall Pott, F.R.S. and surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Percivall Pott described tuberculosis of the spine, which carries his name, in 1779. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8a962b43-c298-4f3a-9b0c-1d6778f9782e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_chirurgical_works_of_Percivall_Pott,_F.R.S._and_surgeon_to_St._Bartholomew%27s_Hospital._Fleuron_T055014-51.png
### 1776
- **1776**, Plain concise practical remarks, on the treatment of wounds and fractures; to which is added, an appendix, on camp and military hospitals; principally designed for the use of young military and naval. / By John Jones. War has repeatedly acted as an accelerator and a systematiser of orthopedic practice and a builder of institutions, but the science that made those advances possible was overwhelmingly civilian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a7b65b2d-b4d0-412a-a4fe-1ffe085053e0) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/jbkytw64
### 1778
- **1778**, Death as a winged skeleton riding into battle. Etching by J. Gamelin after himself, 1778. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ff681ee5-f42a-449e-8a30-cd6b6ff0ff47) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/bn6szkun
- **1778**, Allegorische vrouwenfiguur, in triomfwagen, RP-T-1904-10. Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2bc9a3dd-f4fa-4417-9482-4596bf00e98e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Allegorische_vrouwenfiguur,_in_triomfwagen,_RP-T-1904-10.jpg
### 1779
- **1779**, The chirurgical works of Percivall Pott, F Fleuron T055015-3. Fleuron from book: The chirurgical works of Percivall Pott, F.R.S. and surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Percivall Pott described tuberculosis of the spine, which carries his name, in 1779. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9548495f-e37f-4891-ae00-40ed6342f448) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_chirurgical_works_of_Percivall_Pott,_F_Fleuron_T055015-3.png
### 1780
- **1780**, Petit-type tourniquet, Europe, 1780-1805. The tourniquet is used to apply pressure to stop heavy bleeding, especially during amputations. Splinting and bandaging to immobilise a fracture is attested for at least three thousand years, in Egyptian, Greek, Indian and Chinese practice alike, long before the word orthopaedics existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8322496e-416d-4419-be1e-a8e8567192e9) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Petit-type_tourniquet,_Europe,_1780-1805_Wellcome_L0058756.jpg
- **1780**, Benjamin Bell-type metacarpal amputation saw, Europe, 1780-1. Benjamin Bell, an influential Scottish surgeon (1749-1806), introduced a number of modifications to surgical instruments during his career. Amputation saws are the emblematic instrument of pre-anaesthetic surgery. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/560fb98d-4c28-4526-9cd0-14e8fa46a7d9) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Benjamin_Bell-type_metacarpal_amputation_saw,_Europe,_1780-1_Wellcome_L0057850.jpg
### 1784
- **1784**, The name "H. Cline"; the outline of a femur; and studs. Relief etchings by Henry Cline, 1784/1811.. "H. Cline", the outline of a femur, and studs. Anatomical atlases established the normal against which skeletal deformity was defined, and the great ones were as much publishing achievements as medical ones. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3fd7fdb2-48a0-4bb2-9bcc-2b4919908008) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/bk2r4a3w
### 1786
- **1786**, Bandages and splints, from Bertrandi: \<i\>Opere\</i\>, 1786. Bandages and splints, from Bertrandi: Opere, 1786. Woodcut illustration from Bertrandi, Giovanni Ambrogio Maria: Opere, di Ambrogio Bertrandi, volume I, Torino : Fratelli Reycends, 1786-1802. Splinting and bandaging to immobilise a fracture is attested for at least three thousand years, in Egyptian, Greek, Indian and Chinese practice alike, long before the word orthopaedics existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f9bb7c4a-d54b-4088-994b-2d105ea2cad9) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/aer2qmwt
- **1786**, Bandages, from Bertrandi: \<i\>Opere\</i\>, 1786. Bandages, from Bertrandi: Opere, 1786. Woodcut illustration from Bertrandi, Giovanni Ambrogio Maria: Opere, di Ambrogio Bertrandi, volume I, Torino : Fratelli Reycends, 1786-1802. Splinting and bandaging to immobilise a fracture is attested for at least three thousand years, in Egyptian, Greek, Indian and Chinese practice alike, long before the word orthopaedics existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5fdbbd9f-ba5e-4cc1-94d4-efd5864c7d84) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/r9f5f6s8
- **1786**, Instruments for trephination, from Bertrandi: \<i\>Opere\</i\>, 1786. Instruments for trephination, from Bertrandi: Opere, 1786. Illustration from Bertrandi, Giovanni Ambrogio Maria: Opere, di Ambrogio Bertrandi, Torino : Fratelli Reycends, 1786-1802. Trepanation, the cutting of an opening in the skull, is among the oldest operations for which there is physical evidence, and trepanned skulls with healed margins survive in museum collections worldwide, showing that people lived afterwards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5d6b39b1-222b-42a8-bfc8-2ecf6a3ea643) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/xeahgcu2
### 1787
- **1787**, A woman doctor bandaging a young woman's hand. Mezzotint, 1787. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9f05fab2-642a-49b9-a84d-a0808aeb6cf4) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/g4zy9g93
### 1793
- **1793**, Case of surgical instruments by Evans, 1793. Used by Thomas Major, naval Surgeon. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/414c92b0-c24c-4502-aa52-3af1f56b9b75) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/fcmy9t9h
### 1796
- **1796**, Standing skeleton, seen from the side, resting right elbow on a pedestal, with left hand resting on a skull. Pen and ink wash drawing by J. Mallcott after A. Vesalius, 1796.. Standing skeleton, seen from the side, resting right elbow on a pedestal, with left hand resting on a skull. Pen and ink wash drawing by J. Mallcott after. Vesalius, 1796. Andreas Vesalius published De humani corporis fabrica in 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6c892138-c01b-4ad1-aaf0-59103b3facf8) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ne888kg3
### 1797
- **1797**, Nelson's spy-glass and tourniquet. 1797. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/53f4d1a7-f60c-4b7f-a50f-f31658e6db2e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nelson%27s_spy-glass_and_tourniquet_Wellcome_L0012241.jpg
### 1799
- **1799**, Procession with seated figure carried on a stretcher, with snakes, Calcutta, West Bengal. Coloured etching by François Balthazar Solvyns, 1799.. 's greatest contribution to this field, and it begins with Larrey's flying ambulances. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0ef2ed7c-6db4-46c4-9704-4020de90a9ac) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/zhufd8tr
- **1799**, Guy's Hospital, Southwark: the entrance courtyard, with a patient being carried in on a stretcher. Engraving by W. Woolnoth, 1799, after J. Elmes.. 's greatest contribution to this field, and it begins with Larrey's flying ambulances. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d1249a61-e26a-408f-9938-cd42416844c9) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ae92cqsa
- **1799**, Guy's Hospital, Southwark: the entrance courtyard, with a patient being carried in on a stretcher. Coloured engraving by W., 1799, after J.. 's greatest contribution to this field, and it begins with Larrey's flying ambulances. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f5cc87c6-e79e-4f80-a10c-128da24e5cb0) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/bq6ztzkr
### 1800
- **1800**, Ambroise Paré, on the battlefield using a ligature for the artery of an amputated leg of a soldier. Wood engraving by Charles Maurand after E. Morin. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3ec7bd70-bd97-4ae4-9714-b47e7a6b7f22) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/pgy6y8gv
### 1801
- **1801**, A compendium of the anatomy of the human body - intended principally for the use of students (1801). Plate from A compendium of the anatomy of the human body : intended principally for the use of students, 1801 by Fyfe, Andrew (Edinburgh : Printed by J. Pillans & sons, and sold. Gut). Anatomical atlases established the normal against which skeletal deformity was defined, and the great ones were as much publishing achievements as medical ones. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/59e583cc-1aae-4abf-929d-8f07b4dd4c40) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_compendium_of_the_anatomy_of_the_human_body_-_intended_principally_for_the_use_of_students_(1801)_(14582428738).jpg
### 1802
- **1802**, Illustration of surgical instruments, from Bertrandi: \<i\>Trattato delle Operazioni di Chirurgia\</i\>, 1802. Illustration of surgical instruments, from Bertrandi: Trattato delle Operazioni di Chirurgia, 1802. Title page to Bertrandi, Giovanni Ambrogio Maria: Opere, di Ambrogio Bertrandi, volume I, Torino : Fratelli Reycends, 1786-1802. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9586ccac-c840-4b46-a1e7-58f06b663782) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/x4wuhnek
### 1803
- **1803**, Surgical instruments: tourniquets and amputating instruments. Engraving by Wilson Lowry, 1803. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3408e9a1-852b-42f1-821e-4b1339c14606) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/swxdeujc
### 1806
- **1806**, A soldier with one arm debates with a sailor with a wooden leg the merits of the army and the navy. Reproduction of an etching by I. & G. Cruikshank, 1806. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f43efcf2-5fb5-446c-a3e5-d47471051c22) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/cw9hz9sb
- **1806**, Splints for fractures, used by Navy, c. 1806. Illustration showing the splints commonly used in fractures of the extremities (arms and legs), and which were ordered by the Government in the list of Naval instruments. Splinting and bandaging to immobilise a fracture is attested for at least three thousand years, in Egyptian, Greek, Indian and Chinese practice alike, long before the word orthopaedics existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9b580ec1-879f-4059-b4e1-2fd6e14712fb) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Splints_for_fractures,_used_by_Navy,_c._1806_Wellcome_L0038434.jpg
### 1809
- **1809**, Interior of the women's ward at St Luke's Hospital, Cripplegate, London. Coloured aquatint by J.C. Stadler after A.C. Pugin and T. Rowlandson, 1809, of the interior of the women's ward, with many inmates and a member of staff, at St Luke's Hospital, Cripplegate, London. Long wards of children in frames are the characteristic institutional image of orthopedics for the first two thirds of the twentieth century, when the caseload was polio and skeletal tuberculosis. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ce4c32d1-d33c-4cc5-bc18-698f220f1727) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/rmp3nkaa
### 1810
- **1810**, M.I.Pyrogov Statue Kirovograd St.Elisavet's Fortress (YDS 4229). The bust of N.I. Pirogov at the territory of military hospital established in the years of 1900-1910 within Saint Elizabeth fortress in Elisavetgrad (now Kirovograd, regional centre in Ukraine). Nikolai Pirogov used plaster casts, triage and women nurses on the Russian side in the Crimean War. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e18b8bef-fab5-47fa-956d-68a3e8a0e89e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:M.I.Pyrogov_Statue_Kirovograd_St.Elisavet%27s_Fortress_(YDS_4229).jpg
- **1810**, M.I.Pyrogov Statue Pavlograd City's hospital (YDS 7796). The statue of N.I. Pirogov near the central city hospital in Pavlograd, industrial city of oblast significance in Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine. Nikolai Pirogov used plaster casts, triage and women nurses on the Russian side in the Crimean War. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0d417f8f-5e3f-4757-aa1b-b7903327a146) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:M.I.Pyrogov_Statue_Pavlograd_City%27s_hospital_(YDS_7796).jpg
- **1810**, Surgical instruments, including an amputating saw, an amputating knife, scalpels and bone nippers. Engraving by Wilson Lowry, 1810. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cea39f45-d50f-45d0-bf27-13e1b35ae29e) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/s6z7mq2f
- **1810**, Surgical instruments, including scalpels and catheters. Engraving by Wilson Lowry, 1810. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9e4f1536-c1d2-4cf1-b193-4fc0cc8b7b23) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/v9thb4r4
### 1811
- **1811**, Abnormal heads and skulls, fractured and bandaged clavicle and a broken (?) leg bandaged in a splint. Engraving by W. Lowry, 1811, after J. Farey, the younger. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/80800c47-b266-46c6-93ae-03213be9077d) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/h3sa78y5
### 1812
- **1812**, Surgical instruments, including Dr. Hulme's truss. Engraving by Wilson Lowry after J. Farey jun., 1812. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e737e029-9070-482c-b4e4-10252bbc488d) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/pmbvnhw9
- **1812**, Surgical instruments for the extraction of cataracts. Engraving by W. Lowry after J. Farey jun., 1812. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9e6de99e-f919-40f1-871c-fd592346fdb8) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/yr22y8jm
### 1813
- **1813**, Surgical instruments for trepanning, including a tripod elevator. Engraving by Wilson Lowry, 1813. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a4b8eec7-c619-4cf9-843d-6c421d5d80ef) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/h6vpgarj
### 1814
- **1814**, Surgical instruments for the extraction of cataracts. Engraving by W. Lowry after J. Farey jun., 1814. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c4d7eebc-17c1-4c2a-99fe-4cd5f1a2a214) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/zhuucm8c
### 1815
- **1815**, A man with an artificial arm selling live haddock from a basket he suspends from the hook on his left shoulder. Etching by J.T. Smith, 1815. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5fa8b332-7b82-4f71-97f3-f900b4f94b2f) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/a4jyvny6
### 1816
- **1816**, An itinerant salesman with artificial arms selling the bootlaces that hang from the hooks of his hands. Etching by J.T. Smith, 1816. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/97724bd9-5a93-4b24-b3d4-74488e60af8e) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/x9gn6fnt
### 1818
- **1818**, Chinese woodcut; Bone-setting devices. Woodcut fromShangke buyao(Supplement to Traumatology) by Qian Xiuchang, published in 1818 (23rd year of the Jiaqing reign period of the Qing dynasty). Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/57bccd4c-46c7-4ab1-bb13-00dd5b2f125f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chinese_woodcut;_Bone-setting_devices_Wellcome_L0038861.jpg
- **1818**, Chinese woodcut; Fixation appliance for injured kneecap. Woodcut fromShangke buyao(Supplement to Traumatology) by Qian Xiuchang, published in 1818 (23rd year of the Jiaqing reign period of the Qing dynasty), showing an appliance for setting and fixing injured kneecaps. Bone-setting emerged as a specialised skill in China roughly three thousand years ago, wound physicians are attested from the Zhou dynasty, and die-da is the Chinese bone-setting and traumatology tradition, historically linked with martial arts communities. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1720f1b9-8e67-4e6c-a4d6-3fa81575ebfd) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chinese_woodcut;_Fixation_appliance_for_injured_kneecap_Wellcome_L0038862.jpg
- **1818**, An old sailor with wooden leg relates his adventures to a family as both men smoke and drink. Reproduction of an etching by G. Cruikshank, 1818, after J. Sheringham. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/fc1fcfbc-ea2c-418c-bf23-ffff705b7a81) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/d8c46bfk
- **1818**, Chinese woodcut: Lumbar fixation splint. Woodcut from Shangke buyao (Supplement to Traumatology) by Qian Xiuchang, published in 1818 (23rd year of the Jiaqing reign period of the Qing dynasty). Bone-setting emerged as a specialised skill in China roughly three thousand years ago, wound physicians are attested from the Zhou dynasty, and die-da is the Chinese bone-setting and traumatology tradition, historically linked with martial arts communities. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3e4e5b61-a2c5-4715-a923-dd34a3230d60) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/znukf7mv
- **1818**, Chinese C19 woodcut: Forensic chart of the skeleton (front). Woodcut showing frontal view of skeleton from Shangke buyao (Supplement to Traumatology) by Qian Xiuchang, published in 1818 (23rd year of the Jiaqing reign period of the Qing dynasty). Osteological atlases and articulated skeletons are the reference against which every deformity and fracture in this archive was read. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e51fa274-e052-4567-980f-3f87303d9c00) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/wxzzkb5y
- **1818**, Chinese C19 woodcut: Forensic chart of the skeleton (back). Forensic chart of the skeleton from Shangke buyao (Supplement to Traumatology) by Qian Xiuchang, published in 1818 (23rd year of the Jiaqing reign period of the Qing dynasty). Osteological atlases and articulated skeletons are the reference against which every deformity and fracture in this archive was read. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e581a52e-4371-4e3a-b939-685c7474bd42) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/sjywenj4
### 1823
- **1823**, Petit-type tourniquet, London, England, 1823-1829. The tourniquet is used to apply pressure to stop heavy bleeding, especially during amputations. Splinting and bandaging to immobilise a fracture is attested for at least three thousand years, in Egyptian, Greek, Indian and Chinese practice alike, long before the word orthopaedics existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3c25e982-1dc8-4393-9f1f-5f0b467d916a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Petit-type_tourniquet,_London,_England,_1823-1829_Wellcome_L0057846.jpg
### 1825
- **1825**, Portret van Dominique-Jean Larrey, RP-P-1909-1306. Dominique Jean Larrey created the ambulances volantes, horse-drawn units to bring casualties off the field rapidly, and is associated with the origins of triage, sorting by need rather than rank. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/84ed15a1-32dd-4e41-9adc-1048b7fc7a91) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portret_van_Dominique-Jean_Larrey,_RP-P-1909-1306.jpg
### 1827
- **1827**, Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister (1827-1912) surgeon. Portrait of The Right Honourable Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister \[1827 1912\], British surgeon. Joseph Lister published his method in The Lancet in 1867, arguing it through compound fracture, which is an orthopedic problem. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/39e32afe-7aec-455e-a392-1c4d61325955) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joseph_Lister,_1st_Baron_Lister_(1827_%E2%80%93_1912)_surgeon_Wellcome_L0007308.jpg
- **1827**, Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister (1827-1912) surgeon Wellcome V0003615ER. Portrait of The Right Honourable Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister \[1827 1912\], British surgeon. Joseph Lister published his method in The Lancet in 1867, arguing it through compound fracture, which is an orthopedic problem. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a682dc73-08e2-438f-be65-d854d9f4571a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joseph_Lister,_1st_Baron_Lister_(1827_%E2%80%93_1912)_surgeon_Wellcome_V0003615ER.jpg
- **1827**, Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister (1827-1912) surgeon Wellcome V0003615EL. Portrait of The Right Honourable Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister \[1827 1912\], British surgeon. Joseph Lister published his method in The Lancet in 1867, arguing it through compound fracture, which is an orthopedic problem. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e9d8f125-3899-4be2-8216-cace10adb68c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joseph_Lister,_1st_Baron_Lister_(1827_%E2%80%93_1912)_surgeon_Wellcome_V0003615EL.jpg
### 1829
- **1829**, Old St. Thomas's Hospital: a cadaver, a skull, bones of the lower leg and foot, and two bell-jars on stands. Engraving by A. R. Freebairn after a medallion by W. Wyon, 1829.. Old St. Thomas's Hospital: a cadaver, a skull, bones of the lower leg and foot, and two bell-jars on stands. Engraving. R. Freebairn after a medallion by W. Wyon, 1829. This print is an anaglyptograph after the reverse of the Cheselden Medal, awarded at St. Thomas's Hospital Medical School for distinction in practical examination in surgery and surgical anatomy. William Cheselden published Osteographia, an atlas of the human skeleton. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a0fde84a-d0de-40c1-a663-786bd03fb971) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/jdngdzwg
- **1829**, The anatomy of the bones of the human body; represented in a series of engravings, copied from the elegent tables of Sue and Albinus / By Edward Mitchell, engraver... With explanatory references, [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/af2b4888-cd5b-4ab1-9908-ca612487bbc6) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/rf4g4unx
### 1830
- **1830**, Advertisment for a thigh splint: two figures, including an illustration showing the splint in place on a bandaged limb. Engraving with etching, 1830/1860?. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4bf183d5-08dc-41e7-8433-af988240a54e) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/nf63ydgp
### 1831
- **1831**, Patient being carried to Boston General hospital on a stretcher. Coloured line engraving by Fenner Sears & Co., 1831, after R. Goodarce.. 's greatest contribution to this field, and it begins with Larrey's flying ambulances. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/daf282fb-feff-4cc4-93da-91cd8ebe661e) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/agggqasu
- **1831**, Clubfoot and the operation to cure the condition. Coloured lithograph by N.H. Jacob. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e4c87986-f374-427e-9ec2-ddee17c49448) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/gnk2xfpq
### 1835
- **1835**, Illustration of a carriage allowing someone on an orthopaedic appliance to bathe in the sea, 1835. Illustration published in Heine, Johann Georg: Physiologie de l'effet des bains sur l'organisme vital de l'homme, La Haye : A.P. van Langenhuysen, 1835. Corsets, spinal jackets and mechanical apparatus proliferated across Europe from the late eighteenth century as orthopedic institutes multiplied. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/af6bf50b-8ed0-4b3a-837e-b23075f49593) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/v3sxq3ke
### 1841
- **1841**, The circulatory system: dissections of the knee joint, with arteries and veins indicated in red and blue. Coloured lithograph by J. Maclise, 1841/1844. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0fb48ce0-6377-4a9a-a5fa-7d629da08277) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/etu9s72q
### 1845
- **1845**, Professeur Roentgen (inventeur des rayons X, CNews) - btv1b53099422b. Sujet : Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad (1845-1923) -- Portraits -- 1914-1945 Référence bibliographique : Rol, 81323 Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : Pho20Rol Image de presse Couverture :.. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8d1c26c8-f7f3-4b82-8cab-ff47435caa22) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Professeur_Roentgen_(inventeur_des_rayons_X,_CNews)_-_btv1b53099422b.jpg
### 1848
- **1848**, An episode in the novel Old London Bridge by G.H. Rodwell: an attack by robbers on a cottage on Putney Heath, London, is resisted with gunfire by two of the occupants, Edward Osborne and The Cripple o. 1848. Long wards of children in frames are the characteristic institutional image of orthopedics for the first two thirds of the twentieth century, when the caseload was polio and skeletal tuberculosis. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6bc95804-9378-460e-ae4e-84f587880bf4) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/m7wv6y6g
### 1850
- **1850**, Aritificial peg leg, Europe, 1850-1900. Made from painted black wood with leather straps which attached to the waist, this artificial limb was made for someone whose leg had been amputated above the knee. Crutches, calipers and walking supports are the everyday apparatus of orthopedic care and are far more numerous in the visual record than any operation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/29f45f72-2ac0-43ca-b21d-0aa3bae21a52) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aritificial_peg_leg,_Europe,_1850-1900_Wellcome_L0057690.jpg
### 1852
- **1852**, 8th Xhosa War: British soldiers bearing a wounded man on a stretcher and supplies through jungle. Lithograph, ca. 1852.. 's greatest contribution to this field, and it begins with Larrey's flying ambulances. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ccce7a08-b102-4460-9724-9976c31e05fb) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/hyeat6ak
- **1852**, Spinal disease and spinal curvature : their treatment by suspension and the use of the plaster of Paris bandage / by Lewis A. Sayre.. Spinal disease and spinal curvature : their treatment by suspension and the use of the plaster of Paris bandage / by Lewis. Sayre. Priority for the plaster of Paris bandage is contested and taught differently by country. Antonius Mathijsen, a Dutch army surgeon, published his in 1852, and Nikolai Pirogov used plaster in military surgery in the Crimean War. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/14f1f2aa-4d45-4eb3-88ba-f7c62c01db77) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/epx23dvz
### 1855
- **1855**, Socket leg and artificial leg below the knee. Bigg, Henry Heather H.H. Bigg, On artificial limbs: their construction and application; London: John Churchill, 1855. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/81e73612-f2d2-421a-91d9-2f6e25e37169) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/j4evjrqs
- **1855**, Adams-type orthopaedic saw, Liverpool, England, 1855-1928. William Adams (1820-1900), an English surgeon, invented this type of saw for his new procedure, called periosteotomy. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c2db2f54-cb0d-495f-b839-1c8115cb683f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adams-type_orthopaedic_saw,_Liverpool,_England,_1855-1928_Wellcome_L0057051.jpg
### 1857
- **1857**, Specification of Henry Wilms : artificial limbs.. "an artificial leg, arm, and hand, on an improved construction". State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8ac078ce-c9f8-42d1-87df-40cea4fb1173) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/cxgz557r
### 1858
- **1858**, Nightingale-mortality. Example of polar area diagram by Florence Nightingale (1820-1910). Florence Nightingale brought sanitation and statistics to military medicine in the Crimean War, including her polar area diagrams. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4b116aec-6fdf-4bbf-8f07-dea3cc9bd5ec) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nightingale-mortality.jpg
- **1858**, (Covers to) England and Her Soldiers.. Zoomable full resolution image available at davidrumsey.com.This image 10563.001 is a part of image group 10563.000."Florence Nightingale worked closely with medical statistician William Farr to create a series of analytic arguments for better sanitation in the British Army. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ba2a5359-87f2-48bd-95f0-ab9836983294) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:(Covers_to)_England_and_Her_Soldiers._(IA_dr_covers-to-england-and-her-soldiers-10563001).jpg
- **1858**, Diagram of the Causes of Mortality in the Army in the East.. Zoomable full resolution image available at davidrumsey.com.This image 10563.002 is a part of image group 10563.000.Colored."Florence Nightingale worked closely with medical statistician William Farr to create a series of analytic arguments for better sanitation in the British Army. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b706a628-7be5-4539-a487-9b0fd736886c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diagram_of_the_Causes_of_Mortality_in_the_Army_in_the_East._(IA_dr_diagram-of-the-causes-of-mortality-in-the-army-in-the-east-10563002).jpg
- **1858**, Diagram Representing the Mortality in the Hospitals.. Zoomable full resolution image available at davidrumsey.com.This image 10563.004 is a part of image group 10563.000.Black and White."Florence Nightingale worked closely with medical statistician William Farr to create a series of analytic arguments for better sanitation in the British Army. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3ee3764c-a5f6-43ca-b079-fcf90c27b9a2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diagram_Representing_the_Mortality_in_the_Hospitals._(IA_dr_diagram-representing-the-mortality-in-the-hospitals-10563004).jpg
- **1858**, (Title page to) England and Her Soldiers.. Zoomable full resolution image available at davidrumsey.com.This image 10563.003 is a part of image group 10563.000."Florence Nightingale worked closely with medical statistician William Farr to create a series of analytic arguments for better sanitation in the British Army. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/415fb1d4-9393-4362-a963-7d14947ae7b8) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:(Title_page_to)_England_and_Her_Soldiers._(IA_dr_title-page-to-england-and-her-soldiers-10563003).jpg
### 1859
- **1859**, Florence Nightingale with Charles Holte Bracebridge and Selina Bracebridge in a Turkish street. Oil painting by Jerry Barrett, 1859.. 1854. Florence Nightingale brought sanitation and statistics to military medicine in the Crimean War, including her polar area diagrams. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5c5e63f4-0dcf-4952-8ee3-0813b6e5f32b) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/c3h66967
- **1859**, Bust of Florence Nightingale by John Steell, National Portrait Gallery, London 03. Bronze bust of Florence Nightingale by John Steell, National Portrait Gallery, London, cast in 1859-62 by Alessandro Parlanti from Steell's original marble portrait bust. Florence Nightingale brought sanitation and statistics to military medicine in the Crimean War, including her polar area diagrams. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c9d127da-d73c-43d6-96e9-8d2fe0d7f743) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bust_of_Florence_Nightingale_by_John_Steell,_National_Portrait_Gallery,_London_03.jpg
- **1859**, Florence Nightingale by Sir John Robert Steell. Circa 1859-62 bronze bust of Florence Nightingale by Sir John Robert Steell (cast by Alessandro Parlanti), on display in the National Portrait Gallery, London. Florence Nightingale brought sanitation and statistics to military medicine in the Crimean War, including her polar area diagrams. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/bbb14d04-b5f8-49cb-b617-2aa4d69dc09d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Florence_Nightingale_by_Sir_John_Robert_Steell.jpg
### 1860
- **1860**, Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Afb ANWC00389000001. Beschrijving Portret van E. Jansen, wonende Laurierstraat 24, in de Schelvisgang Opschrift: 'E. Jansen. The Cairo or Greville Chester toe, an artificial big toe of wood and leather from ancient Egypt, is generally cited as among the earliest known functional prostheses. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/86d3894a-1bd4-4ba2-893b-5a0a010babd4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stadsarchief_Amsterdam,_Afb_ANWC00389000001.jpg
### 1861
- **1861**, GANGRENE; Hospital gangrene of an arm stump. Hospital gangrene of an arm stump, taken from the book The medical and surgical history of the war of the rebellion, (1861-65) / Prepared, in accordance with the acts of Congress, under the direction of Surgeon General, Joseph K. Barnes, United States Army, plate XV. The Army Medical Museum was founded in 1862 and the resulting Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, published 1870 to 1888, is one of the great medical documentation projects. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/39c71add-679a-4bbb-ab56-9d9f390e26ca) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GANGRENE;_Hospital_gangrene_of_an_arm_stump_Wellcome_L0032206.jpg
- **1861**, Pvt. Lewis Francis (SP 113), National Museum of Health and Medicine. The Army Medical Museum was founded in 1862 and the resulting Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, published 1870 to 1888, is one of the great medical documentation projects. It is the origin of the Otis Historical Archives collection. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cb5b934e-8334-4a1d-babb-6cb89cb125b5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pvt._Lewis_Francis_(SP_113),_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_(4404024021).jpg
- **1861**, Amputation Knife - DPLA - d3d170f75b7fb07594cd4344b9754a39. This item is an amputation knife that was used by surgeons during the Civil War. The Army Medical Museum was founded in 1862 and the resulting Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, published 1870 to 1888, is one of the great medical documentation projects. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5ef6cab2-4f19-45dd-b3f5-c6edc00f86aa) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amputation_Knife_-_DPLA_-_d3d170f75b7fb07594cd4344b9754a39.jpg
- **1861**, Amputation Knife - DPLA - eaf43cb89cb619735cd107a4022b7207 (page 2). This item is an amputation knife that was used by surgeons during the Civil War. The Army Medical Museum was founded in 1862 and the resulting Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, published 1870 to 1888, is one of the great medical documentation projects. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2bf501d7-2198-456e-8a5c-58e96477c829) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amputation_Knife_-_DPLA_-_eaf43cb89cb619735cd107a4022b7207_(page_2).jpg
- **1861**, Abulcassis Instruments01. Surgical instruments Abulcasis. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, latinised Albucasis, of Cordoba, wrote the thirty-volume Kitab al-Tasrif whose final surgical volume was illustrated with drawings of instruments. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8f7312ac-0b65-441e-9817-0455cfd62526) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abulcassis_Instruments01.jpg
### 1862
- **1862**, Fracture of the fibula bone: anterior and posterior views. Line block print after R.W. Smith, 1862. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e2fbc047-aebe-420b-bdc3-3a94a3e7fdf0) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/zwhrg8ah
- **1862**, Fractures of the radius and ulna bones, anterior and posterior views. Line block print after R.W. Smith, 1862. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0cecd262-5a14-4ae5-83f3-b1f3ef93a002) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/e6ejwuut
- **1862**, W.T. Evans (SP 334), National Museum of Health and Medicine. The Army Medical Museum was founded in 1862 and the resulting Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, published 1870 to 1888, is one of the great medical documentation projects. It is the origin of the Otis Historical Archives collection. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/49b9522f-ed60-4f52-ad37-64205a996f27) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:W.T._Evans_(SP_334),_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_(5396563712).jpg
### 1863
- **1863**, Illustration of artificial limbs and crutches, 1863. Illustration published in John Weiss & Son: A catalogue of surgical instruments, apparatus, appliances, etc., London : M.S. Rickerby, printer, 1863. Crutches, calipers and walking supports are the everyday apparatus of orthopedic care and are far more numerous in the visual record than any operation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2e1e6c60-721a-4605-8e7c-608921ecd36d) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ypqn2ejt
- **1863**, Letter from William Parker Johnson to William Blackstone(?), January 8, 1863, and reply, January 19, 1863 - DPLA - d742f3618443966a619b2f314ef83f82 (page 3). William Blackstone was William Parker Johnson's father-in-law. War has repeatedly acted as an accelerator and a systematiser of orthopedic practice and a builder of institutions, but the science that made those advances possible was overwhelmingly civilian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5e9f9dc1-2a83-423b-8678-05eb79a1de2d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Letter_from_William_Parker_Johnson_to_William_Blackstone(%3F),_January_8,_1863,_and_reply,_January_19,_1863_-_DPLA_-_d742f3618443966a619b2f314ef83f82_(page_3).jpg
- **1863**, Cpl. Charles N. Lapham (SP 155), National Museum of Health and Medicine. The Army Medical Museum was founded in 1862 and the resulting Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, published 1870 to 1888, is one of the great medical documentation projects. It is the origin of the Otis Historical Archives collection. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/421cb423-bc57-498c-b1a1-68dc270e45ed) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cpl._Charles_N._Lapham_(SP_155),_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_(5217428967).jpg
- **1863**, Letter from William Parker Johnson to William Blackstone, March 8, 1863f58c67b6dc78e837679223e80b7a2 (page 1). William Blackstone is inferred to the be receipient of this letter though he was actually William Park Johnson's father-in-law. War has repeatedly acted as an accelerator and a systematiser of orthopedic practice and a builder of institutions, but the science that made those advances possible was overwhelmingly civilian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/928f7ee4-ac6c-4642-87b2-cad38d606263) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Letter_from_William_Parker_Johnson_to_William_Blackstone,_March_8,_1863_-_DPLA_-_640f58c67b6dc78e837679223e80b7a2_(page_1).jpg
- **1863**, Rontgen-Schalkwijkstraat. Wall art by the house where Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen, the inventor of X-rays, lived in from 1863 until 1865 in the Schalkwijkstraat in Utrecht. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f3e9c798-30f0-4dac-b6b1-e9bb23e244bc) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rontgen-Schalkwijkstraat.jpg
### 1864
- **1864**, Pvt. Henry Ewell (CP 1172), National Museum of Health and Medicine. The McKee-Farrar prosthesis, metal on metal, launched in 1961. It suffered high rates of aseptic loosening and fell from favour once metal on polyethylene appeared. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f0a53805-9902-441c-be07-1cb0b826c4de) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pvt._Henry_Ewell_(CP_1172),_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_(5658768360).jpg
- **1864**, The history of the Civil War in America - comprising a full and impartial account of the origin and progress of the rebellion, of the various naval and military engagements, of the heroic deeds (14782. The history of the Civil War in America - comprising a full and impartial account of the origin and progress of the rebellion, of the various naval and military engagements, of the heroic deeds. The Army Medical Museum was founded in 1862 and the resulting Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, published 1870 to 1888, is one of the great medical documentation projects. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c41b23fb-96bf-47a0-8074-cbcf380834ec) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_history_of_the_Civil_War_in_America_-_comprising_a_full_and_impartial_account_of_the_origin_and_progress_of_the_rebellion,_of_the_various_naval_and_military_engagements,_of_the_heroic_deeds_(14782540673).jpg
- **1864**, Pvt. Julius Fabry (SCDV 05684A), National Museum of Health and Medicine. Pathological bone specimens in museum collections are the physical record of conditions that antibiotics and vaccines later made rare in wealthy countries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/37374416-e9d3-4f58-887b-cdd33917ebcb) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pvt._Julius_Fabry_(SCDV_05684A),_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_(5041801227).jpg
### 1865
- **1865**, Photographs of surgical cases and specimens (1865). A collection of foreign bodies retrieved from the bladder, including stones with foreign bodies as nuclei, all formed as a result of gunshot wounds: Left upper: stone formed around a bullet lodged in the bladder, which then healed Middle upper: half of a urinary calculus formed after gunshot wound to... Pathological bone specimens in museum collections are the physical record of conditions that antibiotics and vaccines later made rare in wealthy countries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d275920f-f57f-4088-a81f-948a90cc54dc) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photographs_of_surgical_cases_and_specimens_(1865)_(14759665521).jpg
### 1867
- **1867**, Case of surgical instruments used by Joseph Lister. Photograph of an open case of surgical instruments used by Joseph Lister. Joseph Lister published his method in The Lancet in 1867, arguing it through compound fracture, which is an orthopedic problem. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/eaf2d2e3-7a82-41d1-a8c7-96f59e535ab0) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ks6dryf4
- **1867**, Surgical instruments used by Joseph Lister. Photograph of six surgical instruments used by Joseph Lister. Joseph Lister published his method in The Lancet in 1867, arguing it through compound fracture, which is an orthopedic problem. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/719f95ea-11f7-4baf-8219-3c413d0aa3ac) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/k24z8pf8
### 1869
- **1869**, Alfred A. Stratton. Alfred. Stratton. Alfred. Stratton lost both his arms at age 19 on 18 June 1864 by a cannon shot in the American Civil War. The Army Medical Museum was founded in 1862 and the resulting Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, published 1870 to 1888, is one of the great medical documentation projects. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e78ac6a7-7fbc-4c83-8223-10df3c460eba) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alfred_A._Stratton.jpg
- **1869**, Pirogoff-Amputation 1. Pirogov amputation, performed by Thomas George Morton (1835-1903). Nikolai Pirogov used plaster casts, triage and women nurses on the Russian side in the Crimean War. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/839a1a79-239d-4f6b-bd1e-e467652fb6d2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pirogoff-Amputation_1.jpg
### 1870
- **1870**, SP310 Cranium with an Iron Arrow-Head impacted in the left Temporal Bone. Private Martin W\_\_\_\_, Troop E, 4th Cavalry, was killed by Indians on September 30, 1870, twenty miles from Fort Concho, Texas, while on duty as one of the mail-stage guard from Fort Chadbourne. The Army Medical Museum was founded in 1862 and the resulting Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, published 1870 to 1888, is one of the great medical documentation projects. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/700fa06c-63ae-4491-a90f-c0478b5b79ae) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SP310_Cranium_with_an_Iron_Arrow-Head_impacted_in_the_left_Temporal_Bone_(3101391334).jpg
- **1870**, A dislocated femur bone: dissection of the thigh, showing the bone and surrounding muscles. Coloured stipple engraving by Debray after Bion, ca. 1870?. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9c288de0-a421-4aa0-b291-77408fe8d9d1) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ardkmfxh
### 1871
- **1871**, Franco-Prussian War: in the siege of Paris. a surgeon of the Garde Nationale (formerly a professor at the Ecole de Médecine) meets an army surgeon, who is one of his former students. Coloured transfer. (J. Renard), 1871. In the background are bodies of dead horses and people, and ruined buildings of Paris. War has repeatedly acted as an accelerator and a systematiser of orthopedic practice and a builder of institutions, but the science that made those advances possible was overwhelmingly civilian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3de35a78-0132-43f6-a121-b3b420e949e4) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/v8jrmut3
### 1872
- **1872**, Einar Key (fourth from left), a Swedish surgeon, in an operating theatre with other surgical staff. Photograph.. (Stockholm 1872-1954) was a surgeon particularly known for the surgical removal of embolisms from peripheral arteries. The operating theatre changed twice in this history, first by anaesthesia which permitted time, and then by asepsis which replaced Lister's carbolic spray. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/47934af7-d251-4641-b7c7-66b0b8e0c4f1) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/yh59uy9u
- **1872**, Illustration of an artificial arm designed by de Beaufort. Photograph of an illustration of artificial arm with moveable fingers designed by de Beaufort in 19th century. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/30c95e16-f07b-4dbc-bc80-cd48f633f430) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/tkeph2xv
### 1876
- **1876**, Serbo-Turkish War: English surgeons going with ambulances to the Battle of Alexinatz. Wood engraving, 1876.. 's greatest contribution to this field, and it begins with Larrey's flying ambulances. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/bfe3ec97-0065-467b-ad04-a38485c30d28) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/jzxmtunm
- **1876**, Illustration of Thomas's hip splint on a patient, with patten crutches. Reproduction of an illustration published in Thomas, Hugh Owen: Diseases of the hip, knee, and ankle, joints, with their deformities, treated by a new and efficient method, Liverpool : T. Dobb, 1876. Hugh Owen Thomas designed the splint and published on it in 1875. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3c23c0ac-15bf-4b7c-a932-3e5799b53468) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/q6xede9b
### 1878
- **1878**, Sculpture, plaster (AM 53811-9). Sculpture, plaster reproduction of classical (antique) Dying Galatian. Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/28a08af9-9114-4f09-ada4-e60bfc158e25) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sculpture,_plaster_(AM_53811-9).jpg
### 1880
- **1880**, The Sanatorium and grounds, Bournemouth. Photolithograph after an etching. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c0544ec2-1bc2-4178-9fb8-411668918d84) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/vsw2ky9r
- **1880**, Highlands of Brazil Sanatorium, São Paulo: exterior seen from a distance. Photograph. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2670af95-a3bf-4019-a46b-d1289d9502d3) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/d9fyxu3j
### 1881
- **1881**, St Marylebone Infirmary, Exmoor Street, London: the Prince and Princess of Wales visiting patients in one of the wards. Wood engraving, ca. 1881.. 1879-81 in northern Kensington as no land was available in St Marylebone. Open-air schools, convalescent hospitals, seaside and mountain institutions and long wards of children in frames are social history as much as medical history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b783f1df-f591-4822-b4da-2bcab77737f4) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/y3dz65jk
### 1882
- **1882**, Splint for knee excision, from Cheyne: \<i\>Antiseptic Surgery\</i\> (1882). Splint for knee excision, from Cheyne: Antiseptic Surgery (1882). Drawings reproduced as figures 54 and 55 in Cheyne, W. Watson: Antiseptic surgery : its principles, practice, history and results, London: Smith, Elder, 1882. Joseph Lister published his method in The Lancet in 1867, arguing it through compound fracture, which is an orthopedic problem. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e2156f0b-3369-4690-bd79-c257f09f550d) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/yaubjcbt
### 1883
- **1883**, The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion. Part III, Volume II. (3rd Surgical volume) (1883). Plate from The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion. The Army Medical Museum was founded in 1862 and the resulting Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, published 1870 to 1888, is one of the great medical documentation projects. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c9974bdd-c7ef-46df-9626-6bd9fa27fe60) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Medical_and_Surgical_History_of_the_War_of_the_Rebellion._Part_III,_Volume_II._(3rd_Surgical_volume)_(1883)_(14576238017).jpg
### 1885
- **1885**, Illustration of Roth's instrument for Pes Equinus, a bunion spring and von Harten's splint for Varus Equinus. Illustrations published in Mayer & Meltzer: Catalogue of surgical instruments and appliances, London : Butler & Tanner, 1885. Splinting and bandaging to immobilise a fracture is attested for at least three thousand years, in Egyptian, Greek, Indian and Chinese practice alike, long before the word orthopaedics existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/214ba427-f874-4eaa-9efd-9ab52f9d2bcf) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/c683xdgx
- **1885**, Illustration of crutches and orthopaedic boots, 1885. Illustration published in Mayer & Meltzer: Catalogue of surgical instruments and appliances, London : Butler & Tanner, 1885. Crutches, calipers and walking supports are the everyday apparatus of orthopedic care and are far more numerous in the visual record than any operation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e34aff07-7cf3-4ebc-8c78-5556b75d7c91) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/sk64266s
- **1885**, Catalogue of surgical instruments. Arnold and Sons, 1885. Gas and Aether Inhaler (Closeman's), Fig. Long wards of children in frames are the characteristic institutional image of orthopedics for the first two thirds of the twentieth century, when the caseload was polio and skeletal tuberculosis. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d72e9e0b-bcb0-405b-a89c-69df09fe2206) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ztxd766s
### 1886
- **1886**, Highlands of Brazil Sanatorium, São Paulo: elevations and plans. Lithograph, 1886. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/275417c9-9e0f-4b45-8b7e-bebf2e252714) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ysdb36cy
### 1888
- **1888**, Anne Crawford, the film star, visiting Oswestry and Gobowen Orthopaedic Hospital. Sir Robert Jones, Hugh Owen Thomas's nephew and pupil, was the pivotal organiser of British orthopedics. As surgeon-superintendent for the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal from 1888 to 1893 he organised what is widely described as the first comprehensive accident service in the world, a civilian and industrial origin for trauma systems. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/491f0b66-be0a-4fb7-8d52-834b302b28c5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anne_Crawford,_the_film_star,_visiting_Oswestry_and_Gobowen_Orthopaedic_Hospital_(1484011).jpg
- **1888**, Robert Jones (surgeon). Sir Robert Jones, Hugh Owen Thomas's nephew and pupil, was the pivotal organiser of British orthopedics. As surgeon-superintendent for the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal from 1888 to 1893 he organised what is widely described as the first comprehensive accident service in the world, a civilian and industrial origin for trauma systems. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c1bb3668-24f3-475d-970d-11d09a0e0149) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Jones_(surgeon).jpg
- **1888**, Visit of the Duchess of Kent to Gobowen Hospital and to Oswestry School. Sir Robert Jones, Hugh Owen Thomas's nephew and pupil, was the pivotal organiser of British orthopedics. As surgeon-superintendent for the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal from 1888 to 1893 he organised what is widely described as the first comprehensive accident service in the world, a civilian and industrial origin for trauma systems. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5d292693-e212-4700-8176-fabeb78a9847) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visit_of_the_Duchess_of_Kent_to_Gobowen_Hospital_and_to_Oswestry_School_(1501881).jpg
- **1888**, Illustration of a corneal trephine. Photograph of an illustration of a corneal trephine, a surgical instrument used for cutting sections of corneal tissue, introduced by Von Hippel in 1888. Trepanation, the cutting of an opening in the skull, is among the oldest operations for which there is physical evidence, and trepanned skulls with healed margins survive in museum collections worldwide, showing that people lived afterwards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7906e565-761c-4705-8237-07d54fe62556) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/zveakzpq
- **1888**, Corneal trephine instrument. Photograph of a corneal trephine, a surgical instrument used for cutting sections of corneal tissue, introduced by Von Hippel in 1888. Trepanation, the cutting of an opening in the skull, is among the oldest operations for which there is physical evidence, and trepanned skulls with healed margins survive in museum collections worldwide, showing that people lived afterwards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f89427ec-1bd2-4ced-ba45-5bb62786448f) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/xh7aspsh
### 1889
- **1889**, Catalogue of Sharp and Smith - importers, manufacturers, wholesale and retail dealers in surgical instruments, deformity apparatus, artificial limbs, artificial eyes, elastic stockings, trusses, (1478. Catalogue of Sharp and Smith - importers, manufacturers, wholesale and retail dealers in surgical instruments, deformity apparatus, artificial limbs, artificial eyes, elastic stockings, trusses,. Crutches, calipers and walking supports are the everyday apparatus of orthopedic care and are far more numerous in the visual record than any operation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5d440d6b-544e-4460-8100-9071aa42a3ce) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Catalogue_of_Sharp_and_Smith_-_importers,_manufacturers,_wholesale_and_retail_dealers_in_surgical_instruments,_deformity_apparatus,_artificial_limbs,_artificial_eyes,_elastic_stockings,_trusses,_(14783533025).jpg
### 1890
- **1890**, Leysin, the village and sanatorium in winter, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland-LCCN2001703351. Forms part of: Views of Switzerland in the Photochrom print collection.; Title from the Detroit Publishing Co., Catalogue J-foreign section, Detroit, Mich. Auguste Rollier at Leysin in Switzerland is the central figure in sun therapy for surgical tuberculosis, from around 1903. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/50b00654-1288-477a-9a67-5ad0f13bb8b4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leysin,_the_village_and_sanatorium_in_winter,_Canton_of_Vaud,_Switzerland-LCCN2001703351.jpg
- **1890**, Leysin, the sanatorium and Chaussy in winter, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland-LCCN2001703352. Print no. "1495".; Title from the Detroit Publishing Co., Catalogue J-foreign section, Detroit, Mich. Auguste Rollier at Leysin in Switzerland is the central figure in sun therapy for surgical tuberculosis, from around 1903. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/83f71adc-8f54-419c-9a5a-8e5d809c943c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leysin,_the_sanatorium_and_Chaussy_in_winter,_Canton_of_Vaud,_Switzerland-LCCN2001703352.jpg
- **1890**, Purulia Leper Home and Hospital, Bihar, India: view of large hospital buildings with pillars: the men's hospital and the tuberculosis ward. Photograph, 1890/1920. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a341cee5-4f6c-4c64-9bfc-7662f09d7425) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/kbvwu8a8
- **1890**, Evolution and disease (1890). Plate from Evolution and disease, 1890 by Bland-Sutton, John, Sir (New York : Scribner & Welford). Osteological atlases and articulated skeletons are the reference against which every deformity and fracture in this archive was read. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/edb99bb8-f80f-40f8-a58b-ad3d73a557a9) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Evolution_and_disease_(1890)_(14764065265).jpg
### 1891
- **1891**, Amputation set, Europe, 1891-1910. Made from nickel and chrome plated steel, this set of surgical instruments includes a large amputation saw, amputation knives and hooks to remove blood clots. Joseph Lister published his method in The Lancet in 1867, arguing it through compound fracture, which is an orthopedic problem. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/493a8e55-4e77-45d9-bf24-91259acb322d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amputation_set,_Europe,_1891-1910_Wellcome_L0057842.jpg
### 1893
- **1893**, Human body, arteries and viscera, Persian, 1893. Anatomical illustration showing the arterial system and viscera. Anatomical atlases established the normal against which skeletal deformity was defined, and the great ones were as much publishing achievements as medical ones. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/57504f93-46b3-4fd4-93e7-9a4fefd72ce1) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_body,_arteries_and_viscera,_Persian,_1893_Wellcome_M0007243.jpg
### 1895
- **1895**, Bullet wound. Archives of the Roentgen ray. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. One of the earliest plates is the hand of his wife Anna Bertha Ludwig, with her ring visible. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e35d57b9-668b-4882-a6fb-adf5941dca02) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bullet_wound._Archives_of_the_Roentgen_ray_Wellcome_L0013668.jpg
- **1895**, Layers of tin foil, viewed under x-ray. Photoprint from radiograph by W.K. Röntgen, 1895.. (x-ray photographs) made by the German physicist, Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen (1845-1923). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c70ffceb-044f-42ca-856b-1d649165e62f) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/m52a6y7r
- **1895**, Unloading apparatus with leaden cage, viewed under x-ray. Photoprint from radiograph by W.K. Röntgen, 1895.. 's evidence to prove that x-rays, unlike cathode rays, are not deflected by a magnet The print is from one of the first radiographs (x-ray photographs) made by the German physicist, Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen (1845-1923). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/15ca5b97-c4b7-435f-ad2b-a3701373a5c8) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/xmycpq6q
- **1895**, A wire wound around a wooden spool, viewed through x-ray. Photoprint from radiograph by W.K. Röntgen, 1895.. (x-ray photographs) made by the German physicist, Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen (1845-1923). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/73bcbb01-a48c-43f1-b3c0-5165b24c78c4) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/b5dwctu2
- **1895**, Cardiff Sanatorium: a plaque recording its opening in 1895. Photograph, ca. 1895.. 8 August 1895, under the Health and Port Sanitary Committee of Cardiff; architect Wm. Tuberculosis of the spine and joints produced deformity, abscess, paralysis and long confinement. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5101de11-74ae-4659-99d6-6f5659955cba) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/rbbvqhrm
- **1895**, Cardiff Sanatorium. Photograph, ca. 1895.. (this catalogue no. 5i) on the verso of the same mount as the present photograph shows a metal plaque giving information about the institution: it is Cardiff Sanatorium, opened on 8 August 1895, under the Health and Port Sanitary Committee of Cardiff; architect Wm. Tuberculosis of the spine and joints produced deformity, abscess, paralysis and long confinement. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/34dae296-57aa-43eb-b0ed-01abb1cc7e13) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/akdxjb5t
- **1895**, Roentgen Strahlen 2 01. This is a scan of the historical document: Über eine neue Art von Strahlen (II. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/385aabd3-f6e5-4983-8e85-03370cfa024f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roentgen_Strahlen_2_01.jpg
- **1895**, Groepsportret van vijf jongens rond een rolstoel, RP-F-F21249. Wheeled chairs and invalid carriages are part of the orthopedic and disability record, and they document mobility as it was actually arranged rather than as it was prescribed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/327908cb-9a93-48f7-b67c-49fa1096b4e4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Groepsportret_van_vijf_jongens_rond_een_rolstoel,_RP-F-F21249.jpg
- **1895-11**, First medical X-ray by Wilhelm Röntgen of his wife Anna Bertha Ludwig's hand - 18951222. Hand mit Ringen (Hand with Rings): a print of one of the first X-rays by Wilhelm Röntgen (1845-1923) of the left hand of his wife Anna Bertha Ludwig. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cf14b854-3381-49d3-9fd7-61cf93504e58) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_medical_X-ray_by_Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen_of_his_wife_Anna_Bertha_Ludwig%27s_hand_-_18951222.jpg
### 1896
- **1896**, Hopital Laquintini-4993 11. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. The Vienna newspaper Die Presse carried the discovery on 5 January 1896 and the report already named the surgical application, that a surgeon could determine the extent of a complicated fracture without painful manual examination. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b8006df6-c335-4f16-9a1f-ecca2026bfe4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hopital_Laquintini-4993_11.jpg
- **1896**, Diagram of x-ray photography in 1896. Reproduction of a photograph published in Thompson, Edward, P: Roentgen rays and phenomena of the anode and cathode, New York : D. Van Nostrand, 1896. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/677866a6-d125-448c-a93d-b0597e2d5a2d) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/m7eewftb
- **1896**, The bones of a hand, with the tip of the index finger missing, viewed through x-ray. Photoprint from radiograph after Sir Arthur Schuster, 1896.. 1896 under the direction of the British physicist, Sir Arthur Schuster (1851-1934). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3189c327-0408-4bf6-9429-f4f9f89b192e) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/rf4xtsvb
- **1896**, Two hands, viewed through x-ray. Photoprint from radiograph after Sir Arthur Schuster, 1896.. 1896 under the direction of the British physicist, Sir Arthur Schuster (1851-1934). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4b59f555-fb2c-4052-9cb8-6fc0df8eb849) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/sgcpgvkh
- **1896**, A knee joint, viewed through x-ray. Photoprint from radiograph after Sir Arthur Schuster, 1896.. 1896 under the direction of the British physicist, Sir Arthur Schuster (1851-1934). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/808dd921-2b90-4e90-94df-022cb69e7a02) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/pxxwn6h4
- **1896**, The bones of a foot, viewed through x-ray. Photoprint from radiograph after Sir Arthur Schuster, 1896.. 1896 under the direction of the British physicist, Sir Arthur Schuster (1851-1934). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/73e33b9f-4521-41dd-8d43-58813dbbbee9) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/jjjrbyy9
- **1896**, The bones of a forearm, viewed through x-ray. Photoprint from radiograph after Sir Arthur Schuster, 1896.. 1896 under the direction of the British physicist, Sir Arthur Schuster (1851-1934). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9385b445-3030-4af4-a88c-f7f200bf315b) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/grbwqus3
- **1896**, The bones of the wrist, viewed through x-ray. Photoprint from radiograph after Sir Arthur Schuster, 1896.. 1896 under the direction of the British physicist, Sir Arthur Schuster (1851-1934). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e0689f71-08d9-4af3-8eb7-dd8e52125a16) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/f4x8ht6u
- **1896**, The bones of a hand, viewed through x-ray. Photoprint from radiograph after Sir Arthur Schuster, 1896.. 1896 under the direction of the British physicist, Sir Arthur Schuster (1851-1934). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e3dc6ee7-73db-4e56-91c6-004a8227de12) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/mxgchssu
- **1896**, The bones of an elbow joint, viewed through x-ray. Photoprint from radiograph after Sir Arthur Schuster, 1896.. 1896 under the direction of the British physicist, Sir Arthur Schuster (1851-1934). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/19cf7129-5ff3-484d-b858-a88b01f60b34) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ejpuqbgj
- **1896**, The bones of a hand and wrist, viewed through x-ray. Photoprint from radiograph after Sir Arthur Schuster, 1896.. 1896 under the direction of the British physicist, Sir Arthur Schuster (1851-1934). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/28848fa3-13c5-4682-9abc-0d57b62c467d) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/v62ucwtz
- **1896**, The bones of the radius and ulna, viewed through x-ray. Photoprint from radiograph after Sir Arthur Schuster, 1896.. 1896 under the direction of the British physicist, Sir Arthur Schuster (1851-1934). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/bb38e5a1-50fe-4f9a-bbcf-5f21c12c51e2) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ncn2vjrk
- **1896**, The bones in the joint of an elbow, viewed through x-ray. Photoprint from radiograph after Sir Arthur Schuster, 1896.. 1896 under the direction of the British physicist, Sir Arthur Schuster (1851-1934). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a5570278-c0a0-4c93-a8f6-0b232ba4a768) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/thu99mva
- **1896**, The bones of the ribs and vertebral column, viewed through x-ray. Photoprint from radiograph after Sir Arthur Schuster, 1896.. 1896 under the direction of the British physicist, Sir Arthur Schuster (1851-1934). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0ef4c2b1-8d7a-4cc1-be0d-9964d18f32c1) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/f6h6ttbm
- **1896**, Two views showing the new Rachitici institute and the surrounding woodland area of San Michele, Bologna, Italy. Wood engraving after a photograph by A. Belvederi, 1896.. Two views showing the new Rachitici institute and the surrounding woodland area of San Michele, Bologna, Italy. Wood engraving after a photograph. Belvederi, 1896. Rickets, nutritional vitamin D deficiency causing bone deformity, was historically associated with industrial cities, smoke and lack of sunlight and was known in Britain as the English disease. Cod liver oil, the identification of vitamin D and food fortification largely ended it in wealthy countries, and it has returned in some populations. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7d672300-d89d-4925-921e-5b7fad48d56f) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/pej4mw2v
- **1896**, Fracture of the lower end of the radius, called "Colles's fracture". Lithograph by Battle & Co.. 19 January 1896, with Edwin Brant Frost making the plate. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d821f3e2-8954-48ec-bb5e-46e12683ff99) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/fqspcjtx
### 1897
- **1897**, The X Rays (1897). The X Rays, a British film of 1897 held by the BFI National Archive. It was made barely a year after Röntgen's announcement, which is itself evidence of how fast the discovery entered public awareness. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/68e8d4db-1947-4ef3-b08b-de04601c7fde) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gMCkFRMJQQ
- **1897**, Two Geissler discharge tubes for experiments on the effects of cathode rays / M0015830: Early x-ray tube with convex cathode, anti-cathode and anode, c.1897. Photograph of two Geissler tubes and an early x-ray tube. Early x-ray tubes were gas tubes of the Crookes type, later displaced by the Coolidge hot-cathode tube. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b390cc1e-6c21-4787-a806-27f626728616) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/z2e428cf
- **1897**, Tri-State medical journal and practitioner (1897). Plate from Tri-State medical journal and practitioner, 1897 (St. Louis : (s.n.)). Nineteenth and early twentieth century operative atlases are heavily digitised and are literally instructional documents. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4809370a-0d30-4b6c-a25c-814d77963d3a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tri-State_medical_journal_and_practitioner_(1897)_(14778327705).jpg
- **1897**, A sailor setting the broken leg of another sailor after. Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cfeda69e-37f5-4f79-b56d-55567c691338) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_sailor_setting_the_broken_leg_of_another_sailor_after_an_a_Wellcome_V0016864.jpg
### 1898
- **1898**, Illustration of medieval surgical instruments from \<i\>Geschichte der Chirurgie und ihrer Ausübung...\</i\>. Illustration of medieval surgical instruments from Geschichte der Chirurgie und ihrer Ausübung... Photograph of an illustration from Gurlt, Ernst Julius, Geschichte der Chirurgie und ihrer Ausübung..., Berlin: August Hirschwald, 1898, p.648. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/90848ae4-f69e-457e-85a4-f78a452e17eb) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/n6uh3pke
- **1898**, Illustration of Al-Zahrawi's surgical instruments from \<i\>Geschichte der Chirurgie und ihrer Ausübung...\</i\>. Illustration of Al-Zahrawi's surgical instruments from Geschichte der Chirurgie und ihrer Ausübung... Photograph of an illustration from Gurlt, Ernst Julius, Geschichte der Chirurgie und ihrer Ausübung..., Berlin: August Hirschwald, 1898, p.648. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, latinised Albucasis, of Cordoba, wrote the thirty-volume Kitab al-Tasrif whose final surgical volume was illustrated with drawings of instruments. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/10e11a71-d9fd-4fdc-ad5e-b107d5158545) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ctrx4beq
### 1899
- **1899**, A disabled soldier has his wooden legs stolen by four Irishmen in a bar. Colour lithograph by H.G. Banks, ca. 1899.. "me" spent all their money drinking beer in a pub with an ex-Highland soldier called Patsy Callaghan, who had had his legs shot off from under his kilt when at war. The wooden leg is the commonest prosthesis in the historical visual record, and most surviving images of it are of working people rather than of clinical fittings. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a4af7f1a-bd69-4276-a348-42a301a989ec) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ff9r877g
- **1899**, Boer War: the sanatorium camp used during the siege of Kimberley. Process print after Bennett, 1899. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4c1eaa18-4700-4be0-98a5-3e0060f070f8) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ppfgh6k5
### 1900
- **1900**, X-ray of the hand of a healthy adult, c.1900. One of the earliest X-ray photographs to be made in the UK, from an original plate made by Sidney Rowland in 1896. Fracture and foreign-body localisation need no contrast medium, no injection and little interpretation training, which is why radiography was adopted for bone faster than for anything else. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9b859963-7ed9-4bae-a816-8b7471dae50e) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/u79wz42k
- **1900**, Surgeons examining a Mauser bullet in a man's chest via the use of an X-ray. Halftone, 1900, after W. Small.. 5 January 1896 and the report already named the surgical application, that a surgeon could determine the extent of a complicated fracture without painful manual examination. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/aaaf1e39-669c-42d9-aad7-47f75ae3c2d4) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/nygjy56j
- **1900**, Johan Messchaert Julius Röntgen Otto Böhler. Johan Messchaert (1857-1922) Julius Röntgen (1855-1932), silhouette 20 x 26 cm; photo of Böhler´s silhouette printed on thick card. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/59594bd7-3dc9-44bd-af88-360df638576a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Johan_Messchaert_Julius_R%C3%B6ntgen_Otto_B%C3%B6hler.jpg
- **1900**, Boer War: wounded soldiers waiting outside a field hospital for examination by the surgeon. Halftone after R. Thiele, c.1900.. 's greatest contribution to this field, and it begins with Larrey's flying ambulances. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a516143d-0e63-4df5-93c7-867af12db62d) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/tm7wuy6m
- **1900**, Boer War: wounded Boers are getting off a train, and one is being carried on a stretcher. Watercolour by G. Soper, ca. 1900.. 's greatest contribution to this field, and it begins with Larrey's flying ambulances. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/36a3df97-5290-4791-bcb8-66138706ba0b) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/b624z9m9
- **1900**, Boer War: wounded soldiers being lifted off a hospital ship and carried away on stretchers. Halftone, c. 1900, after F. de Haenen after J. Bruton.. 's greatest contribution to this field, and it begins with Larrey's flying ambulances. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/38471f34-0e16-4228-be1d-3926a648d6c2) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/s6k9hzf5
- **1900**, Boer War: an army surgeon at work on a battlefield where many lie injured. Halftone, c. 1900. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/addefcfe-147c-4cf6-ab75-c7ec61e28fe6) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/c5pyu4r8
- **1900**, Boer War: a military physician bandages a wounded man in the open air, others watch. Wash drawing with gouache by H.M. Paget after Reinhold Thiele, 1900. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6a1ee51d-81a2-4b5a-b3bb-e6c02d321680) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/nx89kxnf
- **1900**, Boer War: a military physician bandages a wounded man in the open air, others watch. Halftone after H.M. Paget after R. Thiele, 1900. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0dbdb5e3-a534-40d9-bf31-684da192aa40) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/guup4tya
- **1900**, Bandaging techniques for use in first aid. Lithograph, ca. 1900. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/302c9307-b8f7-41e0-8e61-2063a7644196) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/tkgfgfu5
- **1900**, The Barber Surgeons' Guild of Newcastle: surgical instruments in a display case bearing the Guild's coat of arms. Photograph, ca. 1900. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a1f9f7cf-f2f6-4a64-81e0-bfcd1c5011ec) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/nwe5yx7x
### 1901
- **1901**, A man sells a woman an artificial leg at national health service prices. Colour photomechanical reproduction of a lithograph by N. Dorville, c. 1901. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0253e990-4349-4dd3-941d-7c0458ff863c) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/kzfvya8s
- **1901**, Thomas-type leg splint, Europe, 1901-1920. Originally used for hip diseases, the Thomas-type splint was designed to keep the leg still if it was broken and could be used for single and multiple fractures. Hugh Owen Thomas came from a family of Welsh bonesetters and was trained in that tradition before qualifying medically. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/015a8123-4566-4967-89db-403dd7e107b9) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas-type_leg_splint,_Europe,_1901-1920_Wellcome_L0057928.jpg
- **1901**, Copy of a Roman surgical instrument set, Europe, 1901-1932. This replica surgical instrument set contains a probe, a combined probe and scoop and tweezers, which fit into a cylindrical case. Roman surgical instruments survive in quantity, notably from Pompeii and Herculaneum, and they show a level of specialisation that was not matched again in Europe for centuries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a2db93b1-ae03-4a1c-904f-10fdaa9fd133) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Copy_of_a_Roman_surgical_instrument_set,_Europe,_1901-1932_Wellcome_L0057612.jpg
### 1902
- **1902**, Apparatus and stretcher for x-ray therapy in 1902. Reproduction of a photograph published in Thompson, Edward, P: Roentgen rays and phenomena of the anode and cathode, New York : D. Van Nostrand, 1896. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5b56c9c0-d0ce-44d2-8197-d5a61737abc0) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/x3cgzm9y
- **1902**, Holder for X-ray tube, 1902. Reproduction of a photograph of a holder for an x-ray tube coated with many layers of white paint, one of the very few to give some protection from the danger of x-rays to operator and patient. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8243d0b4-df72-45bc-bda0-a0450e945141) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ncefsz6p
- **1902**, X-ray therapy in 1902: the patient on a couch and a shield round the tube - an unusual precaution at that time. Reproduction of a photograph published in Williams, Francis H: The Roentgen rays in medicine and surgery as an aid in diagnosis and as a therapeutic agent designed for the use of practitioners and students, New York : Macmillan, 1902. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e1978a32-4f11-4427-b65c-8435db5dba63) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/tn9kt6zq
- **1902**, Holder for X-ray tube in closed position. Photograph reproduced in Williams, Francis H: The Roentgen rays in medicine and surgery as an aid in diagnosis and as a therapeutic agent designed for the use of practitioners and students, New York : Macmillan, 1902. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/24203dd2-2bb2-4b14-8156-59f4c77faddb) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/b3fdtmfx
### 1903
- **1903**, Diagram made from x-ray of a patient diagnosed with tuberculosis.. 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2e297230-ff34-49cf-bd78-f65251742473) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/x8jjqe7e
- **1903**, The Roentgen rays in medicine and surgery as an aid in diagnosis and as a therapeutic agent; designed for the use of practitioners and students (1903). Plate from The Roentgen rays in medicine and surgery as an aid in diagnosis and as a therapeutic agent; designed for the use of practitioners and students, 1903 by Williams, Francis H. (Francis Henry) (New York : The Macmillan Company London, Macmillan & Co., lt). Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/311201a6-bc49-4751-add9-6f7a8be7d1f6) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Roentgen_rays_in_medicine_and_surgery_as_an_aid_in_diagnosis_and_as_a_therapeutic_agent;_designed_for_the_use_of_practitioners_and_students_(1903)_(14571657240).jpg
- **1903**, "Roller Chair approved and adopted as the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Special. T.D Jackson, Concessionaire." (Roller chair used at the 1904 World's Fair). Title: "Roller Chair approved and adopted as the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Special. Polio paralysis was responsible for more orthopedic cases than any other disease or condition of its era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/430ea626-16d3-4d5e-a40c-50a38ccabd55) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%22Roller_Chair_approved_and_adopted_as_the_Louisiana_Purchase_Exposition_Special._T.D_Jackson,_Concessionaire.%22_(Roller_chair_used_at_the_1904_World%27s_Fair).jpg
### 1904
- **1904**, Russo-Japanese War: taking wounded men on stretchers off the hospital ship "Kobe Maru". Pen and ink drawing by H. Johnson, 1904.. 's greatest contribution to this field, and it begins with Larrey's flying ambulances. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f6440391-b7a4-4a3b-b7dd-cdab5356167e) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/kjxn42jk
- **1904**, Russo-Japanese War: soldiers carrying wounded men on a stretcher. Collotype, c. 1904.. 's greatest contribution to this field, and it begins with Larrey's flying ambulances. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6844ef4d-c495-4a27-9bd0-875ed02bb472) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/z4npe32h
- **1904**, Russo-Japanese War: soldiers bringing the wounded on foot and stretcher through Kaiping, China. Collotype, c. 1904.. 's greatest contribution to this field, and it begins with Larrey's flying ambulances. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6c21ecca-4dae-400e-b67c-a040a9bf6c2f) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/vcu5w5nf
- **1904**, Russo-Japanese War: the Russian tsar visits an admiral in hospital; the admiral's head appears as a bandaged ship. Coloured woodcut, 1904.. 1904-05 over conflicting claims to sovereignty in parts of east Asia. Splinting and bandaging to immobilise a fracture is attested for at least three thousand years, in Egyptian, Greek, Indian and Chinese practice alike, long before the word orthopaedics existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/85237212-06d6-4ab3-9123-def6a33b819e) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/fgbwywmb
- **1904**, Russo-Japanese War: rows of women in a large warehouse making bandages for the wounded Japanese. Pen and ink drawing, 1904. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e9e215e2-071d-4ee2-8bd6-a3ac4ce4b1ad) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/q4fkb5ag
### 1905
- **1905**, A girl with tuberculosis appealing for funds for a sanatorium for tuberculous children in Zürich. Colour lithograph after H.C. Ulrich, 1905. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/730823da-b802-459b-92f9-52441b5e5fa7) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/r5qrf86d
- **1905**, The life of Florence Nightingale (1905). Plate from The life of Florence Nightingale, 1905 by Tooley, Sarah. Southall (New York : The Macmillan Company London : S. H. Bousfield & ). Florence Nightingale brought sanitation and statistics to military medicine in the Crimean War, including her polar area diagrams. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/fe9562f5-6439-4fd7-a9f3-e70ade4add7b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_life_of_Florence_Nightingale_(1905)_(14593535199).jpg
- **1905**, Johannesburg Hospital, South Africa: man in heavy apron, face mask and glove, possibly holding x-ray plate, standing aside seated male. Photograph, c. 1905.. 5 January 1896 and the report already named the surgical application, that a surgeon could determine the extent of a complicated fracture without painful manual examination. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/02173c2c-e8a3-4711-a803-737aacb43e57) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/eh86xe87
- **1905**, The Japanese army surgeon in his element : first aid to the wounded in the Manchurian battlefield / Photo-Nouvelles Agency.. (12 August 1905?) showing workers from "the Japanese Army Surgical Department at a first-aid station in the field, where surgeons are doing what they can... War has repeatedly acted as an accelerator and a systematiser of orthopedic practice and a builder of institutions, but the science that made those advances possible was overwhelmingly civilian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/28f10df7-ef5b-47ce-a32e-087029ae836d) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/x22eyt6n
- **1905**, Johannesburg Hospital, South Africa: hospital ward with male patients, many with bandaged heads. Photograph, c. 1905. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/76d2eca7-60d9-4d62-af14-5f9cc9eeca48) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/mndeb5ff
### 1906
- **1906**, Charing Cross Hospital: a portrait of house surgeons. Photograph, 1906. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9d9ebc7c-f48b-416b-b0e5-f57a0737b5ff) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/daunezh2
- **1906**, Holloway Sanatorium, Virginia Water, Surrey: aerial view showing the new male wing. Photolithograph, 1906. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/238e2915-b687-4342-a848-de4f6b35adbe) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/er5zghq6
- **1906**, Caricatured men of various sizes are sitting on chairs watch. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. One of the earliest plates is the hand of his wife Anna Bertha Ludwig, with her ring visible. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d55e71e8-db1c-4efd-a35e-d35f4cf3dbe5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caricatured_men_of_various_sizes_are_sitting_on_chairs_watch_Wellcome_V0006866.jpg
- **1906**, Medicina Árabe I (c. 1906) - Veloso Salgado (Sala dos Actos, FCM-UNL). "Arabic Medicine" (c. 1906), by Veloso Salgado. Orthopedic surgery is consistently reported as the least gender-diverse of the major surgical specialties in the United States and United Kingdom. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/67823343-e1c3-4041-b79b-d820875f67b1) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medicina_%C3%81rabe_I_(c._1906)_-_Veloso_Salgado_(Sala_dos_Actos,_FCM-UNL).png
### 1907
- **1907**, The Ceratopsia (1907). Plate from The Ceratopsia Identifier: ceratopsia00hatc (find matches), 1907 by Hatcher, J. B. (John Bell); Lull, Richard Swann; Osborn, Henry Fairfield; Marsh, Othniel Charles (Washington, Govt. The modern prosthetics story is heavily marketed and heavily inspirational in tone. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/dfdec530-e20c-4bdb-b670-8a15ee1c6d92) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Ceratopsia_(1907)_(20595714461).jpg
- **1907**, King Edward VII Sanatorium, Midhurst, Sussex: nurses and medical staff (?) about to dine. Photograph, 1907. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7b9894b6-5d62-4b20-a1a4-d70963434654) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ff4v6ht4
- **1907**, A practical treatise on fractures and dislocations (1907). Plate from A practical treatise on fractures and dislocations, 1907 by Stimson, Lewis Atterbury (New York Philadelphia : Lea brothers :). Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/38f83967-f723-4e74-b2a1-0df7858ee1d4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_practical_treatise_on_fractures_and_dislocations_(1907)_(14764501711).jpg
### 1908
- **1908**, Queen Alexandra's Hospital for Children with Hip Disease, Queen Square, Holborn: the interior of a ward, with a teacher giving a gymnastics lesson. Photogravure after A. Forestier, 1908.. Queen Alexandra's Hospital for Children with Hip Disease, Queen Square, Holborn: the interior of a ward, with a teacher giving a gymnastics lesson. Photogravure after. Forestier, 1908. This scene is presumably in the hospital building in Queen Square, built 1899, disused by 1952 (Pevsner). Long wards of children in frames are the characteristic institutional image of orthopedics for the first two thirds of the twentieth century, when the caseload was polio and skeletal tuberculosis. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5ec81575-3476-4a57-8d45-861b12655541) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dqge27pb
### 1910
- **1910**, St Marylebone Infirmary, London: ward with nurses and patients. Photograph, 1910. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/bcf2319d-931b-4200-a581-599144c9db18) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dzcwt6kj
- **1910**, Mount Alto Sanatorium: the infirmary, Franklin County, Pennsylvania. Photographic postcard, ca. 1910. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/19d8df94-fb59-4894-9dcb-0c5bb57fab70) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/tnzwdm3m
- **1910**, The illustrated London news, no. 3720, vol. CXXXVII Saturday, August 6, 1910 : The cabinet that saves the operator from the evils of x-rays: the King looking at a patient under the x-rays at the Londo. / drawn by S. Begg. Cover of the Illustrated London news for 6 August 1910 showing King George V visiting the London Hospital, viewing a radiotherapy session behind leaded glass - following the deaths of Dr. F. S. Pepperdene and Mr. Cox. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/64fc6283-a26d-4aac-941a-7a535e1d7528) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/xzcumgnx
- **1910**, X-ray tube suitable for treatment or radiograph with light currents. Photograph of an x-ray tube inscribed "Cox's Record Regulating tube", from c.1910. Early x-ray tubes were gas tubes of the Crookes type, later displaced by the Coolidge hot-cathode tube. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cbcb9a99-25db-4835-b7fd-4ccac4787963) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/r43u8x65
- **1910**, Living anatomy and pathology; (1910). Plate from Living anatomy and pathology;, 1910 by Rotch, Thomas Morgan (Philadelphia London, J. B. Lippincott company). Long wards of children in frames are the characteristic institutional image of orthopedics for the first two thirds of the twentieth century, when the caseload was polio and skeletal tuberculosis. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7f474a07-9392-47a6-990e-e24ba2792a75) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Living_anatomy_and_pathology;_(1910)_(14571571509).jpg
- **1910**, World War I: two men carrying a stretcher among the trenches in France. Wash drawing by D. Lindsay, ca. 191-.. 's greatest contribution to this field, and it begins with Larrey's flying ambulances. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e4639faf-9222-429a-b0e1-f8ca1ded1886) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/vdpj737c
- **1910**, Bulletin of the Warren Anatomical Museum (1910). Plate from Bulletin of the Warren Anatomical Museum, 1910 by Harvard Medical School Whitney, William F (Boston : (Harvard Medical School)). Anatomical atlases established the normal against which skeletal deformity was defined, and the great ones were as much publishing achievements as medical ones. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a14007ab-915b-4805-82b2-eb74f4f51c3b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bulletin_of_the_Warren_Anatomical_Museum_(1910)_(14740156466).jpg
### 1912
- **1912**, Skull with trephination hole from the cave of Nogert-les-vierges. Photograph of a human skull from the Neolithic period, published in Lucas-Championnière, Just: Trepanation neolithique, trepanation pre-Colombienne, trepanation des Kabyles, trepantion traditionnelle, Paris : G. Steinheil, 1912. Trepanation, the cutting of an opening in the skull, is among the oldest operations for which there is physical evidence, and trepanned skulls with healed margins survive in museum collections worldwide, showing that people lived afterwards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d578da8f-5b1d-4d11-860e-7528e08ad86d) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/eyvhr5kc
- **1912**, Trephined skull, Neolithic period. Reproduction of a photograph of a trephined skull from a person from the Neolithic period. Trepanation, the cutting of an opening in the skull, is among the oldest operations for which there is physical evidence, and trepanned skulls with healed margins survive in museum collections worldwide, showing that people lived afterwards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/51d785d5-c3f5-47ef-bea7-73daad562942) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/jwqn3584
### 1913
- **1913**, Koloman Moser Dents du Midi. "Dents du Midi", vom Sanatorium Les Chamois in Leysin aus gesehen, um 1913, monogrammiert KM, rückseitig auf Keilrahmen und verblasst auf Leinwand zweimal querrechteckiger Stempel "NACHLASS KOLOMAN MOSER", in schwarzem Pinsel Nachlass-Nr. Auguste Rollier at Leysin in Switzerland is the central figure in sun therapy for surgical tuberculosis, from around 1903. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0c97ad34-4ff1-4b2c-976a-9a8bd1695889) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Koloman_Moser_Dents_du_Midi.jpg
### 1914
- **1914**, Bone plate, Europe, 1914-1918. Bone plates are used to support fractures and encourage them to heal in proper alignment. Plates and screws were used from the late nineteenth century onward. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/97030fa5-d436-4c24-9829-12921a741fe2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bone_plate,_Europe,_1914-1918_Wellcome_L0057817.jpg
- **1914**, Diseases of bones and joints (1914). Plate from Diseases of bones and joints, 1914 by Ely, Leonard Wheeler (New York : Surgery Publishing Company). Nineteenth and early twentieth century operative atlases are heavily digitised and are literally instructional documents. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/bfdc6bb6-6b1f-45f6-9732-1cda0a91cdc7) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diseases_of_bones_and_joints_(1914)_(14757615692).jpg
- **1914**, THE WOMEN'S HOSPITAL CORPS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR HU90880. Priority for anaesthesia is a textbook dispute. Crawford Long used ether in Georgia in 1842 but published late, Horace Wells demonstrated nitrous oxide unsuccessfully in 1844, William T.G. Morton gave the public ether demonstration at the Massachusetts General Hospital on 16 October 1846, Charles Jackson claimed priority against Morton, and James Young Simpson introduced chloroform in 1847. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/55bedb9c-18db-40d3-8def-a98fcdf38514) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:THE_WOMEN%27S_HOSPITAL_CORPS_DURING_THE_FIRST_WORLD_WAR_HU90880.jpg
- **1914**, Canvas and leather first aid case, Germany, 1914-1918. Filled with bandages and wooden splints, this canvas and leather first aid case was used by the German Army during the First World War. Splinting and bandaging to immobilise a fracture is attested for at least three thousand years, in Egyptian, Greek, Indian and Chinese practice alike, long before the word orthopaedics existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/39207d59-aae3-40b8-8c0c-a580bf4bbc4d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Canvas_and_leather_first_aid_case,_Germany,_1914-1918_Wellcome_L0058885.jpg
- **1914**, Padded left boot with leg splint, Rome, Italy, 1914-1918. Splints are rigid pieces of metal, wood or plastic used to keep a limb still after it has been injured, broken or sprained. Splinting and bandaging to immobilise a fracture is attested for at least three thousand years, in Egyptian, Greek, Indian and Chinese practice alike, long before the word orthopaedics existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/48ea45f0-a443-4a95-817b-ad0e823ef4f2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Padded_left_boot_with_leg_splint,_Rome,_Italy,_1914-1918_Wellcome_L0058820.jpg
### 1915
- **1915**, Turner-type knee splint, London, England, 1915-1918. This leather and steel splint was made at the Military Orthopaedic Hospital in Shepherds Bush, London. Splinting and bandaging to immobilise a fracture is attested for at least three thousand years, in Egyptian, Greek, Indian and Chinese practice alike, long before the word orthopaedics existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2a177b24-e27c-4da1-9f2f-989348fbf7e1) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Turner-type_knee_splint,_London,_England,_1915-1918_Wellcome_L0058817.jpg
- **1915**, X-ray tube, common type. Photograph of an x-ray tube from c.1915 inscribed "Instanta Tube, Macalister-Wiggin pattern, sole British Manufacturers Newton and Wright". Early x-ray tubes were gas tubes of the Crookes type, later displaced by the Coolidge hot-cathode tube. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8d8d58de-870a-4f00-bf30-b1f905038b31) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/rtr7hewj
- **1915**, X-ray valve tube, common type in blue glass. Photograph of an x-ray valve tube inscribed "Made in England by Cuthbert Andrews", from c.1915. Early x-ray tubes were gas tubes of the Crookes type, later displaced by the Coolidge hot-cathode tube. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cdae18da-f360-4018-b14d-771b22e5c7df) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/p5m2khxt
- **1915**, Metal leg splint, Europe, 1915-1918. Splints are rigid pieces of metal, wood or plastic used to keep a limb still after it has been injured, broken or sprained. Splinting and bandaging to immobilise a fracture is attested for at least three thousand years, in Egyptian, Greek, Indian and Chinese practice alike, long before the word orthopaedics existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/fff6ad5b-cd7a-49ef-a937-879839f09645) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Metal_leg_splint,_Europe,_1915-1918_Wellcome_L0057929.jpg
- **1915**, Support of torso and left arm, Shepherd's Bush, London, Engl. Covering the upper body and left arm, this leather and steel support was used at the Military Orthopaedic Hospital in Shepherds Bush, London. Sir Robert Jones, Hugh Owen Thomas's nephew and pupil, was the pivotal organiser of British orthopedics. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f0037916-7d6c-45b5-872b-edaf9273b3eb) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Support_of_torso_and_left_arm,_Shepherd%27s_Bush,_London,_Engl_Wellcome_L0058814.jpg
- **1915**, Knee support, steel and leather made by patients at the Mili. Polio paralysis was responsible for more orthopedic cases than any other disease or condition of its era. For roughly the first two thirds of the twentieth century the visual and institutional identity of orthopedics in Europe and North America was paediatric, non-operative and long-stay. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/53e25ca0-cd06-44a2-80ad-142787e81f43) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Knee_support,_steel_and_leather_made_by_patients_at_the_Mili_Wellcome_L0058816.jpg
### 1916
- **1916**, Amputees Learn To Use Artificial Limbs (1916). British Pathé film of 1916 showing amputees learning to use artificial limbs. Roehampton, at Queen Mary's Hospital, became the centre of British wartime limb fitting. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6c552cd1-bb35-4524-a115-0682858aed1e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=podaaHJIV1Q
- **1916**, The Battle of the Somme: Dressing station,. Imperial War Museums footage of a dressing station from The Battle of the Somme. The 1916 film is one of the earliest widely seen moving images of battlefield casualties. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f253fea6-19ac-48f8-bf0e-704c45249e7d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsz0-8-qAi8
- **1916**, Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, 1916, Volume 2, Plate 0124. Osteological atlases and articulated skeletons are the reference against which every deformity and fracture in this archive was read. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/37cde2ff-5a37-4450-b47a-7a6763e4268e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sanborn_Fire_Insurance_Map_from_Philadelphia,_Philadelphia_County,_Pennsylvania,_1916,_Volume_2,_Plate_0124.jpg
### 1917
- **1917**, Medical Department - Restoration Work - Reconstruction - American workmen make new limbs for British Tommies at the Roehampton hospital workshops near London. Scope and content: Original Caption: American workmen make new limbs for British Tommies at the Roehampton hospital workshops near London. Queen Mary's Hospital at Roehampton is the anchor of state limb-fitting at scale in Britain after the First World War, and of rehabilitation as a system. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4e42cf43-2caf-46ec-9f77-4781119a967a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medical_Department_-_Restoration_Work_-_Reconstruction_-_American_workmen_make_new_limbs_for_British_Tommies_at_the_Roehampton_hospital_workshops_near_London_-_NARA_-_45498719.jpg
- **1917**, Medical Department - Restoration Work - Apparatus - American workmen make new limbs for British Tommies at Roehampton (London) hospital and workshops. The Artificial limb expert, J.A. Swaine, of India. (...). Queen Mary's Hospital at Roehampton is the anchor of state limb-fitting at scale in Britain after the First World War, and of rehabilitation as a system. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/74104605-1219-463e-bc36-728bfb0e7b5e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medical_Department_-_Restoration_Work_-_Apparatus_-_American_workmen_make_new_limbs_for_British_Tommies_at_Roehampton_(London)_hospital_and_workshops._The_Artificial_limb_expert,_J.A._Swaine,_of_Indianapolis,_sho(...)_-_NARA_-_45498301.jpg
- **1917**, Medical Department - Restoration Work - Reconstruction - American workmen make new limbs for British Tommies at the Roehampton hospital workshops near London. On the left M.V. Bonila of Kansas City, M. (...). Queen Mary's Hospital at Roehampton is the anchor of state limb-fitting at scale in Britain after the First World War, and of rehabilitation as a system. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cc697db1-1632-4cd7-9dfc-aa81afa51ff2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medical_Department_-_Restoration_Work_-_Reconstruction_-_American_workmen_make_new_limbs_for_British_Tommies_at_the_Roehampton_hospital_workshops_near_London._On_the_left_M.V._Bonila_of_Kansas_City,_Missouri,_dem(...)_-_NARA_-_45498717.jpg
- **1917**, Disabled Veterans Learn Trades (1914-1918). British Pathé footage from the First World War of disabled veterans learning trades. Retraining programmes were framed as returning men to productive work rather than as care. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8e1dbbe4-2df4-4d07-ab9c-df26a3d18bac) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcvTckDIn1A
- **1917**, Medical Department - First Aid - In Theatre of Operations - Wounded American soldiers arriving at a base hospital in France. Scope and content: Date Taken: 5/1/1918 Photographer: Kadell and Herbert. War has repeatedly acted as an accelerator and a systematiser of orthopedic practice and a builder of institutions, but the science that made those advances possible was overwhelmingly civilian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c57058a4-e311-46aa-acf6-29a0f6c8d48b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medical_Department_-_First_Aid_-_In_Theatre_of_Operations_-_Wounded_American_soldiers_arriving_at_a_base_hospital_in_France_-_NARA_-_45493940.jpg
- **1917**, Annals of medical history (1917). Plate from Annals of medical history, 1917 by Packard, Francis R. (Francis Randolph) (New York P.B. Hoeber). Osteological atlases and articulated skeletons are the reference against which every deformity and fracture in this archive was read. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3d65ffdc-b732-4fb2-8e1c-2fcff8f01a70) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Annals_of_medical_history_(1917)_(14779360404).jpg
- **1917**, British medical journal (1917). Plate from British medical journal, 1857 by British Medical Association (London British Medical Association). Polio paralysis was responsible for more orthopedic cases than any other disease or condition of its era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7861c455-2463-4e48-bc40-a58f648a6c69) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:British_medical_journal_(1917)_(14594863360).jpg
- **1917**, Pocket set of twelve surgical instruments, 16th century. Photograph of a 16th century pocket set of surgical instruments mounted for display by the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/eb1b0200-19fe-4a12-b8c0-7bd02cc56b3c) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/crt6z9fv
### 1918
- **1918**, Maryland medical journal (1918). Plate from Maryland medical journal, 1918 ((Baltimore, Md. Nineteenth and early twentieth century operative atlases are heavily digitised and are literally instructional documents. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/bfa0bc42-cff9-4c16-992d-543f08f5e01a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maryland_medical_journal_(1918)_(14597038338).jpg
- **1918**, Prosthetics being fitted to a wounded WW1 soldier in 1918. Footage of a prosthesis being fitted to a wounded soldier in 1918. Limb fitting in the last year of the war was already an industrial-scale operation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ec4cd42c-96f4-4c9a-9f2d-6eaea620451f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YezXtqyJuQ8
### 1919
- **1919**, Indian Army Wounded in Hospital in the Dome, Brighton Art.IWMART323. Long wards of children in frames are the characteristic institutional image of orthopedics for the first two thirds of the twentieth century, when the caseload was polio and skeletal tuberculosis. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4fa9031a-8b49-43b1-8375-c44109b7205d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Army_Wounded_in_Hospital_in_the_Dome,_Brighton_Art.IWMART323.jpg
### 1920
- **1920**, Tuberculosis, Healing of the Hills: Stony Wold Sanatorium (1920). Film of 1920 on Stony Wold Sanatorium. Open-air treatment and heliotherapy governed sanatorium architecture, with balconies and outdoor wards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ac702f80-5347-44f6-87be-75479dfd2402) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=euTQ8hsGwBc
- **1920**, Liston-type amputation knife, London, England, 1920-1930. Robert Liston (1797-1847), a Scottish surgeon renowned for his speed and precision in surgery, invented this double edged amputation knife. Long wards of children in frames are the characteristic institutional image of orthopedics for the first two thirds of the twentieth century, when the caseload was polio and skeletal tuberculosis. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b078d102-8d75-4ad3-afdd-51296c145191) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Liston-type_amputation_knife,_London,_England,_1920-1930_Wellcome_L0057711.jpg
### 1921
- **1921**, Artificial Arms (1921). British Pathé film of 1921 on artificial arms. Upper limb prosthetics lagged behind legs in function and in acceptance by users. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0269a22e-ba24-45b7-be25-6445b7bbfe35) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihh9EluajBY
- **1921**, Vertebrae from a skeleton showing spondylitis deformans, from Ruffer: \<i\>Studies in the Palaeopathology of Egypt\</i\> (1921). Vertebrae from a skeleton showing spondylitis deformans, from Ruffer: Studies in the Palaeopathology of Egypt (1921). Reproduction of a photograph of vertebrae from a skeleton of the 3rd Dynasty showing spondylitis deformans, published in Ruffer, Sir Marc Armand: Studies in the Palaeopathology of Egypt, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1921. Osteological atlases and articulated skeletons are the reference against which every deformity and fracture in this archive was read. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/092bbd51-4688-40ac-8a67-733e2035434d) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/s7qr38ky
### 1922
- **1922**, Journal of radiology (1922). Plate from Journal of radiology, 1922 by Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology and Physiotherapy (Omaha, Neb., : (Radiological Pub. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/34c25887-b6e7-43b7-91af-c6432b717371) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Journal_of_radiology_(1922)_(14571746919).jpg
### 1924
- **1924**, A hospital ward (acute surgical?), Newcastle: nursing and medical staff group portrait, April 1924. Copy photograph after the 1924 original. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/09ffd95f-247d-4c3d-b141-9b36668297f5) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/h9gv7um7
### 1925
- **1925**, Model of a Morell-type tourniquet, London, England, 1925-193. This is one of the first examples of a tourniquet. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5c6364f6-d684-42e0-9eba-fd57b370245d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Model_of_a_Morell-type_tourniquet,_London,_England,_1925-193_Wellcome_L0057847.jpg
### 1927
- **1927**, Sanatorium Universitaire International Leysin Hs 0562-0036-006. Auguste Rollier at Leysin in Switzerland is the central figure in sun therapy for surgical tuberculosis, from around 1903. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a1da31ab-755e-4383-bd9c-cd84698cbe1b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sanatorium_Universitaire_International_Leysin_Hs_0562-0036-006.jpg
### 1928
- **1928**, Human left femur, Tell Fara, Palestine, 100 BCE-200 CE. عظم الفخذ هو العظم الذي يصل مفاصل الورك والركبة. Osteological atlases and articulated skeletons are the reference against which every deformity and fracture in this archive was read. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c572b542-0d79-4df0-9eee-652a6932daca) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_left_femur,_Tell_Fara,_Palestine,_100_BCE-200_CE_Wellcome_L0057387.jpg
### 1930
- **1930**, The Story of Warm Springs, F.D.R.'s Polio Retreat- 1930 Documentary \| 16mm Scan. A 1930 documentary on Warm Springs, Georgia, scanned from 16mm. Roosevelt bought the resort in 1926 and turned it into a polio rehabilitation centre. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7d5e7a4d-41b9-4ace-8989-8cde81b7734b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAg9Vi7SKQ4
- **1930**, Wellcome Historical Musem exhibition "Electricity in the Service of Medicine": x-ray unit. Photograph of a Siemens x-ray unit, 1930, from the exhibition "Electricity in the Service of Medicine" which opened at 183 Euston Road in December 1956. Early x-ray tubes were gas tubes of the Crookes type, later displaced by the Coolidge hot-cathode tube. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6aedb237-274f-426a-9040-e0e2176fe874) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/z7d2h6de
- **1930**, Surgical instruments, Roman, 199 BCE-500 CE. These bronze surgical instruments have been fused together probably by the intense heat of a fire. Roman surgical instruments survive in quantity, notably from Pompeii and Herculaneum, and they show a level of specialisation that was not matched again in Europe for centuries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/86ef73c4-bfe9-4d06-a65d-e7d79396094c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Surgical_instruments,_Roman,_199_BCE-500_CE_Wellcome_L0057466.jpg
- **1930**, Bronze retractor, Roman, 1-100 CE. Retractors are surgical instruments designed to hold back muscles or skin during operations including limb amputations. Roman surgical instruments survive in quantity, notably from Pompeii and Herculaneum, and they show a level of specialisation that was not matched again in Europe for centuries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/82c310d2-397e-4d26-a468-2bb988a220f6) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bronze_retractor,_Roman,_1-100_CE_Wellcome_L0057467.jpg
### 1931
- **1931**, X-ray of a spine showing lesions from a woman from a pre-dynastic burial, Egypt. Plate IV from Moodie, Roy: Roentgenologic studies of Egyptian and Peruvian mummies, Chicago, 1931. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a91e324f-239b-415f-b655-526b430104ab) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/mcbpz3pc
### 1933
- **1933**, A skull with surgical bandage, side view. Photograph of a print publication of a side view of a skull found intact with a cotton surgical bandage around it, of Native American origin. Splinting and bandaging to immobilise a fracture is attested for at least three thousand years, in Egyptian, Greek, Indian and Chinese practice alike, long before the word orthopaedics existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2d7f5f3c-bb7a-459a-85ec-0a9b3cf1a94e) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/yahqsr6m
### 1934
- **1934**, Albucasis blistering a patient in the hospital at Cordova.. (Al-Zahwari) blistering a patient in the hospital at Cordova, 1100 AD. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, latinised Albucasis, of Cordoba, wrote the thirty-volume Kitab al-Tasrif whose final surgical volume was illustrated with drawings of instruments. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b622ad82-50ba-49f1-b600-affcb7f7905b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Albucasis_blistering_a_patient_in_the_hospital_at_Cordova._Wellcome_L0015000.jpg
### 1935
- **1935**, Tuberculosis medical care in a village settlement - Film 16119. Archive film of tuberculosis care in a village settlement. Settlement and colony models kept patients in institutions for years. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5a2bfdf5-efde-472f-8377-4987aad2ea23) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hcdlmo7wQ8U
- **1935**, FDR at Warm Springs. Footage of Roosevelt at Warm Springs. He bought the property in 1926 and it became the centre of American polio rehabilitation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3f061022-9ff4-4530-b07d-09f5e53be7be) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jM6ctsEY9Aw
### 1936
- **1936**, Skulls from Tel el Duweir. One of the group of 500 skulls from the late 8th Century deposit of human remains which filled the 18th dynasty chamber. Trepanation, the cutting of an opening in the skull, is among the oldest operations for which there is physical evidence, and trepanned skulls with healed margins survive in museum collections worldwide, showing that people lived afterwards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1ecb2ef4-61f2-4685-97d4-0c4d2c53e436) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skulls_from_Tel_el_Duweir_Wellcome_M0013026.jpg
### 1939
- **1939**, Fred Snite Jr. in an iron lung arrives home to enter a hospital for infantile par...HD Stock Footage. Footage of Fred Snite Jr arriving home in an iron lung. Snite lived in the machine for eighteen years and became a widely reported public figure. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c507c0e1-df40-47b7-85f8-b24159b76a72) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eh-H7GclqB0
- **1939**, Kuntscher. Küntscherův nitrodřeňový hřeb historicky používaný pro syntézu fraktur femuru. Gerhard Kuntscher introduced intramedullary nailing in Germany from around 1939 to 1940. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c57e6526-157a-4bcb-858e-c3768abbe079) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kuntscher.jpg
- **1939**, Illustration of Thomas's splint drill. Reproduction of an illustration published in Mitchiner, Philip H.: Medical organization and surgical practice in air raids, London : Churchill, 1939. Hugh Owen Thomas designed the splint and published on it in 1875. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2b7103e6-13c3-48a1-8953-ab01ca9eca59) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/aaygbt38
- **1939**, Illustration of the application of Thomas's splint, for fractures of the femur and leg bones. Reproduction of an illustration published in Mitchiner, Philip H.: Medical organization and surgical practice in air raids, London : Churchill, 1939. Hugh Owen Thomas designed the splint and published on it in 1875. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/dba391f6-d8a4-47b5-b861-19044663c327) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/e3pdtmr5
- **1939**, Six skulls showing trephination, Peru. Reproduction of photographs published in Harcourt, Raoul: La medecine dans l'ancien Perou, Paris : Libr. Trepanation, the cutting of an opening in the skull, is among the oldest operations for which there is physical evidence, and trepanned skulls with healed margins survive in museum collections worldwide, showing that people lived afterwards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f74b3729-f81a-4cc2-ab58-79bd230bf13c) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ebatstet
- **1939**, Illustration of an implement with a handle decorated to show trephination taking place. Illustration published in Harcourt, Raoul: La medecine dans l'ancien Perou, Paris : Libr. Trepanation, the cutting of an opening in the skull, is among the oldest operations for which there is physical evidence, and trepanned skulls with healed margins survive in museum collections worldwide, showing that people lived afterwards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/718dca1b-b0a1-4d7f-90a6-49e09e1a5a84) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/kgug7xrm
### 1940
- **1940**, Poster issued by the British Ministry of Health. Polio paralysis was responsible for more orthopedic cases than any other disease or condition of its era. For roughly the first two thirds of the twentieth century the visual and institutional identity of orthopedics in Europe and North America was paediatric, non-operative and long-stay. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7611e512-3cc1-482c-a8a6-8b4a55490428) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poster_issued_by_the_British_Ministry_of_Health_for_the_Wellcome_V0047886.jpg
- **1940**, “GOODBYE, MR. GERM” 1940 TUBERCULOSIS DISEASE PREVENTION PUBLIC HEALTH FILM EDWARD ULLMER XD60904. Goodbye, Mr Germ, a tuberculosis prevention film of 1940. Skeletal tuberculosis, including Pott's disease of the spine, was a major orthopedic caseload before antibiotics. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/fefe9deb-cc8e-49f0-8810-a7b63af679d2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abl5tcthDSc
### 1941
- **1941**, Exploring with X-Rays, Part 1 - 1941. Exploring with X-Rays, a film of 1941 held by miSci in Schenectady. Industrial and medical radiography developed together, and General Electric was a major maker of both. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/01302b8c-5053-4b02-ad82-a18d7ae207cb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SA3WJSB4TqQ
- **1941**, Another to Conquer [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0a88c7d8-b558-4226-ae93-c9f531f317f6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Q7SFzQWaLY
- **1941**, " ANOTHER TO CONQUER " 1941 NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS ASSOCIATION FILM NAVAJO INDIAN SCHOOL SM11295. Another to Conquer, a 1941 National Tuberculosis Association film made at a Navajo school. Public health filmmaking of this period addressed Native American communities in terms the communities did not set. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8329e084-0444-458c-a4c8-940cd09075ba) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INpfQApyYAE
### 1942
- **1942**, Emergency First Aid: Part 3 - Fractures (1942, silent). Emergency First Aid part three, on fractures, a silent American film of 1942 from the Prelinger Archives. Wartime civil defence films taught splinting to a general population. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/36c9a004-1105-44b0-9c21-ca6823aea807) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEbxea4ndXU
- **1942**, Emergency First Aid: Part 2 - Bandaging Wounds And Burns (1942, silent). Emergency First Aid part two, on bandaging, a silent American film of 1942 from the Prelinger Archives. Bandaging and splinting were taught as civil defence subjects during the Second World War. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f23f0495-d53a-41cd-a581-460137bddff0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHf97Et2Uvg
- **1942**, Amputation instruments used by a naval surgeon, 1942. Plate from Turnbull, William: The naval surgeon; comprising the entire duties of professional men at sea, London : R. Phillips, 1806. Amputation saws are the emblematic instrument of pre-anaesthetic surgery. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2bb16c11-a818-407b-ba54-18fdc1c193d7) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/e6zb8pbs
### 1943
- **1943**, “ ESSENTIALS OF FIRST AID ” U.S. NAVY WWII TRAINING FILM TOURNIQUETS & BASIC MEDICAL CARE XD46194. A United States Navy training film of the Second World War on first aid, tourniquets and basic medical care. Films of this kind record what was taught to non-medical personnel about limb injury. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b9d2f2f2-18c1-460f-9a08-2edfc32e8d04) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mhWSMSlN8U
### 1944
- **1944**, Disabled Soldier's War Job- Producing Artificial Limbs, UK, c 1944 D17829. Queen Mary's Hospital at Roehampton is the anchor of state limb-fitting at scale in Britain after the First World War, and of rehabilitation as a system. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/52331a18-c42d-4367-9bcb-727bc0d62d61) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Disabled_Soldier%27s_War_Job-_Producing_Artificial_Limbs,_UK,_c_1944_D17829.jpg
- **1944**, Rehabilitation of British Soldiers From Normandy- the work of the Robert Jones and Dame Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, England, UK, 1944 D21476. Sir Robert Jones, Hugh Owen Thomas's nephew and pupil, was the pivotal organiser of British orthopedics. As surgeon-superintendent for the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal from 1888 to 1893 he organised what is widely described as the first comprehensive accident service in the world, a civilian and industrial origin for trauma systems. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/fa6d52d8-984d-48b6-bd2d-89107d4eb4cf) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rehabilitation_of_British_Soldiers_From_Normandy-_the_work_of_the_Robert_Jones_and_Dame_Agnes_Hunt_Orthopaedic_Hospital,_Oswestry,_Shropshire,_England,_UK,_1944_D21476.jpg
- **1944**, Injured servicemen learn to walk again during their rehabilitation at the Robert Jones and Dame Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry in 1944. D21459. Sir Robert Jones, Hugh Owen Thomas's nephew and pupil, was the pivotal organiser of British orthopedics. As surgeon-superintendent for the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal from 1888 to 1893 he organised what is widely described as the first comprehensive accident service in the world, a civilian and industrial origin for trauma systems. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3e2ed9f3-5891-4332-b2bf-850bbfd4ea6f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Injured_servicemen_learn_to_walk_again_during_their_rehabilitation_at_the_Robert_Jones_and_Dame_Agnes_Hunt_Orthopaedic_Hospital,_Oswestry_in_1944._D21459.jpg
- **1944**, Lance Corporal Whitefield of the Auxiliary Territorial Service pushes an injured RAF armourer on a trolley around the grounds of the Robert Jones and Dame Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry dur. 1944. D21457. Sir Robert Jones, Hugh Owen Thomas's nephew and pupil, was the pivotal organiser of British orthopedics. As surgeon-superintendent for the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal from 1888 to 1893 he organised what is widely described as the first comprehensive accident service in the world, a civilian and industrial origin for trauma systems. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8831d8dc-95bd-46b6-8e3e-04f03f37631d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lance_Corporal_Whitefield_of_the_Auxiliary_Territorial_Service_pushes_an_injured_RAF_armourer_on_a_trolley_around_the_grounds_of_the_Robert_Jones_and_Dame_Agnes_Hunt_Orthopaedic_Hospital,_Oswestry_during_1944._D21457.jpg
- **1944**, \[Films of the 18th General Hospital\] / by R. Carmichael Tilghman : \[Reel 4\]. Film of the 18th General Hospital by R. Carmichael Tilghman, from the Johns Hopkins Medical Archives. American university hospitals staffed named general hospitals overseas during the Second World War. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ae6ee540-46dd-47d3-91fc-ebc4e86e88f8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N8aEMjZMpyo
- **1944**, War Dept Film Bulletin 146: Medical Service In The Invasion Of Normandy 1944 (full). War Department Film Bulletin 146 on medical service in the invasion of Normandy, 1944. Evacuation planning was a major part of the operation's design. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/08c16520-3a74-4176-b823-f29cb6fae006) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdlLk0Sx9ck
- **1944**, SC 190308 - Field nurses of the 13th Field Hospital, Omaha Beach, France, first to arrive in Normandy to tend wounded, take time for chow.. Left to right: 2nd Lt. Mildred R. Middleton, Cottageville, S.C., 2nd Lt. Mildred R. Middleton, Cottageville, S.C., 2nd Lt. Gola B. Fuller, Ash Grove, Mo., and 2nd Lt. Marie C. Stoudemire, Columbus, S.C. 15 June, 1944. Photographer: Weintraub. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/94265f83-eda6-4b1f-9cbd-24e3d5df7fc6) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SC_190308_-_Field_nurses_of_the_13th_Field_Hospital,_Omaha_Beach,_France,_first_to_arrive_in_Normandy_to_tend_wounded,_take_time_for_chow._(51046553912).jpg
### 1945
- **1945**, Diary of a Sergeant (1945) WW2 Rehabilitation of Amputee. Diary of a Sergeant, a 1945 American rehabilitation film featuring Harold Russell, who lost both hands in a training accident. Russell went on to win an Academy Award for The Best Years of Our Lives. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5d2de6ab-ed20-49c7-86ad-c4af2963c414) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mL249FZmquc
- **1945**, Diary of a Sergeant. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/92aa7a93-bdda-4a29-9b25-2786647978fa) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlZJ5MwApZ8
- **1945**, "DIARY OF A SERGEANT" WWII REHABILITATION OF AMPUTEE SOLDIER HAROLD RUSSELL 56744. Diary of a Sergeant, the 1945 rehabilitation film featuring Harold Russell. Russell lost both hands in a training accident and later won an Academy Award; he died in 2002. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3245ba02-206e-4578-92d6-57d8ccec6d0f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaigtXtoU_I
- **1945**, An artificial hand holding a sheet of glass. Colour lithograph after G.R. Morris, 1945. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4a1e79b6-d239-439d-be3e-82b01b25c763) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/s9zggb2c
- **1945**, Army Prosthetics Research Laboratory, National Museum of Health and Medicine. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5257d6ee-f474-4cb8-ac93-145564eb0667) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Army_Prosthetics_Research_Laboratory_(WRAMC_DPW_09-4943-1),_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_(3924393570).jpg
- **1945**, Rehabilitation and You (1945). Rehabilitation and You, a New Zealand government film of 1945. Post-war rehabilitation schemes were built around returning injured servicemen to work. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4065a9e6-d59b-4945-a855-43dc85bf33e1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmQ8rSnr_-U
- **1945**, Fighters in White, 1940s. Fighters in White, a New York State film of the 1940s. State public health films document the ward conditions of the tuberculosis and polio era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c31be50e-59d1-4837-ae46-e5e88d620ed2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2X1oe_trzjQ
- **1945**, Canadian Army Newsreel, No. 99 (1945). Canadian Army Newsreel No. 99 from 1945, held by Library and Archives Canada. Wartime newsreels are among the few moving-image records of casualty handling made at the time. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0bf97339-c482-43a8-8f64-3c360969b6ed) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AxhzH8XysFs
- **1945**, Marine Aid Station Under Fire on Beach, Iwo Jima, 1945. Evacuation as a system, rather than any single device, is arguably war's greatest contribution to this field, and it begins with Larrey's flying ambulances. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7070bf3f-2772-47ea-a065-7a4ac227f1a2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marine_Aid_Station_Under_Fire_on_Beach,_Iwo_Jima,_1945.jpg
### 1946
- **1946**, 1946 - WHAT S MY SCORE? DISABLED VETERANS VA FILM - ARCHIVE - FOOTAGE. What's My Score, a 1946 Veterans Administration film about disabled veterans. Postwar films framed disability in terms of employability. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/13297623-a1c6-4af9-88c7-28797dae02f9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMcx2BuOL0w
- **1946**, Wearing prosthetic (NCP 002862), National Museum of Health and Medicine. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7b5fff25-e23c-4d62-8082-aa498a0a8ff4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wearing_prosthetic_(NCP_002862),_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_(4768084228).jpg
- **1946**, Epidemic's Children - 1940s Polio Epidemic Fundraising Film with Iron Lungs 84610 HD. Epidemic's Children, a 1940s polio fundraising film showing iron lung wards. Fundraising imagery of this kind is the largest single body of polio photography that survives. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a6cefd68-dc18-4889-8242-14c76f3879dc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bws4KI2u6tk
### 1947
- **1947**, LIFE BEGINS AGAIN 1947 BRITISH CONVALESCENT HOSPITAL & PHYSICAL REHABILITATION FILM 85084 xx. Life Begins Again, a British convalescent hospital and physical rehabilitation film of 1947. Post-war rehabilitation institutions were built on the assumption of long stays. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9cd533b3-149d-43f2-b19e-01f6705dd303) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P7JuyHKRRWE
### 1948
- **1948**, War Disabled Man Starts Pottery Business (1948). British Pathé film of 1948 on a war-disabled man starting a pottery business. Retraining schemes were the standard state answer to permanent disability from war injury. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/23ad55bb-c142-4370-9da2-4420101fc44c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zELjZMcNKGk
- **1948**, Disabled War Veterans Demonstrate In Italy (1948). British Pathé footage of disabled war veterans demonstrating in Italy in 1948. Disabled veterans organised politically across postwar Europe over pensions and provision. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ff7257d3-b306-4266-8247-45240b916e2f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIiZQsoFsQI
- **1948**, French Disabled (1948). British Pathé footage from 1948 of disabled French veterans. Limb provision and pensions were contested across postwar Europe. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/dd76154c-42bc-4532-a0dc-5b5dea63e880) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuhAUGWoeG4
- **1948**, Polio USA 1948. Epidemic: A Repeating Nightmare \| 16mm Film Print. A 16mm print of an American polio film from 1948. Epidemic summers closed pools and cinemas and filled hospital wards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/eb29bcd6-0958-4edb-90c5-cd571d01ebf0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_aXFgACuTw
### 1949
- **1949**, ELEANOR ROOSEVELT 1949 POLIO AWARENESS FILM "HIS FIGHTING CHANCE" 49464. His Fighting Chance, a 1949 polio awareness film featuring Eleanor Roosevelt. Fundraising films used images of braced children deliberately, which is worth naming rather than reproducing uncritically. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/deb3316e-1fdd-4f24-8e5e-f003340e613a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZrIi_MUai1s
### 1950
- **1950**, ARTIFICAL LIMB CENTRE - NO SOUND. British Movietone footage of an artificial limb centre, without sound. State limb centres were built in Britain after both world wars. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/80e01769-f866-4100-ba01-d412963b8610) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOKvD232vAc
- **1950**, Polio (1950). British Pathé film on polio from 1950. British epidemic years peaked in the early 1950s, shortly before the Salk vaccine. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/614397d0-476e-46c8-b01c-b0f717e6ca4c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evO54MF0WIg
### 1951
- **1951**, Ilizarov Apparatus External Fixator. An Ilizarov Apparatus is a type of external fixation used to treat limb deformities. Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov developed his circular external fixator in 1951 at Kurgan in western Siberia, a young provincial doctor treating a backlog of poorly healed war injuries far from the Soviet academic centres. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3093795c-bd3a-4b0f-9668-a15a9fcf1711) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ilizarov_Apparatus_External_Fixator.JPG
- **1951**, Patient with external fixator in the leg. Patient with external fixator in Angola. Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov developed his circular external fixator in 1951 at Kurgan in western Siberia, a young provincial doctor treating a backlog of poorly healed war injuries far from the Soviet academic centres. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cfd8fe78-3343-4bef-97a8-146d750e77d9) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patient_with_external_fixator_in_the_leg.jpg
- **1951**, Patient with external fixator in Angola. 1951 at Kurgan in western Siberia, a young provincial doctor treating a backlog of poorly healed war injuries far from the Soviet academic centres. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/840102b9-cfeb-416e-854c-74135af3a78c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patient_with_external_fixator_in_Angola.jpg
- **1951**, Patient with external fixator in the femur. Patient with external fixator in Angola. Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov developed his circular external fixator in 1951 at Kurgan in western Siberia, a young provincial doctor treating a backlog of poorly healed war injuries far from the Soviet academic centres. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8fc306f5-17b0-47b9-bd9d-57201feda757) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patient_with_external_fixator_in_the_femur.jpg
- **1951**, Mobile Operating Theatre (1951). British Pathé film of 1951 showing a mobile operating theatre. Mobile surgical capacity developed in parallel in military and civil defence planning. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/fa159378-7921-4154-8219-572e1c373f74) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nq-YWMOz_hw
### 1952
- **1952**, MASH Actual Korean War film - Army H-13 helicopters at Mobile Army Surgery Hospital. Korean War footage of H-13 helicopters at a mobile army surgical hospital. Helicopter evacuation shortened the time from wounding to surgery more than any surgical change of that war. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/04a8f8d5-f795-4986-9d7c-ca42a254d3f1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VOGuYWzHCw
- **1952**, Iron Lung (061). Vaccination against polio began with the Salk vaccine in 1955. Polio paralysis was responsible for more orthopedic cases than any other disease or condition of its era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3c929373-a6f9-4cf1-8ca5-96a69732a123) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iron_Lung_(061)_(7184148409).jpg
### 1953
- **1953**, Two Lives (National Tuberculosis Association, 1953). Two Lives, a National Tuberculosis Association film of 1953, held by the National Library of Medicine. Skeletal tuberculosis produced the spinal and joint deformity that filled orthopedic wards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0cacf27d-0d64-444f-a425-05f89fd6794e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IpZH1kzYT4
### 1954
- **1954**, Later version of the Coolidge x-ray tube. Photograph of a later version of the Coolidge X-ray tube. Early x-ray tubes were gas tubes of the Crookes type, later displaced by the Coolidge hot-cathode tube. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d0a6b308-288b-421f-ac6e-b69ad09eec48) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/tybk985g
- **1954**, " THEY SHALL NOT WANT " 1954 MARCH OF DIMES MEDICAL RESEARCH & TREATMENT OF POLIO VICTIMS GG46525. They Shall Not Want, a March of Dimes film of 1954 on polio research and treatment. The March of Dimes generated an enormous quantity of photography and poster art, much of it explicitly promotional and much of it depicting braced children. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3ed7f61a-7a7e-4b05-ac09-1af69d99bc3b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGs2lgwC7KY
### 1955
- **1955**, April 12 1955: Polio Announcement. Footage of the announcement of 12 April 1955 that the Salk vaccine worked. United States cases fell from a peak near 58,000 in 1952 to about 5,600 by 1957. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/bd5625d2-05d6-4450-b53a-9e1b62fea133) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LlDn_MQDkc
- **1955**, Oswestry Aelwyd Choir at Oswestry Orthopaedic Hospital. Sir Robert Jones, Hugh Owen Thomas's nephew and pupil, was the pivotal organiser of British orthopedics. As surgeon-superintendent for the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal from 1888 to 1893 he organised what is widely described as the first comprehensive accident service in the world, a civilian and industrial origin for trauma systems. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/803989d0-e23c-463c-9286-ebfcfda1ce1f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oswestry_Aelwyd_Choir_at_Oswestry_Orthopaedic_Hospital_(1449940).jpg
- **1955**, Stoke Mandeville Spinal Unit's Sports Festival Aka International Paraplegic Games (1955). British Pathé footage of the Stoke Mandeville sports festival of 1955, the International Paraplegic Games. The event grew directly out of Guttmann's spinal injuries unit. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a7a3c4e0-1c84-4d7c-8aff-8d5dd52f3499) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XO_vgbqzZLA
- **1955**, SPORTS DAY AT STOKE MANDEVILLE. British Movietone newsreel of a sports day at Stoke Mandeville. Newsreel coverage of the games was part of how disability sport reached a general audience. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f1c33108-338c-4a76-9df7-f6d5d9fd1d05) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Kp5Vt1YmPE
- **1955**, JONAS SALK DISCOVERS POLIO VACCINE - 1955. Newsreel footage from 1955 announcing the Salk polio vaccine. The vaccine was first tested in 1952 and announced on 12 April 1955; United States cases fell from a peak near 58,000 in 1952 to about 5,600 by 1957. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ff11373e-38fb-4f1c-bfa1-0933be0f33ad) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCDetN2atgY
- **1955**, NCP4145. \[Boy in Emerson respirator (iron lung) in Herman Keifer Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, due to polio. Polio paralysis was responsible for more orthopedic cases than any other disease or condition of its era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/189ed834-ab42-4f19-af81-6e248c8cd917) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NCP4145_(2555330861).jpg
- **1955**, Charity for Polio, 1950's - Film 7995. Archive film of polio charity work in the 1950s. Voluntary fundraising paid for much of the ward and appliance provision of the polio era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a89f5b96-dd55-45a6-a590-303f614a918a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w91iNqF_h-o
- **1955**, "1955 Polio Epidemic". Hospital archive film of the 1955 polio epidemic. 1955 was the year the Salk vaccine was announced, but cases continued while immunisation was rolled out. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ff8c54d7-d73a-493a-8606-7f0856c4e9dc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oS_JleTxK-k
- **1955**, Tuberculosis (Third Edition) 1955. Tuberculosis, an American public health film of 1955. Antibiotics ended the sanatorium era and the buildings were repurposed, Charnley's Wrightington among them. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/bb24310d-3f0e-4719-9255-478e4b4d07a7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwLiHZcSJmA
### 1956
- **1956**, Wellcome Historical Medical Museum exhibition "Electricity in the Service of Medicine": Early x-ray tubes, with the introduction of discharge and cathode ray tubes. Display case from the exhibition "Electricity in the Service of Medicine" which opened at 183 Euston Road in December 1956. Early x-ray tubes were gas tubes of the Crookes type, later displaced by the Coolidge hot-cathode tube. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/008541f9-38f3-460c-b6d5-8dae8571f950) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/uvdhd3wx
- **1956**, Relief tablet of surgical instruments on the wall of Kom Ombo temple, Egypt. Photograph of a relief tablet on the wall of Kom Ombo temple, upper Egypt. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0a931844-4ef2-4b61-a391-9fccbc3817c2) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/fwuu3xhv
- **1956**, Dixon Cottages at Mont Alto Sanatorium for tuberculosis, Pennsylvania, USA. Photograph of the Dixon Cottages and pine trees at Mont Alto Sanatorium for tuberculosis, Pennsylvania, USA. Tuberculosis of the spine and joints produced deformity, abscess, paralysis and long confinement. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ef5c0fab-70aa-4d8b-ab94-b0ba47cb4c44) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/k9b58evh
### 1957
- **1957**, Coventry - Polio Strikes (1957). British Pathé on a polio outbreak in Coventry in 1957. Local epidemics continued in Britain after the vaccine became available. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2246a465-e709-46d1-ac7c-03003620e0c7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWOh2Ju8i4c
### 1958
- **1958**, Polio vaccine poster, 1958. Collection: Health Education Division Photographs Call number: Series 2136 System ID: 73641. Polio paralysis was responsible for more orthopedic cases than any other disease or condition of its era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/39deaf1f-cca9-4ae4-bc82-3a0a463c752b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polio_vaccine_poster,_1958_(16014679784).jpg
- **1958**, Wellcome Historical Medical Museum 2nd floor gallery: display case of surgical instrument, 1958-1959. Photograph of the centre section of the 2nd floor gallery at 183 Euston Road, London. Fitted instrument cases were sold as sets, and they record what a surgeon of the period was actually equipped to do, as against what the textbooks recommended. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cdf01f9e-d499-43f3-b798-10f97a176495) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/t39ksc8e
- **1958**, Trephined skullin showing different stages of healing. Trephined skull excavated at Jericho in 1958 \[Tomb 88\] by Dr. Katheeln Kenyon, C.B.E., Director of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem. Trepanation, the cutting of an opening in the skull, is among the oldest operations for which there is physical evidence, and trepanned skulls with healed margins survive in museum collections worldwide, showing that people lived afterwards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d1ffcbc6-b0c6-4a83-aab2-53dd30eab1ce) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/vksz6zu7
### 1960
- **1960**, Polio poster. Poster issued by the British Ministry of Health for the vaccination against Polio. Polio paralysis was responsible for more orthopedic cases than any other disease or condition of its era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4cad8a28-1306-447a-98e7-dbd2cb9b6dd2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polio_poster.jpg
- **1960**, Jagsthausen Eiserne Hand Goetz von Berlichingen 19600704. Burg Jagsthausen was once home to the celebrated knight Götz von Berlichingen (1480-1562). Gotz von Berlichingen was a sixteenth century German knight whose prosthetic iron hands survive. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d3b4cbde-9fb3-4de7-a8c3-2f47dcfbd0aa) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jagsthausen_Eiserne_Hand_Goetz_von_Berlichingen_19600704.jpg
### 1961
- **1961**, The romance of orthopaedic development (1961). Wellcome Library film The romance of orthopaedic development, made in 1961. Films of this period show a specialty still built around children, long stays, plaster and calipers. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/66abe40a-b71d-4ce4-9cf1-628d552de186) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_mhVBzMjsY
### 1962
- **1962**, Polio outbreak, 1960's -- Film 32030. Archive film of a polio outbreak in the 1960s. Polio paralysis was responsible for more orthopedic cases than any other disease or condition of its era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e093228e-beda-4d3a-bca4-245ef408a4d7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OBrjtm3Ie8
### 1965
- **1965**, Russian High Jumper Valeriy Brumel at USA track meet Madison Square Garden 1965 archival footage. Archival footage of the Soviet high jumper Valery Brumel at Madison Square Garden in 1965, before the motorcycle injury that led him to Ilizarov. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/408080c6-38b8-4a12-8dc7-f6066b95b277) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbQYh-RozV0
### 1966
- **1966**, Making prosthetic hands, National Museum of Health and Medicine. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b9f4f1b4-4117-44b4-a57a-73dcf40f4de9) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Making_prosthetic_hands_(WRAMC-DPW_09-3342-1),_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_(3614299719).jpg
### 1969
- **1969**, Brumel Back In Action (1969). British Pathé newsreel of 1969 showing the high jumper Valery Brumel back in action. Brumel's treatment by Ilizarov in 1967 and 1968, after a motorcycle injury, is what brought the Kurgan method to Soviet public attention. Brumel died in 2003. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b467eac3-620d-4b88-97bf-b78a648a635f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQy13IstWFU
### 1970
- **1970-05-24**, ASC Leiden - J. Th. Broekhuijse Collection - 01 - 033 - A seated healer splints the right arm of a seated boy - Burkina Faso, 1970-05-24 -- 1970-06-07. A seated healer splints the right arm of a seated boy in front of a bamboo fence. Splinting and bandaging to immobilise a fracture is attested for at least three thousand years, in Egyptian, Greek, Indian and Chinese practice alike, long before the word orthopaedics existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c064023c-6766-4442-b281-049f39630ef3) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ASC_Leiden_-_J._Th._Broekhuijse_Collection_-_01_-_033_-_A_seated_healer_splints_the_right_arm_of_a_seated_boy_-_Burkina_Faso,_1970-05-24_--_1970-06-07.jpg
- **1970**, Making an artificial limb in the workshop at the Rehabilitation and Vocational Training Center at Qui Nhon. A Vietnamese worker constructs an artificial limb in the workshop at the Rehabilitation and Vocational Training Center at Qui Nhon NARA 111-CCV-451-CC74054. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f5bd0ab2-b784-4a3f-97dd-b660c8125ee2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Making_an_artificial_limb_in_the_workshop_at_the_Rehabilitation_and_Vocational_Training_Center_at_Qui_Nhon.jpg
- **1970**, A message from a child urging people to have x-rays. Lithograph, ca. 1970.. 5 January 1896 and the report already named the surgical application, that a surgeon could determine the extent of a complicated fracture without painful manual examination. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/819522ee-e700-4a22-9ed3-b7961550fcd2) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/t6y9gcnj
- **1970**, ASC Leiden - J. Th. Broekhuijse Collection - 01 - 056 - A splint of white stems is tied to a left forearm in the sun - Burkina Faso, prob. 1970-1971. A splint of white stems is tied to a left forearm in the sun. Splinting and bandaging to immobilise a fracture is attested for at least three thousand years, in Egyptian, Greek, Indian and Chinese practice alike, long before the word orthopaedics existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f46cbc54-f812-4230-a9f9-2d816bb9f964) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ASC_Leiden_-_J._Th._Broekhuijse_Collection_-_01_-_056_-_A_splint_of_white_stems_is_tied_to_a_left_forearm_in_the_sun_-_Burkina_Faso,_prob._1970-1971.jpg
- **1970**, An operating theatre: surgical staff performing an operation. Photograph, ca. 1970.. 's carbolic spray. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/521d9b81-063a-4eb5-a1e6-0cf91f774429) Source: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/tuadtj65
### 1972
- **1972**, Museum objects from exhibition-various.1972-3. Museum objects from exhibition -various. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/dfb3034b-365a-4afa-ab8e-4d56982d6f38) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Museum_objects_from_exhibition-various.1972-3_Wellcome_L0010401.jpg
### 1973
- **1973**, HIP PROSTHESIS BALL AND SOCKET. Scope and content: The original finding aid described this as: Capture Date: 6/19/1975 Photographer: JOHN MARTON. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/98642a06-ec5b-469e-b57f-10d52d5adc8d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HIP_PROSTHESIS_BALL_AND_SOCKET_-_NARA_-_17444493.jpg
- **1973**, MCKEE FARARR HIP PROSTHESIS BALL AND CUP. Scope and content: The original finding aid described this as: Capture Date: 3/20/1975 Photographer: JOHN MARTON. The McKee-Farrar prosthesis, metal on metal, launched in 1961. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a3fe2440-2b55-4741-bd86-c238d53f5b05) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MCKEE_FARARR_HIP_PROSTHESIS_BALL_AND_CUP_-_NARA_-_17441599.jpg
- **1973**, KNEE PROSTHESIS. Scope and content: The original finding aid described this as: Capture Date: 6/16/1976. John Insall, English-born and working at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, is the central name in modern total knee arthroplasty, associated with the total condylar design of the 1970s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/35801e8e-c0ec-4db9-a65d-09728142a3c8) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KNEE_PROSTHESIS_-_NARA_-_17448590.jpg
- **1973**, HIP JOINT RIG FOR TECH MAGAZINE ARTICLE. Scope and content: The original finding aid described this as: Capture Date: 2/11/1976 Photographer: DONALD HUEBLER. The history of joint replacement is not primarily a history of surgical technique. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ffb8c160-e08b-4ef7-a491-df3277828437) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HIP_JOINT_RIG_FOR_TECH_MAGAZINE_ARTICLE_-_NARA_-_17448125.jpg
- **1973**, HIP JOINT SPECIMEN TO HOLDER. Scope and content: The original finding aid described this as: Capture Date: 11/4/1974 Photographer: DONALD HUEBLER. Pathological bone specimens in museum collections are the physical record of conditions that antibiotics and vaccines later made rare in wealthy countries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/726f4abf-78b2-4de7-9ec4-d86f1bf942b9) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HIP_JOINT_SPECIMEN_TO_HOLDER_-_NARA_-_17424181.jpg
- **1973**, On Surgery and Instruments, 1973. Figure 194: Above: Marsh Below: Huntington. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f03107e9-7bcf-4d5e-bd2f-ed4c17b25c33) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:On_Surgery_and_Instruments,_1973_Wellcome_L0027139.jpg
- **1973**, Albucasis on Surgery and Instruments, 1973. Above: Marsh Below: Huntington. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, latinised Albucasis, of Cordoba, wrote the thirty-volume Kitab al-Tasrif whose final surgical volume was illustrated with drawings of instruments. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b0cc7739-734e-417e-9db9-9341d17f2eea) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Albucasis_on_Surgery_and_Instruments,_1973_Wellcome_L0027147.jpg
### 1974
- **1974**, British Modular Lower Limbs System (1974). Wellcome Library film of 1974 on the British modular lower limb system. Modular construction replaced individually crafted limbs and made fitting faster. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3d3c90eb-32cc-46d7-a90c-631c97b56a8e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrWATp_0ftA
### 1975
- **1975**, HIP PROSTHESIS DEVICE FROM TEST 26. Scope and content: The original finding aid described this as: Capture Date: 5/14/1975 Photographer: MARTIN BROWN. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/eab67b0b-89b7-48c9-a637-a24178634b26) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HIP_PROSTHESIS_DEVICE_FROM_TEST_26_-_NARA_-_17442460.jpg
### 1977
- **1977**, HIP JOINT SIMULATOR. Scope and content: The original finding aid described this as: Capture Date: 7/22/1977 Photographer: MARTIN BROWN. The history of joint replacement is not primarily a history of surgical technique. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/46963ddd-0fb3-4f40-a20e-5921c8eb7789) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HIP_JOINT_SIMULATOR_-_NARA_-_17469268.jpg
### 1978
- **1978**, 1978: Dr Mansfield's MRI MEDICAL MARVEL \| Tomorrow's World \| Science and Nature \| BBC Archive. BBC Tomorrow's World in 1978 on Peter Mansfield's magnetic resonance imaging work. Mansfield shared the Nobel Prize in 2003 and died in 2017. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/55399366-23b1-4e7e-b374-28f33046b17e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nIXRPuFK5U
### 1979
- **1979**, Аппарат Илизарова (фильм 1979 г.). Soviet film of 1979 on the Ilizarov apparatus, from the Russian State Archive of Film and Photo Documents. This footage dates from the period when the method was still largely unknown outside the Soviet Union. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2728c494-e6b4-4c8a-bbbc-8af98d63476e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YIu17SKzoQ
### 1983
- **1983**, Avraham Stein lives in religious Kibbutz of Yavne (FL45835622). State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f07ecb0b-c703-41cf-9276-8bb426641924) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Avraham_Stein_lives_in_religious_Kibbutz_of_Yavne_(FL45835622).jpg
### 1984
- **1984**, Princess Diana Visits Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital \| March 23, 1984. Princess Diana visits the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital in March 1984. Royal patronage was a standard fundraising mechanism for British orthopedic hospitals across the twentieth century. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ba5cb1e9-9bbe-4b98-b4b7-a16871b777db) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iq0xZpMIKoA
- **1984**, Leucotome, designed by Neurosurgeon Dr John Crumbie 1955 (rear view). A stainless steel leucotome, designed by Neurosurgeon Dr John Crumbie. Long wards of children in frames are the characteristic institutional image of orthopedics for the first two thirds of the twentieth century, when the caseload was polio and skeletal tuberculosis. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8318e5bf-9ca9-4a0d-a621-f2ae191f4eae) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leucotome,_designed_by_Neurosurgeon_Dr_John_Crumbie_1955_(rear_view).jpg
### 2004
- **2004**, Kirschner wires ulna. X-ray of a left ulna humerus, showing four Kirschner wires. Fracture and foreign-body localisation need no contrast medium, no injection and little interpretation training, which is why radiography was adopted for bone faster than for anything else. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/32501b10-b6c5-46cd-80f1-7a73c2be6d95) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kirschner_wires_ulna.jpg
### 2006
- **2006**, Hip replacement Image 3684-PH. An A-P X-ray of a pelvis showing a total hip joint replacement. Fracture and foreign-body localisation need no contrast medium, no injection and little interpretation training, which is why radiography was adopted for bone faster than for anything else. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1c50e7ab-c02d-4e97-8ed5-da4649b2a478) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hip_replacement_Image_3684-PH.jpg
- **2006**, Kuntshner intramedullary nail 2. Intermedullary nail for use in orthopedic surgery. Gerhard Kuntscher introduced intramedullary nailing in Germany from around 1939 to 1940. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/08a28d9e-96a8-4ba1-9da8-8c05db741f31) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kuntshner_intramedullary_nail_2.jpg
- **2006**, Beau-Site LAS building. This is the Science wing of LAS Savoy campus: Beau-Site: das 1914 gebaute Sanatorium Beau-Site wurde 1920 vom Kanton Neuenburg erworben und der Fondation du Sanatorium Populaire Neuchâtelois übergeben. Tuberculosis of the spine and joints produced deformity, abscess, paralysis and long confinement. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/153b5815-60d8-4ff8-9392-96c041970c40) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beau-Site_LAS_building.JPG
### 2007
- **2007**, Ilizarov11. X-Ray of a fractured tibia and fibula, part 2 (four months following fracture). Fracture and foreign-body localisation need no contrast medium, no injection and little interpretation training, which is why radiography was adopted for bone faster than for anything else. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ba5980db-98be-4bbb-a374-c82acd88b3c0) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ilizarov11.jpg
- **2007**, Hunterian Collection. This photo was taken by me, Paul Dean (StoneColdCrazy), in September 2007, and shows a part of the Hunterian Collections on display at The Royal College of Surgeons of England. Osteological atlases and articulated skeletons are the reference against which every deformity and fracture in this archive was read. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a1ab3732-b8e3-48b3-95ec-b5ab8a12ddfe) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hunterian_Collection.jpg
### 2008
- **2008**, Myoelectric prosthetic arm. American actor Owen Wilson gripping Lance Cpl. Named modern prosthetic technologies include myoelectric control, osseointegration or direct skeletal attachment associated with Per-Ingvar Branemark, microprocessor knees, and energy-storing running feet of which the Flex-Foot associated with Van Phillips is the emblematic example. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7a2f7f6b-34ee-45e5-bfd1-2ff7957d6cec) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Myoelectric_prosthetic_arm.jpg
- **2008**, Schucoskop (fcm)jpg. Bildinhalt: Ein Schucoskop war in den 50er und 60er Jahren in Deutschland ein Gerät, bei dem mit Röntgenstrahlen geprüft wurde, ob Schuhe, insbesondere Kinderschuhe passten; ausgestellt im Deutschen Schuhmuseum Hauenstein. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/58067d8a-74be-4d56-93d0-6402959f51ec) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Schucoskop_(fcm)jpg.jpg
- **2008**, A sandwich for one of our wounded at the Dressing station. Herkent u mensen of locaties of heeft u een bijzonder verhaal te vertellen bij één van de foto’s, laat dan een reactie achter (als u ingelogd bent bij Flickr) of stuur een mailtje naar: flickrthecommons@nationaalarchief.nl! War has repeatedly acted as an accelerator and a systematiser of orthopedic practice and a builder of institutions, but the science that made those advances possible was overwhelmingly civilian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1807068f-71c1-4a2c-96a0-75d904a8420e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_sandwich_for_one_of_our_wounded_at_the_Dressing_station_(2941885914).jpg
- **2008**, Botas. Shoes mounted on a brace to treat clubfoot. The Ponseti method, a non-surgical correction for clubfoot developed by Ignacio Ponseti at Iowa, is low cost and has been the basis of large international programmes. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1aed15b5-e15a-43ff-8ffe-7df5e32d1fc7) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Botas.JPG
- **2008-07-27**, Limb Lengthening with Dr. Rozbruch: A Documentary. Documentary on limb lengthening with S. Robert Rozbruch. Distraction osteogenesis was unknown in the West for around twenty years after Ilizarov developed it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f2cde1b0-6b2b-4efd-9e2e-f07c7bef7192) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ACMyHevJcM
- **2008-08-13**, Bones. Wellcome Collection film on bone. Skeletal material is the oldest evidence orthopedics has, because healed and malunited fractures are visible in the archaeological record long before any written text. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1f6334d9-891a-451b-96a7-c698d4d5ac7f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GF_E6cd4K-I
### 2009
- **2009-03-24**, Amputations and Artificial Limbs in the Civil War. On amputations and artificial limbs in the American Civil War. The scale of amputation in that war created the first mass artificial limb programmes in the United States. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/992ef18f-02bc-40d0-9ec7-660e9c359049) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3T5v_QbFZDU
- **2009**, Orthofix applied to right tibula. After sustaining a tranverse fracture of the right fibula/tibia, I was fitted with an orthofix to align the fracture during the healing proces. Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov developed his circular external fixator in 1951 at Kurgan in western Siberia, a young provincial doctor treating a backlog of poorly healed war injuries far from the Soviet academic centres. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7bbf306e-259a-4ce8-99e3-3d13885ab320) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orthofix_applied_to_right_tibula.jpg
- **2009**, RightFemurIV. A Bone-allograft is inserted to the lower portion of the femur using screws and cables. The history of joint replacement is not primarily a history of surgical technique. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/65ab4e18-cb63-4eda-bf04-b196ef620305) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RightFemurIV.JPG
- **2009**, Prosthetic hand iron and springs Oxford. Artificial hand (prosthesis), 16th century. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ca1b028c-9fa6-4a72-bfc5-7e7328c3e4a1) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prosthetic_hand_iron_and_springs_Oxford.jpg
- **2009**, Exhibit, plastic gloves for artificial hands (NCP 4821), National Museum of Health and Medicine. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f85af1d6-0e2e-4711-ad88-e28d9db9afb3) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Exhibit,_plastic_gloves_for_artificial_hands_(NCP_4821),_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_(3633131057).jpg
- **2009**, Patient using a prosthetic limb (Reeve 004265), National Museum of Health and Medicine. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1d08d4ac-67a4-412d-8102-67c476418b92) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patient_using_a_prosthetic_limb_(Reeve_004265),_National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine_(3305082784).jpg
- **2009**, RightFemurIII. Upper right femur is taken out(along with a tumor and the rectus femoris muscle). Long wards of children in frames are the characteristic institutional image of orthopedics for the first two thirds of the twentieth century, when the caseload was polio and skeletal tuberculosis. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c17be203-53a7-41c5-a082-86bf64d4e645) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RightFemurIII.JPG
- **2009**, RightFemurV. A upper right femur Bone-allograft with associated tissues around the hip joint. Osteological atlases and articulated skeletons are the reference against which every deformity and fracture in this archive was read. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/95a0e15f-7c13-4196-a11d-cfcba4d65804) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RightFemurV.JPG
- **2009-08-09**, History of X-ray technology - Geraldine Mate. Queensland Museum curator Geraldine Mate on the history of X-ray technology. Museum collections hold early tubes, coils and shielding that document how quickly and how unsafely the technology spread. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/bbbc1a3e-e5c7-4c82-844e-580e2da7b647) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdciURszAFI
### 2010
- **2010-06-02**, LIMB LENGTHENING DOCUMENTARY: DR. ROZBRUCH and DR. FRAGOMEN. Documentary on limb lengthening with S. Robert Rozbruch and Austin Fragomen. The method descends from Ilizarov's distraction osteogenesis, developed in Kurgan from 1951 onward. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f7e36d2b-2cd9-4136-9a60-da7f82f42df4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_SRImtP8dlE
- **2010-06-09**, The John Charnley Research Institute 1.mp4. Film on the John Charnley Research Institute at Wrightington. Retrieval and explant analysis of used components is one of the few ways a bearing failure can be characterised after the fact. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2a3d67fb-73be-417c-849e-acdb5e685c9b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AuU14fF8Y0s
- **2010**, RU089 10. 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Nikolay Pirogov (1810-1881) Surgeon. Nikolai Pirogov used plaster casts, triage and women nurses on the Russian side in the Crimean War. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d0103ea0-74ac-4317-bc8d-84420f2d357e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RU089_10.jpg
- **2010**, Surgeon Nikolay Pirogov 0. Russia, Yaroslavl, medical train «Surgeon Nikolay Pirogov». Nikolai Pirogov used plaster casts, triage and women nurses on the Russian side in the Crimean War. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1c4b1de9-5b84-4d81-a529-3b5674b69b3b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Surgeon_Nikolay_Pirogov_0.jpg
- **2010**, Charta ex qva figvram parare convenit, illi qvae nervorvm seriem exprimit appendendam. Andreas Vesalius published De humani corporis fabrica in 1543. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1e455343-af1d-4978-9147-6de4682b4b3d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charta_ex_qva_figvram_parare_convenit,_illi_qvae_nervorvm_seriem_exprimit_appendendam_(8610535040).jpg
- **2010**, The Canon of Medicine. The Persian manuscript copy of The Canon of Medicine in Museum and Mausoleum of Avicenna, Hamedan, Iran. Ibn Sina, latinised Avicenna, wrote the Canon of Medicine. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/004c79b5-b7d1-42a4-a558-6a5940814b9f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Canon_of_Medicine.jpg
- **2010**, Bron - CERMEP - Salle du scanner TEP-CT de 2010, calibrateur de dosage. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. The Vienna newspaper Die Presse carried the discovery on 5 January 1896 and the report already named the surgical application, that a surgeon could determine the extent of a complicated fracture without painful manual examination. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f2fd9afa-588b-4aaa-b7e8-9414220910ee) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bron_-_CERMEP_-_Salle_du_scanner_TEP-CT_de_2010,_calibrateur_de_dosage.jpg
- **2010**, Radiology 1300289. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. The Vienna newspaper Die Presse carried the discovery on 5 January 1896 and the report already named the surgical application, that a surgeon could determine the extent of a complicated fracture without painful manual examination. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/20485814-a04f-43f6-932f-417ff1c3f434) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Radiology_1300289.JPG
- **2010**, College of Physicians 2. National Historic Landmark since October 2008, College of Physicians in Philadelphia. The National Joint Registry of England and Wales showed revision rates around 12 to 13 percent at five years against an expected 5 to 6 percent, and the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry independently reported 9.3 percent at five years. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1d5c9c82-6443-440d-aa22-f244c8511c86) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:College_of_Physicians_2.JPG
- **2010**, Radiology 1300512 Nevit. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. The Vienna newspaper Die Presse carried the discovery on 5 January 1896 and the report already named the surgical application, that a surgeon could determine the extent of a complicated fracture without painful manual examination. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b655514c-2edc-46b3-829b-bc8a1c34d331) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Radiology_1300512_Nevit.jpg
- **2010**, Anatomy of the human body. The Tashrih-i Mansuri, the anatomy of Mansur ibn Ilyas, is a Persian illustrated anatomical treatise of the late fourteenth century whose full-page skeletal and vascular figures were copied for centuries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2318b015-358d-4485-b890-d2a086bb6ec5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anatomy_of_the_human_body_(8612602499).jpg
- **2010**, External fixator xray. An X-ray image of an external fixator being used for reduction of a broken bone, in this case, a Colle's fracture. Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov developed his circular external fixator in 1951 at Kurgan in western Siberia, a young provincial doctor treating a backlog of poorly healed war injuries far from the Soviet academic centres. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b97c432c-7568-4d39-9c97-7206ed5c131a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:External_fixator_xray.jpg
- **2010**, Wrightington Hall - Geograph 1688146. Part of the Wrightington, Wigan & Leigh Health Trust. Open-air schools, convalescent hospitals, seaside and mountain institutions and long wards of children in frames are social history as much as medical history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ab898d18-e549-4894-bad9-c4b1f3d38efd) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wrightington_Hall_-_Geograph_1688146.jpg
- **2010-07-08**, The First Nobel Prize - Röntgen and the Future of X-Rays \| Tomorrow Today. Deutsche Welle on Röntgen and the first Nobel Prize in Physics, awarded in 1901. Adoption of radiography was near-immediate and specifically for bone, in sharp contrast to antisepsis, which took roughly twenty years. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6769073d-650a-4bd2-859e-106308d7f38a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Plq3VSZf4iY
- **2010-07-21**, Joan Headley, part 05 of 06: "History of the Rehabilitation Gazette". Joan Headley on the history of the Rehabilitation Gazette, a publication produced by and for polio survivors. Post-polio syndrome affects survivors decades after the original illness. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3e904a05-fff2-40cf-b889-48c7ded335b0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vqw-G5XPCI
- **2010-11-15**, Amputation Saw from the Battle of Waterloo. National Army Museum on an amputation saw from the Battle of Waterloo. Waterloo produced amputation on a scale that shaped nineteenth century military surgical practice. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/299b6ef7-5b92-4001-aed7-b0880129f8c9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxGnNTYVO7s
### 2011
- **2011-01-28**, The Scanner Story (Part 1 of 2 of documentary covering early CT development). The Scanner Story, part one of a documentary on early computed tomography development. Godfrey Hounsfield built the first scanner at EMI, funded by a company better known for recorded music. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/10a3ceb4-c891-41c9-a763-b0206fa8e78e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_R47LDdlZM
- **2011-01-28**, The Scanner Story (Part 2 of 2 of documentary covering early CT development). The Scanner Story, part two, on early computed tomography. Hounsfield shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Allan Cormack. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d2da7efb-2b20-4481-b12b-83200c171ac6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBulN83zjuM
- **2011-02-25**, History of Howorth Expo Air Flow. History of the Howorth ultra-clean air system used in operating theatres. Clean-air enclosure for joint replacement came directly out of Charnley's work at Wrightington. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/60de4fc7-0abc-4eeb-8542-9490cc898c9d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOy_xetn1xI
- **2011**, Titanium plaatje voor pols. Medical screws and plate made of titanium, used for fixation after a fracture of the wrist. The history of joint replacement is not primarily a history of surgical technique. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/589eacea-d341-4b26-b539-5517d2364e0c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Titanium_plaatje_voor_pols.jpg
- **2011**, Medical X-Ray imaging FBL04 nevit. Nineteenth and early twentieth century operative atlases are heavily digitised and are literally instructional documents. They are admissible here as artefacts of their period. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/dd4f92ea-488e-4949-ac34-c03cfa772b01) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medical_X-Ray_imaging_FBL04_nevit.jpg
- **2011**, Baker Monitor cast iron hand well pump Highland Recreation Area Michigan. "Monitor" brand cast iron hand well pump, manufactured by Baker Manufacturing Company of Evansville, Wisconsin, at the Highland State Recreation Area, Highland, Michigan. Gotz von Berlichingen was a sixteenth century German knight whose prosthetic iron hands survive. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9db9cfba-60fe-42fe-b772-425dd6d1a9d0) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baker_Monitor_cast_iron_hand_well_pump_Highland_Recreation_Area_Michigan.JPG
- **2011**, Medical X-Ray imaging CTS03 nevit. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. The Vienna newspaper Die Presse carried the discovery on 5 January 1896 and the report already named the surgical application, that a surgeon could determine the extent of a complicated fracture without painful manual examination. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/94360a37-7cfa-44d9-9782-43417ea6d876) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medical_X-Ray_imaging_CTS03_nevit.jpg
- **2011**, Medical X-Ray imaging GIR04 nevit. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. The Vienna newspaper Die Presse carried the discovery on 5 January 1896 and the report already named the surgical application, that a surgeon could determine the extent of a complicated fracture without painful manual examination. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6107bc6a-da52-47b2-bbb6-701af90f2871) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medical_X-Ray_imaging_GIR04_nevit.jpg
- **2011**, Examples of the Intrepid Dynamic Exoskeletal Orthosis brace, 2011. Polio paralysis was responsible for more orthopedic cases than any other disease or condition of its era. For roughly the first two thirds of the twentieth century the visual and institutional identity of orthopedics in Europe and North America was paediatric, non-operative and long-stay. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/735d39ab-621b-43bc-8bc2-c7896ae955eb) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Examples_of_the_Intrepid_Dynamic_Exoskeletal_Orthosis_brace,_2011.jpg
- **2011**, Blue orthosis Ortika (3). Blue orthosis Ortika intended to fixation thumb on the left hand. Polio paralysis was responsible for more orthopedic cases than any other disease or condition of its era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/539d6dd5-9bce-4cc7-9f36-43a37af4b852) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_orthosis_Ortika_(3).jpg
- **2011**, Orthosis Ortex (1). Orthosis Ortex intended to fixation wrist on the left hand. Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/131cc671-a723-450c-93fa-71a570bce691) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orthosis_Ortex_(1).jpg
- **2011**, Princess Eugenie 2011. Princess Eugenie visiting the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital in 2011. Open-air schools, convalescent hospitals, seaside and mountain institutions and long wards of children in frames are social history as much as medical history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3a5e826b-5ad2-464a-b13a-3a0974eb3508) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Princess_Eugenie_2011.png
- **2011-09-05**, 【Around China HQ】 Traditional Mongolian Bone Treatment at Tong Liao City. CCTV documentary on traditional Mongolian bone treatment at Tongliao. Mongolian bonesetting is a distinct tradition from the Chinese one and is still practised. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f3f452cb-5a45-4ade-99c3-8802de844bc9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58U2kwyE1Io
- **2011-09-24**, Water Reed Army Medical Center - The Big Picture. Army film on Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Walter Reed was the principal American military hospital for more than a century before its 2011 closure and merger. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/230961f3-4a80-45d3-946e-cfa2302bdaca) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6JAhNrYTBg
- **2011-11-23**, Controversial medical device withdrawn from market. ABC News Australia on a controversial medical device withdrawn from the market. The DePuy ASR was recalled in 2010; total affected patient numbers and settlement figures vary by source and jurisdiction. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b9dd221b-7092-4e3f-870d-04a8006c7ead) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-whcoNHQrgE
### 2012
- **2012-02-03**, Amputation Kits. Melnick Medical Museum on amputation kits. The fitted amputation set, with capital saw, Liston knife and bone forceps, was standard equipment across the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d5356409-ab3a-421c-b102-38e10d3baeac) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYtz9cAZSIA
- **2012-03-06**, History of the AO: The First 50 Years. AO Foundation film on its first fifty years. The AO was founded in Switzerland in 1958 by a group including Maurice Müller, Martin Allgöwer, Hans Willenegger and Robert Schneider; Müller died in 2009. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ed84a5d8-ff9d-482b-92d3-b3252fab037b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Se5n46BOCvo
- **2012-03-22**, Shoe Store Fluoroscope. A shoe store fluoroscope. These machines sat in shoe shops from the 1920s to the 1970s and delivered unmonitored radiation doses to customers and staff alike. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d6535103-6798-4c7c-a977-ede20f729d2a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVlEXd9w7vk
- **2012-03-23**, FDA Asks J&J, Hip Makers for Data on Metal in Blood. Bloomberg reports the FDA asking Johnson and Johnson and other hip makers for data on metal levels in blood. Cobalt and chromium debris from a failing metal bearing is measurable systemically. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1d6de3ae-2997-4626-9d02-35ae3d5f237f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BirNmOBdVyw
- **2012-05-22**, BIR Adrian Thomas - CT - A Historical Perspective. Adrian Thomas gives the British Institute of Radiology a historical perspective on computed tomography. Godfrey Hounsfield developed the EMI scanner and shared the Nobel Prize in 1979; Hounsfield died in 2004. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d9e98c57-279a-4506-9d28-f392bf023e62) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-b4uRgUhR4E
- **2012**, Orthonyxiespange. A nail correction brace, also known as an orthonyxic brace or simply a nail brace, is used to correct the misalignment of fingernails or toenails in order to prevent the nails from growing. The history of joint replacement is not primarily a history of surgical technique. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a6e1cc94-fea4-41cf-9101-c6253861162d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orthonyxiespange.jpg
- **2012**, Schlittenprothese. Projectional radiographs of a medial unicompartmental knee prosthesis. John Insall, English-born and working at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, is the central name in modern total knee arthroplasty, associated with the total condylar design of the 1970s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/501590d4-b631-4623-84f4-ec702ec70321) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Schlittenprothese.jpg
- **2012**, Hippocrates, UCL, Gower Street, London. Bust named Hippocrates at University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London, UK Erected in 1930 above the medical bookshop HK Lewis, this bust is modelled from a sculpted head at the British Museum. The Hippocratic bench, or scamnum, was a wooden traction apparatus with windlasses. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3298c94f-0042-49af-87f4-eed065ece6e0) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hippocrates,_UCL,_Gower_Street,_London.JPG
- **2012**, Japanese-bonesetter-2012. Japanese bone-setting shop (Sekkotsu). Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5ff974d7-57f1-415f-9953-8fea61cb0299) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese-bonesetter-2012.jpg
- **2012-07-16**, History of Osteopathy. Lecture on the history of osteopathy. Osteopathy, chiropractic and bonesetting all developed alongside orthopedic surgery and competed with it for the same patients. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5c3374dd-4675-4889-a73a-041c454abe1b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_kB2R-kmNU
- **2012-08-09**, World War I hand or finger therapy device. A First World War hand and finger therapy device from the Mütter Museum in Philadelphia. Devices like this belong to the wartime rehabilitation programmes that followed the mass limb and hand injuries of 1914 to 1918. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3c6ad17d-351d-488e-bd19-b9ecd97736e3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFfjKwoQMn0
- **2012-09-06**, "Spare Parts" Presentation by Jeff Sobil. Jeff Sobil presents Spare Parts at the Canadian Museum of Health Care. Museum limb collections document fitting practice as well as device design. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a1601d1a-4c12-4ce6-a7c2-c9a2e47cf78c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXjIVflGOvk
- **2012-10-24**, Undercover investigation exposes implant scandal. Telegraph undercover investigation into the implant scandal. Device regulation in Europe at the time relied on notified bodies rather than on a central approval authority. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c4c1ed9d-5a81-491e-8822-bff4b2f66141) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQbFDJwsmeI
- **2012-11-22**, Sir John Charnley. Short film on Sir John Charnley. Charnley worked at Wrightington, a former tuberculosis sanatorium repurposed as skeletal tuberculosis declined, which is the same institutional pattern seen in polio hospitals. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e82059c3-eb86-4800-b6e9-eeace4db9e5f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dc6jgmmTHsA
### 2013
- **2013-01-11**, War Surgery, 1914-18. National Army Museum on war surgery from 1914 to 1918. Debridement, wound irrigation, transfusion, anti-tetanus treatment and faster evacuation all changed together, which is why single-cause claims about the period do not hold. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f45ba8d3-a854-49b3-9a26-bba4fcd6066b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ldaRj8Ptx8
- **2013-02-07**, Sir Peter Mansfield talks about the development of MRI. Sir Peter Mansfield of the University of Nottingham on the development of magnetic resonance imaging. Mansfield shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2003 and died in 2017. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4d58607c-c4e2-4498-8c53-ce77ef949f37) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aK_JZjRmUWk
- **2013-02-09**, 50 years of the Charnley Hip Replacement. Wrightington marks fifty years of the Charnley hip replacement. Wrightington was a former tuberculosis sanatorium, repurposed as skeletal tuberculosis declined. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/66b5218f-3b89-467f-b182-1ac3bd060009) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GsD8vTES-Q
- **2013-04-03**, The Mandeville Legacy - Paralympics Documentary. The Mandeville Legacy on the origins of the Paralympic movement. Ludwig Guttmann organised the first Stoke Mandeville Games in 1948, on the day the London Olympics opened. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7f668f76-19fc-4327-88e7-515702639989) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-rB6QdAa_Y
- **2013-04-16**, Full Interview of Dr. Sabin with Drs. Benison and Felson, 1979. A 1979 interview with Albert Sabin, who developed the oral polio vaccine. Sabin's vaccine followed Salk's and became the main global tool; Sabin died in 1993. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/01eba800-9160-44de-90e3-04d1cb9d0285) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZICHsKySsj0
- **2013-05-23**, Hunterian Museum Bicentenary - with subtitles. Royal College of Surgeons film marking the Hunterian Museum bicentenary. The museum's specimens are the surviving evidence base of British surgical teaching from the eighteenth century onward. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e5fab8b3-be7b-42e3-b409-8d27693ff6a2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFkAS3ZSnzg
- **2013**, Blausen 0446 HarringtonRods. Harrington Rods used in Spinal Fusion. Paul Harrington introduced the Harrington rod distraction system, the first widely used internal fixation system for idiopathic scoliosis when combined with fusion. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/59053f6f-0a3c-4916-9911-a8df8ec55627) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0446_HarringtonRods.png
- **2013**, Radiograph with knee angles. Projectional radiograph with angles used to evaluate knee replacement: FFC: frontal femoral component angle FTC: frontal tibial component angle LFC: lateral femoral component angle LTC: lateral tibial component angle. John Insall, English-born and working at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, is the central name in modern total knee arthroplasty, associated with the total condylar design of the 1970s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/27811dc3-79e3-40c8-b663-9d001cfb2af6) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Radiograph_with_knee_angles.jpg
- **2013**, Go Time, CLB-6 finishes ITX in Mojave Desert. A spinning circle of light signals a helicopter during casualty evacuation training conducted by Combat Logistics Battalion 6, 2nd Marine Logistics Group, at Twentynine Palms, Calif., June 3, 2013. Evacuation as a system, rather than any single device, is arguably war's greatest contribution to this field, and it begins with Larrey's flying ambulances. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5e61eca9-a5b8-46c0-b269-4fecf28bfa6f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Go_Time,_CLB-6_finishes_ITX_in_Mojave_Desert_130604-M-ZB219-910.jpg
- **2013**, Mutter 0751. Mutter Museum Plaque by the College of Physicians on 22nd Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, as seen in 2013. Osteological atlases and articulated skeletons are the reference against which every deformity and fracture in this archive was read. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4f7b448b-53e5-485b-96e8-c4f8d7ff1ceb) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mutter_0751.jpg
- **2013**, Port Moresby prosthetic limbs. Prosthetic limbs being manufactured in the Port Moresby General Hospital compound. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/90e5cc29-5754-4c35-98f2-7bcc3a9dd329) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Port_Moresby_prosthetic_limbs_(10714093274).jpg
- **2013**, Heli-FX Applier Updated. Photo of the Heli-FX Applier from 2013. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b5c3e7a4-95b8-4bfc-a8d6-228f3b79676c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heli-FX_Applier_Updated.jpg
- **2013-07-09**, California Joint Replacement Registry: Learn By Listening. California Health Care Foundation on the California Joint Replacement Registry. Registry coverage in the United States has been fragmented compared with the national schemes in England, Wales, Australia and Sweden. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9b48cb15-1eb8-43eb-a83e-3f732b8f5970) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWnrDwdB2FY
- **2013-07-11**, The Birmingham Hip Resurfacing Story - Archive - Joseph Daniel 2005 The McMinn Centre. Archive presentation from the McMinn Centre on the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing. This is material from a centre with a direct commercial interest in the device, and it should be read as an interested party's account. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5f7e1e43-39ae-4f36-8b0c-3f2db35484a1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YrMJCuXT1s
- **2013-08-02**, Systemic Exposure in Large and Small Diameter Metal-Metal Total Hip Replacements - Hena Ziaee 2007. Presentation on systemic metal exposure from large and small diameter metal on metal hip replacements, recorded in 2007. Metal on metal bearings had already failed once, as McKee-Farrar, before they were reintroduced. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6e8c96d0-36f0-4719-9262-e21779eb7228) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLabc6MkUy0
- **2013-11-07**, Margaret Maughan interview about meeting Sir Ludwig Guttmann. Margaret Maughan on meeting Sir Ludwig Guttmann. Maughan won Britain's first Paralympic gold medal in 1960 and died in 2020. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/26259313-5738-429c-a131-76b3aa48c237) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajjgvHKHzyc
- **2013-11-20**, Archive: From Sir John Charnley to the Present: Have We Made Progress in Hip Replacement?. University of Washington archive lecture asking whether hip replacement has progressed since Charnley. Charnley's Teflon failure and the 2010 ASR recall are the same failure fifty years apart, bearing debris provoking destructive tissue reaction. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/53b1ebf2-269a-487b-b414-129e6cdbec8b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2spmljDWzM
- **2013-11-26**, Sir Robert Jones (1961). Wellcome Library film about Sir Robert Jones, the Liverpool surgeon who deployed the Thomas splint at the front in the First World War. Jones was the nephew and pupil of Hugh Owen Thomas, who designed the splint in 1875 and died in 1891. Jones also ran the Manchester Ship Canal accident service from 1888 to 1893, a civilian industrial origin for trauma systems. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6eff59f8-4dff-4eb4-89cd-656d30923231) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fkIUAAHbH_E
### 2014
- **2014-02-11**, History of Radiology 1895-2013 - E. A. Franken Jr, MD. University of Iowa lecture covering the history of radiology from 1895 to 2013. The century spans glass plates, the image intensifier, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/970e6d0a-52bf-409e-9cac-c14b34991527) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQXBZmD7R_s
- **2014-05-26**, Broken Bodies, Suffering Spirits Part 3: Civil War Doctors. Mütter Museum on Civil War doctors, part of its Broken Bodies, Suffering Spirits series. Most Civil War surgeons had little or no prior surgical experience. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/674e4b09-045a-4c94-bdc2-f97d0a58fc72) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-A02frJD1k
- **2014-05-28**, Afghanistan wheelchair basketball making history. Al Jazeera on wheelchair basketball in Afghanistan. Disability sport in countries with high rates of blast injury has a different origin from its European history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c44949c8-b015-4250-9d0c-195821b0a84d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ip13AE86FWw
- **2014**, Ilizarov on right leg. 1951 at Kurgan in western Siberia, a young provincial doctor treating a backlog of poorly healed war injuries far from the Soviet academic centres. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/98fcc8e3-7771-44c1-a705-3523ce7f35ca) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ilizarov_on_right_leg.jpg
- **2014**, Polio Vaccination - Egypt. During a polio eradication campaign in Egypt, an FETP resident supervises the vaccination of children at a health office in Gharbia, in April 2014. Polio paralysis was responsible for more orthopedic cases than any other disease or condition of its era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/138cf068-5e41-473c-85e8-c8caea4d3e90) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polio_Vaccination_-_Egypt_(16868521330).jpg
- **2014**, A. Pare, Les oeuvres; a clyster. Ambroise Pare revived the ligature of arteries in amputation in place of hot cautery. He did not invent it: Galen used it and al-Zahrawi described it, and it was largely lost in medieval Europe. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d098c869-9bf5-41cd-ac34-10457e9b6506) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A._Pare,_Les_oeuvres;_a_clyster_Wellcome_L0013154.jpg
- **2014**, A. Pare, Les oeuvres; clyster. Ambroise Pare revived the ligature of arteries in amputation in place of hot cautery. He did not invent it: Galen used it and al-Zahrawi described it, and it was largely lost in medieval Europe. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/78e45585-8c80-49a0-a6e6-33e5aa989e70) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A._Pare,_Les_oeuvres;_clyster_Wellcome_L0013153.jpg
- **2014**, Trepanned skull, New Britain. Trepanation, the cutting of an opening in the skull, is among the oldest operations for which there is physical evidence, and trepanned skulls with healed margins survive in museum collections worldwide, showing that people lived afterwards. It is a foundational subject in palaeopathology rather than a procedure this archive describes. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b7cf9cbd-663d-4a3e-b48b-2138e5ce451a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trepanned_skull,_New_Britain_Wellcome_M0005286.jpg
- **2014**, Top of a skull and instrument. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1cd36e9c-34b9-4c5b-b183-3b93778584ad) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Top_of_a_skull_and_instrument._Wellcome_M0003706.jpg
- **2014**, Superhuman; exploring human enhancements from 600BCE to 2050 [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/40f570e9-3bfd-44d2-8926-28b5fb43b4fd) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Superhuman;_exploring_human_enhancements_from_600BCE_to_2050_Wellcome_L0071602.jpg
- **2014**, A.H. Hassall, The Microscopic Anatomy of the Human Body... [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/bc681552-5d5d-489e-97e7-d0808292d2cf) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A.H._Hassall,_The_Microscopic_Anatomy_of_the_Human_Body..._Wellcome_L0031114.jpg
- **2014**, Surgical instruments and procedures. Various surgical instruments and procedures, including surgery of the nose. The modern prosthetics story is heavily marketed and heavily inspirational in tone. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3b12204e-7e66-4a5a-9245-6656a26bda24) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Surgical_instruments_and_procedures_Wellcome_L0041286.jpg
- **2014**, W. Cheselden, The anatomy of the human body.. (detail), Cheselden using a camera obscura. William Cheselden published Osteographia, an atlas of the human skeleton. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/712e25f1-d1c7-4fcc-95bf-b9499e15cae5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:W._Cheselden,_The_anatomy_of_the_human_body._Wellcome_L0022236.jpg
- **2014**, Upperlimb Orthotics variety of orthoses. Variety of low temperature upperlimb orthoses. Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/299d80d8-314d-4546-a157-05433a68f2de) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Upperlimb_Orthotics_variety_of_orthoses.JPG
- **2014**, The arteries of the human body with a foetus in the womb. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d47ffc9e-7aeb-449c-9094-2220a0253e20) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_arteries_of_the_human_body_with_a_foetus_in_the_womb._Wellcome_L0011465.jpg
- **2014**, Pathological conditions found in bones of Ancient Egyptians. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1bc520d0-0594-40c9-864d-1c60923e3c4d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pathological_conditions_found_in_bones_of_Ancient_Egyptians._Wellcome_M0018169.jpg
- **2014**, Upperlimb Orthosis Wrist Hand Orthosis. Low temperature Wrist Hand Orthosis. Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b0ebef42-8544-4ce2-a677-276e13bc7c46) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Upperlimb_Orthosis_Wrist_Hand_Orthosis.JPG
- **2014**, Femur of large adult cave bear which shows healed fracture. Femur of a large adult cave bear, Ursus Spelaeus, which shows a healed fracture somewhat below the middle etc. Osteological atlases and articulated skeletons are the reference against which every deformity and fracture in this archive was read. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f738a4a5-e7c8-4673-9061-d099fbc51c64) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Femur_of_large_adult_cave_bear_which_shows_healed_fracture_Wellcome_M0008858.jpg
- **2014**, Arab speculum, described by Albucasis (936-1013).. ). Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, latinised Albucasis, of Cordoba, wrote the thirty-volume Kitab al-Tasrif whose final surgical volume was illustrated with drawings of instruments. He described a method for reducing a dislocated shoulder corresponding to what is taught as Kocher's method, centuries before Kocher was born. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/75c59a59-70be-4cd1-aad5-32009047da54) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arab_speculum,_described_by_Albucasis_(936-1013)._Wellcome_M0008195.jpg
- **2014**, Speculum; wood. Reconstruction of Abulcasis (A.D. 936-1013). Wood reconstruction of Abulcasis (A.D. 936-1013). Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, latinised Albucasis, of Cordoba, wrote the thirty-volume Kitab al-Tasrif whose final surgical volume was illustrated with drawings of instruments. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e3231345-6176-4245-9ac6-afcb8cf386e1) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Speculum;_wood._Reconstruction_of_Abulcasis_(A.D._936-1013)_Wellcome_L0011532.jpg
- **2014**, The entrance to the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital on Wood Lane - geograph.org.uk - 4148956. Open-air schools, convalescent hospitals, seaside and mountain institutions and long wards of children in frames are social history as much as medical history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a97db62e-75d4-4edf-89d8-6324c4481570) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_entrance_to_the_Royal_National_Orthopaedic_Hospital_on_Wood_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4148956.jpg
- **2014**, Surgical Equipment from Das Buch der Cirurgia. Examples of contemporary surgical equipment including devices recognisable as scissors or shears, forcept, bone saws and a razor, though some tools may no longer be in use. Amputation saws are the emblematic instrument of pre-anaesthetic surgery. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e9cd6252-9d2e-42a6-9508-bf1193e5f256) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Surgical_Equipment_from_Das_Buch_der_Cirurgia_Wellcome_L0069603.jpg
- **2014**, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital on Brockley Hill - geograph.org.uk - 4063574. Open-air schools, convalescent hospitals, seaside and mountain institutions and long wards of children in frames are social history as much as medical history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/80575d72-1e16-4e2a-be21-6087dcccff56) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Royal_National_Orthopaedic_Hospital_on_Brockley_Hill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4063574.jpg
- **2014**, Laparoscopic surgery in Afghanistan. Improvised explosive devices produce a characteristic pattern of multiple traumatic amputation with survival, because body armour and rapid evacuation keep casualties alive with injuries that were previously fatal. Improved survival is a change in who lives to be counted, and it produces more amputees, not fewer. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/870c08a4-cb35-42f1-b5a4-4d23a1fa5688) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laparoscopic_surgery_in_Afghanistan_141130-N-JY715-332.jpg
- **2014**, A medicinal dictionary, detail; amputations (after Heister). Detail: amputations (after Heister). Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/497d51e3-f2ad-4d64-b274-2ffae0bfdbbd) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_medicinal_dictionary,_detail;_amputations_(after_Heister)_Wellcome_L0001466.jpg
- **2014**, Edward Hickling Bradford. Photogravure after Marshal. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/594494c5-06e8-400e-91f2-83c78139f067) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Hickling_Bradford._Photogravure_after_Marshal._Wellcome_V0026075.jpg
- **2014-07-23**, Broken Bodies, Suffering Spirits Part 7: Wounds and Surgery. Mütter Museum on wounds and surgery in its Broken Bodies, Suffering Spirits series about the American Civil War. Much of this material depicts identifiable patients who could not consent to being recorded. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6aa5ab42-ebdf-4b8e-b6d2-50293ad47ee8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvV7zUVL18k
- **2014-08-01**, Infections - WW1 Uncut - BBC. BBC on wound infection in the First World War. Antisepsis had been superseded by asepsis, but neither answered the heavily contaminated wounds of the Western Front. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d0895ac2-22a9-4259-a44e-afee351a8186) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8OazQml0gw
- **2014-08-05**, WWI Legacies: Prosthetics. Wall Street Journal on the prosthetic legacies of the First World War. State limb-fitting programmes were among the first large disability services in Europe. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/658a8f35-1bbd-4f10-928f-f70f124c45cc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4NgZON8wb0
- **2014-10-08**, The Old Operating Theatre with Mark Pilkington \| Medical London. Wellcome Collection at the Old Operating Theatre with Mark Pilkington. The theatre dates from before anaesthesia and before antisepsis, and its layout was designed for students to watch. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/200bd51b-f9c1-42b7-a93b-79d2531090b4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7QnkLP8jWGc
- **2014-10-08**, Broken Bodies, Suffering Spirits Part 9: Medical Legacy. Mütter Museum on the medical legacy of the American Civil War. The Army Medical Museum, founded in 1862, and the Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion came directly out of it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9763a186-b3fd-4021-8a37-6f6eb59cec61) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHudyelclbk
- **2014-11-05**, Charlie’s War: An Interview With Second World War Amputee Veteran Charlie Jefferson (1924-2024). The War Amps interview with Second World War amputee veteran Charlie Jefferson, 1924 to 2024. The War Amps was founded by returning amputees themselves. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f44473e2-5ff7-49cf-917d-01d2879099a9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sEPdc3wTtw
### 2015
- **2015-03-02**, A Lifetime of Service – The Story of Doug Cushway (1923 – 2019). The War Amps on Doug Cushway, 1923 to 2019, an amputee veteran and long-serving advocate. The War Amps was founded by returning amputees themselves. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8ca2c2c6-129b-4c4e-8edf-1116a519a34e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1N55VeGuSZY
- **2015-03-16**, Digitised Diseases: 3D digital documentation of bone change in cases of chronic disease. Lecture on the Digitised Diseases project, which produced three dimensional records of bone change in chronic disease from archaeological and museum collections. Palaeopathology is a photographable discipline in its own right and predates every orthopedic text. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8e4b11a4-73ca-49be-8e70-09f225dbf4b2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1N9rSnI9-Xw
- **2015-03-18**, Queensland doctors and nurses in the First World War digital story. State Library of Queensland on doctors and nurses in the First World War. Australian medical personnel served in Egypt, Gallipoli and on the Western Front. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/73d24126-ddcb-472d-9704-2376fc2945ba) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCxTPZVbmS8
- **2015-04-01**, Science Matters \| Episode 106 \| X-ray Machines in Shoes Stores. Nine PBS on X-ray machines in shoe stores. The devices were commercially normal for roughly fifty years. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5ea2b10b-13e3-4887-8b6c-560bf0fdc701) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CYWJ_co4AE
- **2015-04-15**, Oral history interview with Dr. Patricia J. Numann. American College of Surgeons oral history interview with Patricia Numann. Numann founded the Association of Women Surgeons and became the College's second woman president. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1e92ac69-6b22-4397-9602-2bb34a4079aa) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7aUq-gLjpA
- **2015-04-23**, Fabrication process of artificial limbs. Fabrication of artificial limbs in India. The Jaipur foot uses locally available materials and can be made and fitted in a single day. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/31707741-70e8-4a64-a1d0-478e75f8a247) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qv7_NA3jvfA
- **2015-04-23**, Patient fitting an artificial limb, Jaipur. A patient being fitted with an artificial limb in Jaipur. Fitting, not manufacture, is usually the limiting step in limb provision. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d74b8798-28d1-4ca0-a09e-6b117e75463d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1_X6MavMZk
- **2015-04-24**, Making artificial limbs for amputees [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b466a467-f5bc-454b-ba19-6d0b0e178e16) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aP0nGYG6kQM
- **2015-04-27**, Jaipur foot: Innovation for amputees. On the Jaipur foot as an innovation for amputees. It was developed in Rajasthan for users who walk barefoot, squat and work in wet conditions. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a0510417-3b0e-45d0-9f54-d99e9e852cba) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MAEUCGD7K0
- **2015-06-03**, Civil War Medicine & Surgery (broadcast 2015 June 3). US National Archives on Civil War medicine and surgery. The war generated the first systematic American military medical record-keeping. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e6184d4d-3297-4c21-8f8d-cab9e2d98ce6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHuZ4dDyg5I
- **2015-06-12**, How prosthetics went from peg legs to biolimbs. Vox on the long arc from peg legs to powered limbs. Ancient prostheses survive, including the wooden and leather Cairo toe and the Greville Chester toe, both from Egypt. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/068f39e7-153b-4305-b732-c6af83deb8d3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fITEtWtgjHg
- **2015**, The patriotic open osteosynthesis. The surgical treatment of mandibular angle fracture. Plates and screws were used from the late nineteenth century onward. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2ebbcd52-01ad-4275-920e-aeee5af7f1df) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_patriotic_open_osteosynthesis.jpg
- **2015**, Qanun (Fil-Tibb), Canon (of Medicine), vol. 5, by Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Iran or Iraq, dated 444 AH, 1052 AD, watercolor and ink on paper - Aga Khan Museum - Toronto, Canada. Exhibit in the Aga Khan Museum - Toronto, Canada. Ibn Sina, latinised Avicenna, wrote the Canon of Medicine. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0f10e5d6-afe1-4673-be83-3d18395d424e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qanun_(Fil-Tibb),_Canon_(of_Medicine),_vol._5,_by_Ibn_Sina_(Avicenna),_Iran_or_Iraq,_dated_444_AH,_1052_AD,_watercolor_and_ink_on_paper_-_Aga_Khan_Museum_-_Toronto,_Canada_-_DSC06338.jpg
- **2015**, AFO Ankle Foot Orthosis Orthotic Brace. An Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) brace is a type of orthotic. Polio paralysis was responsible for more orthopedic cases than any other disease or condition of its era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5c18604f-d227-4d9a-8822-be7670be2728) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AFO_Ankle_Foot_Orthosis_Orthotic_Brace.JPG
- **2015**, 2015 Victims of War in Ukraine - Exhibition by Still Miracle Photography. This photography exhibition uncovers complex issues surrounding the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine. War has repeatedly acted as an accelerator and a systematiser of orthopedic practice and a builder of institutions, but the science that made those advances possible was overwhelmingly civilian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/be0bb922-c89f-4ee4-9a2c-6630a6114b39) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2015_Victims_of_War_in_Ukraine_-_Exhibition_by_Still_Miracle_Photography.jpg
- **2015**, Schädelbohrer (Anfang 20. Jh., MUT). Trepanierbohrer, Edelstahl, frühes 20. Trepanation, the cutting of an opening in the skull, is among the oldest operations for which there is physical evidence, and trepanned skulls with healed margins survive in museum collections worldwide, showing that people lived afterwards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9a23e03d-46f6-47d2-904a-3156c43d34e9) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sch%C3%A4delbohrer_(Anfang_20._Jh.,_MUT).jpg
- **2015-06-25**, Guess What's on the Curator's Desk: Angiotribe. Mütter Museum curator's object talk on the angiotribe, a nineteenth century haemostatic clamp. Instrument collections are the most direct surviving evidence of what surgeons of a period actually had in their hands. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3c28f6a3-e1f6-4c29-a0ee-305306029e83) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4F7lbY7w0s
- **2015-07-21**, Efforts to de-mine country and rehabilitate victims. AP Archive on de-mining and the rehabilitation of landmine victims. Blast amputation and limb fitting in mine-affected countries is contemporary practice. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5f0f7eec-068b-4e3c-a235-2da49f03605b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GUV-p3m52pI
- **2015-07-30**, Museum devoted to battlefield surgery. AP Archive on a museum devoted to battlefield surgery. Military medical museums hold instruments, specimens and photography that civilian collections generally do not. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e46eb239-8fe4-4f3d-b0f0-85a284207923) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWoSY4E1Ins
- **2015-07-31**, Prosthetic limbs give hope to some in North Korea. AP Archive on prosthetic limb provision in North Korea. Limb fitting in low-resource and closed settings is a distinct problem from limb design. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6cbe9bb3-f597-4dfd-8840-98c2be785e12) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXAtHyL7zAc
- **2015-08-03**, The development of orthopaedic surgery in WWI. AP Archive footage on the development of orthopaedic surgery in the First World War. The claim that war drives orthopedic advance is only half true, because the enabling science of the period was overwhelmingly civilian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1f15be2e-e36d-486c-bec9-f24984f20660) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RK10RmcWdIU
- **2015-08-10**, Oral history interview with Dr. Edward Laws. American College of Surgeons oral history interview with Edward Laws. The ACS oral history programme records careers that the published literature does not. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/00fc9d60-6653-47cb-8af4-48839434295c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rB-CbIw_uNI
- **2015-08-10**, Oral history interview with Dr. Edward Copeland. American College of Surgeons oral history interview with Edward Copeland. The interviews cover the mid twentieth century transformation of American surgery. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/13537ac3-341b-49c7-8eb2-962ff126dee4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KS3g_4-_I64
- **2015-08-10**, Oral history interview with Dr. LaMar McGinnis, Jr.. American College of Surgeons oral history interview with LaMar McGinnis. Long-form interviews are the College's main first-person archive. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/23f83d22-88b9-439e-a207-833318b05a65) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b815iQzmAwY
- **2015-08-10**, Oral history interview with Dr. John Cameron. American College of Surgeons oral history interview with John Cameron. Oral history captures how surgical training and practice actually changed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/342882f0-dd44-4ac6-89d2-5cd94167f609) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8zCE_LkDFw
- **2015-08-10**, Oral history interview with Dr. Kathryn Anderson. American College of Surgeons oral history interview with Kathryn Anderson. Anderson was the first woman president of the American College of Surgeons. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a4d21b49-1704-402f-8bc6-f02d38030677) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUI6iLBfheA
- **2015-08-10**, Oral history interview with Dr. Gerald Healy. American College of Surgeons oral history interview with Gerald Healy. The programme has recorded dozens of long-form career interviews. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b59263c5-a7fc-4dfa-adda-69b50d687566) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCexOCiW3xA
- **2015-08-10**, Oral history interview with Dr. Thomas Russell. American College of Surgeons oral history interview with Thomas Russell. Russell served as executive director of the College. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d35daa37-e7d0-4f8a-ad2e-0700e76cc0d3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNlioVgFcGY
- **2015-08-10**, Oral history interview with Dr. David Murray. American College of Surgeons oral history interview with David Murray. Oral history interviews of this kind record training conditions that no longer exist. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ef1f603a-3275-435f-9517-15c6076ececc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gF0bxsy8iYA
- **2015-08-10**, Oral history interview with Dr. LaSalle Leffall. American College of Surgeons oral history interview with LaSalle Leffall. Leffall was the first Black president of the College; he died in 2019. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f1520282-1d31-4bef-9e4c-d97d891ae32c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpXMh_z5lmY
- **2015-09-18**, War doctor \| On The Frontline. International Committee of the Red Cross on the work of a war surgeon. War surgery is contemporary practice, not only history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cd3ed08f-fb8b-432c-8e36-d124e9505422) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcn8QkwyM7k
- **2015-11-02**, The History of Amputation: Dr. Robert Liston – Anatomy, Dexterity, and Amputations. Lecture on Robert Liston and the history of amputation. Liston operated in the years immediately before anaesthesia, when speed was the principal virtue a surgeon could offer. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4519b306-08f1-4d0d-a47b-b95bc618f41d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alKw6mOGI-M
- **2015-11-09**, Those We Served: Admiral Joe Sestak Walks in the Shoes of Pisey Tan, a Double Amputee Iraq War Vet. On Pisey Tan, a double amputee Iraq war veteran. Prosthetic provision for veterans is a state responsibility with a long and uneven history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cb2d6533-4d1c-4ddf-8ce2-337dd189f799) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTiClvwr5gE
- **2015-11-11**, The Evolution of Battlefield Medicine. Columbia University Department of Surgery on the evolution of battlefield medicine. Dominique Jean Larrey's flying ambulances of the Napoleonic wars introduced organised evacuation and a form of triage. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b71d5bc2-97cf-433b-b107-d9d6b52c5dfc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29vBQF3L-ns
- **2015-12-23**, Ciara's story - clip from documentary film - "The Back Story". Clip from The Back Story, a documentary about children with scoliosis. Bracing is worn for years and its social cost falls almost entirely on adolescents. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/fac869f8-94cb-417a-b251-fd49398dd8d2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgO35pLVzoI
- **2015-12-26**, How 3-D-Printed Prosthetic Hands Are Changing These Kids’ Lives \| Short Film Showcase. National Geographic on 3D printed prosthetic hands for children. Printed hands are cheap enough to replace as a child grows, which conventional prosthetics are not. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/dce7b186-ae84-4069-a19e-6045cf421180) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cl8ijPGEKO8
### 2016
- **2016-01-11**, The Iron Lung and Polio by M.Rockoff \| OPENPediatrics. OPENPediatrics on the iron lung and polio. The machine treated respiratory failure, not the paralysis itself. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0716406a-a041-4747-ad5d-11a5759d2d00) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUCqsl6JROg
- **2016-01-11**, WWII WOUNDED VETERANS / ARTIFICIAL LIMBS FOR AMPUTEES 77054 Xx. American film on wounded Second World War veterans and artificial limbs. Rehabilitation films of this period were made to persuade the public as much as to inform patients. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a65906db-12bf-48a6-ae88-691d23645984) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JujnkwrpfII
- **2016-01-16**, Jen's Story clip from documentary The Back Story Changing the Lives of Kids with Scoliosis HD. A second patient account from The Back Story. Weinstein and Ponseti's forty year follow-up study is the standard reference for the natural history of untreated scoliosis. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/72f6dd8b-8f8f-4085-b896-9651962fe733) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECllhT4B0wE
- **2016-01-20**, Cannibals and Saints: Bones as Medicine in Early Modern Europe. Lecture on bones used as medicine in early modern Europe. Human remains circulated as materia medica, which is part of the collecting history behind museum skeletal holdings. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/81d78efb-11a2-4d32-bdcf-751f7c84f193) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oKzjd4uqug
- **2016-02-04**, "A Century of Excellence" History of Johns Hopkins Orthopaedic Surgery HD. Johns Hopkins on a century of its orthopaedic surgery department. Institutional histories of this kind record how a specialty built around children, polio and skeletal tuberculosis reoriented toward trauma and degenerative disease after the 1950s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3c14fe56-34cd-4b06-b3a4-5b307fa99c27) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ETsK7lE6DLU
- **2016-02-04**, The Case of the Legless Veteran: James Kutcher. On James Kutcher, an American veteran who lost both legs in the Second World War and was later dismissed from federal employment for his politics. Disability and civil rights intersect directly in his case. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/fac907cb-73f5-4bd8-8a87-6e94f695eddc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sbdlIdt9HY
- **2016-02-22**, Making Artificial Limbs More Comfortable \| Nat Geo Live. National Geographic Live on making artificial limbs more comfortable. The socket interface, not the mechanism, is what most limb users report as the daily problem. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/239094b9-fc3a-4e9e-b032-6082b650ec4d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQQAOupDMVs
- **2016-02-29**, Vintage X-ray machine that survived Nazi Germany. Wellcome Collection on a vintage X-ray machine that survived Nazi Germany. Apparatus of this age documents the physical scale and hazard of early radiography. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0bfd4d22-db85-4031-82c8-8a6f8e0df737) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGgUESqpalE
- **2016-03-04**, Russia Today. Ilizarov Center. Передача на английском языке, 2008год. English-language broadcast from 2008 about the Ilizarov Centre in Kurgan. The institution Ilizarov built in a Siberian city is still the reference centre for his method. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a3aefa26-0dfb-4d03-903a-6599e86f08c0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oEcL9OTiF98
- **2016-03-18**, First X-rays for clinical purposes: Little-known objects in UCL Museums & Collections no. 2. UCL on objects associated with the first clinical use of X-rays in its museums and collections. Clinical fracture radiography followed Röntgen's announcement within weeks. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d9a32344-d516-49cf-95b5-7e6fbb321f56) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLl6mSaNVAs
- **2016-04-08**, Heather Perry: “Recycling the Disabled: Modern Medicine in the First World War”. Heather Perry on medicine and disability in the First World War. Wartime rehabilitation was framed around returning men to economic productivity rather than around the men themselves. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e74e7a81-71ae-45f2-b40d-e8db1fd34a01) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sN0qO8SO_7A
- **2016-04-21**, Galen’s Zygoma: The Birth of Anatomical Terminology: A Confluence of Medicine, Language and History. Lecture on Galen's zygoma and the origins of anatomical terminology. Much of the language orthopedics still uses descends from Greek and Latin sources by way of Arabic transmission. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/abc4d243-c890-47d6-aa4c-0c21a158b505) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqkaj8WQ62A
- **2016-06-07**, Histoire des déformations rachidiennes - BANCEL P, DUBOUSSET J (Paris). Jean Dubousset and P. Bancel at the Académie Nationale de Chirurgie in Paris on the history of spinal deformity. Dubousset gave his name, with Yves Cotrel, to the instrumentation system that succeeded the Harrington rod. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/483cc437-e50c-4677-8f82-8c4c2041700b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90AGd_JS2dk
- **2016**, 5 Cr.Sommer, O.Filipov, B.Gueorguiev, Tuebingen, Germany, 2016. The history of joint replacement is not primarily a history of surgical technique. It is a history of materials, of wear debris, and of how the body reacts to particles. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/05264ecf-89fd-478b-9d03-bda9dd9c3402) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:5_Cr.Sommer,_O.Filipov,_B.Gueorguiev,_Tuebingen,_Germany,_2016.jpg
- **2016**, Bust of Hippocrates at the McGovern Medical School. Bust of Hippocrates, found adjacent to Webber Plaza and McGovern Medical School. The Hippocratic bench, or scamnum, was a wooden traction apparatus with windlasses. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a598923c-5f61-4bbe-8cea-a393c769722d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bust_of_Hippocrates_at_the_McGovern_Medical_School.jpg
- **2016**, Ankle foot orthosis splint. An Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) is a type of splint used to support the foot and ankle. Splinting and bandaging to immobilise a fracture is attested for at least three thousand years, in Egyptian, Greek, Indian and Chinese practice alike, long before the word orthopaedics existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1be08646-721c-4dfa-8e54-3eb2ac73ed28) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ankle_foot_orthosis_splint.JPG
- **2016**, New CT scanner bolsters medical capabilities in theater. A U.S. Air Force member lays down as as he is positioned inside of the new CT Scanner at Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar, Nov. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/81d60473-9443-4188-adbf-08a2102cc606) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New_CT_scanner_bolsters_medical_capabilities_in_theater_161121-F-NN480-0002.jpg
- **2016**, New CT scanner bolsters medical capabilities in theater. The inside of a new Computed Tomography scanner is shown as it is installed at Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar, Oct. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/604ae8dd-a04e-48ae-bcac-f576014a10a1) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New_CT_scanner_bolsters_medical_capabilities_in_theater_161015-F-ZZ999-0001.jpg
- **2016**, Dilophosaurus pathologies. Pathological features in the forelimbs and left scapula of UCMP 37302 (Dilophosaurus wetherilli). Pathological bone specimens in museum collections are the physical record of conditions that antibiotics and vaccines later made rare in wealthy countries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/fc039c4b-b538-47e6-96db-6c86649706fa) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dilophosaurus_pathologies.PNG
- **2016**, MAST Course Training At The Royal College Of Surgeons - Fri 1 Apr 2016 MOD 45164008. Pictured are service personnel during a MAST Course Training at The Royal College of Surgeons - Fri 18 Mar 2016. Open-air schools, convalescent hospitals, seaside and mountain institutions and long wards of children in frames are social history as much as medical history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ae33a3cb-d1f7-445c-85a7-d5fdaf2226fd) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MAST_Course_Training_At_The_Royal_College_Of_Surgeons_-_Fri_1_Apr_2016_MOD_45164008.jpg
- **2016**, 4 of the earliest Junior Doctors outside Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NNUH A3. The union’s general secretary Mark Serwotka wrote to the TUC yesterday afternoon to ask that the proposal is discussed at this morning’s gener. Open-air schools, convalescent hospitals, seaside and mountain institutions and long wards of children in frames are social history as much as medical history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/953029fb-e877-4e73-b76b-2659ca3fc6f4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:4_of_the_earliest_Junior_Doctors_outside_Norfolk_and_Norwich_University_Hospital_NNUH_A3_(26649205806).jpg
- **2016-07-10**, Paralympic history by Don Worley - Medical tests. Don Worley on medical testing in Paralympic history, from the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia. Classification began as a medical assessment carried out by clinicians. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2065c8f4-8320-48cc-8942-2d02dc2eb176) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGMj2nw5VNA
- **2016-07-26**, Wounded Warriors: Amputee Veterans. Attitude on amputee veterans. Military limb loss drove prosthetic development in every major conflict of the twentieth century. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4e1259c9-2493-43f8-b417-a33211d395b0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZ9JGHbj7Dw
- **2016-08-04**, Sacred Trust Talks 2016 - Medical Lessons from the Civil War Battlefields. Gettysburg Foundation Sacred Trust talk on medical lessons from the Civil War battlefields. Evacuation and hospital organisation changed more during the war than surgical technique did. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f69923da-4231-4612-9a21-9ac79e26d820) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bS78FXl4O6o
- **2016-08-09**, War and disAbility. Museum of Disability History on war and disability. Every major conflict of the twentieth century left a population of permanently disabled veterans and forced states to build services. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f1fbf5ef-89e7-4595-9029-91458ab618c8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zz_q9SnHPPo
- **2016-08-25**, The opening of the Stanmore building at RNOH in 2018. Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital on the new Stanmore building. The RNOH descends from a nineteenth century lineage of London orthopedic institutions. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cf6878bb-f969-43e1-ab6a-1ac99be629d6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y51GhiKwMmo
- **2016-11-07**, Poynter Lecture - "Finding Patients in the Medical Museum". Poynter Lecture on finding patients in the medical museum. Specimens were taken from people, and recovering who those people were is now a standard curatorial question. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/27041048-2382-4856-9959-f69bf5ecb0a7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIvZlQ4DP1w
- **2016-12-08**, ACTA Summit 2016 - Prof Stephen Graves. Stephen Graves at the Australian Clinical Trials Alliance summit in 2016. Graves led the Australian joint replacement registry whose data independently identified the ASR failure. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/365c995e-26be-48f2-9a47-87d532971ea9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69NDNBY9iHc
### 2017
- **2017-02-22**, Archive Oral Histories: Trevor Protheroe - Rewind. Leonard Cheshire archive oral history with Trevor Protheroe. Disability oral history is where the institutional record is contested by the people inside it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4c311c2b-b3fe-4f39-bb9f-edbc4c4db8f1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRIycw-hq28
- **2017-02-22**, Archive Oral Histories: Frances Hopwood - Rewind. Leonard Cheshire archive oral history with Frances Hopwood. Residents' own accounts of institutional life are the least recorded part of this history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6860aaee-ecd3-4f3d-8c7c-50865a4c30e1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVOTNt54XD4
- **2017-02-22**, Archive Oral Histories: Frances Jeram - Rewind. Leonard Cheshire archive oral history with Frances Jeram. The Rewind project recorded residents and staff of the Cheshire homes. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/79237b04-7523-46fd-b01c-ee07c7fe4e5f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RMWd_6ZnAk
- **2017-02-22**, Oral History Interview: Nick Dance - Rewind. Leonard Cheshire oral history interview with Nick Dance. The Cheshire homes were long-stay residential institutions for disabled people in postwar Britain. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7c24a2ce-304a-4479-825f-470b5e62016e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcCjZ2tNdQY
- **2017-02-22**, Archive Oral Histories: Pamela Farrell-Tredinnick - Rewind. Leonard Cheshire archive oral history with Pamela Farrell-Tredinnick. Long-stay disability institutions shaped many lives in the polio and post-polio decades. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/83d42549-fc33-42e3-88dc-5e3499f174ce) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7nay3KjkV4
- **2017-03-04**, Science and Technology: Shoe-fitting fluoroscopes. Imperial College on shoe-fitting fluoroscopes as a case in science and technology. The machines are now a standard teaching example of technological enthusiasm outrunning safety knowledge. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/88729b89-111e-47a6-8a3a-982035179281) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6m-VYwzUHU
- **2017-03-07**, Islamic Medical History - Interview with Mr Sharif Kaf Al-Ghazal. Interview with Sharif Kaf Al-Ghazal on Islamic medical history. Al-Zahrawi, Ibn Sina and al-Razi are central figures whose work reached Europe through Latin translation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a990184f-20c7-4024-b3d3-66eff4b85f3d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LcjX-mHSY8w
- **2017-03-21**, Scoliosis Surgery - Dr. Stephen Tredwell - Q#5: WHAT IS THE HISTORY OF HARRINGTON ROD SURGERY?. Orthopaedic surgeon Stephen Tredwell on the history of Harrington rod surgery. A generation of patients instrumented with Harrington rods is now decades post-operative, and their long-term outcomes are a documented research subject. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/47d2c669-d762-449c-8981-3096d9e003fa) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpjwZ6-M7c8
- **2017-03-31**, 1. History & Evolution of Hospital for Special Surgery. On the history and evolution of the Hospital for Special Surgery. HSS was founded as the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled, a name that records what the specialty was built around. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9a986802-0ebd-4371-a6a7-f156822e0c21) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uI7lyTtvMTM
- **2017-04-16**, The development of orthopaedic surgery in WWI. Archive footage on the development of orthopaedic surgery in the First World War, prepared for schools. Robert Jones, not Hugh Owen Thomas, was the surgeon who deployed the splint at the front; Thomas had died in 1891. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/eeed8d9b-96f0-431a-9842-46ae816e06f6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcB6md8bVrM
- **2017-05-04**, Surgical History Group Presentation: War and Surgery. American College of Surgeons Surgical History Group on war and surgery. The claim that war drives advance is only half true: the enabling science of the twentieth century was overwhelmingly civilian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0e595954-d0d9-40b5-9b20-8c54c8224fdb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UezQz6zEvk
- **2017-05-04**, Surgical History Group Presentation: Overview. American College of Surgeons Surgical History Group overview session. Professional-body history programmes are one of the few places the specialty records its own account. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/914bb438-236a-4b84-87fb-2e81013d11d5) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZurQzLOmEo
- **2017-05-05**, Surgical History Group Presentation: Orthopaedics. American College of Surgeons Surgical History Group presentation on orthopaedics. Professional-body history sessions are one of the few venues where the specialty examines its own record in public. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0a80c529-c544-45b1-8287-851eef9530d6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vLOLzJlLs0
- **2017-05-18**, From the FDA Vault: Radiating Shoe Sales. From the FDA archive, on radiating shoe sales. The regulator's own material records the shoe fluoroscope as a case study in unregulated radiation exposure. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1d2d84a1-8d87-41ac-a3ee-60d71763f9a0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfALJUSmzzk
- **2017-06-13**, A Look Inside The Orthopaedic Trauma Institute. University of California Television inside the Orthopaedic Trauma Institute in San Francisco. Dedicated trauma services descend from civilian industrial accident work as much as from military surgery. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/681831cc-47b5-4cb4-acdb-fb73a349ee4f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzOBjeIEpoo
- **2017**, Hip prosthesis zones by DeLee and Charnley system, and Gruen system. Hip prosthesis zones, by the DeLee and Charnley system, as well as the Gruen system. Charnley moved to high molecular weight polyethylene, reduced the femoral head diameter to 22 mm to lower frictional torque, and used polymethylmethacrylate bone cement for fixation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a4bc5b4d-19a4-4def-81bd-c3967c5f6f62) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hip_prosthesis_zones_by_DeLee_and_Charnley_system,_and_Gruen_system.jpg
- **2017**, Range of acetabular anteversion. Lateral view of a hip prosthesis, showing acetabular anteversion of 5° and 25°, which are the limits of normal range. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/71ecb644-1fad-463c-ace6-1967abc512e5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Range_of_acetabular_anteversion.png
- **2017**, Acetabular anteversion of hip prosthesis. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/51b2c288-7a6d-40c7-915d-37ef42e9233c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acetabular_anteversion_of_hip_prosthesis.jpg
- **2017**, Trepaned skull, prehistoric times, City of Prague Museum, 175924. Trepaned skull from prehistoric times. Trepanation, the cutting of an opening in the skull, is among the oldest operations for which there is physical evidence, and trepanned skulls with healed margins survive in museum collections worldwide, showing that people lived afterwards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b7e3d2e1-c8d5-4685-9a82-285769ccde83) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trepaned_skull,_prehistoric_times,_City_of_Prague_Museum,_175924.jpg
- **2017**, Plaque on 11 Nelson Street 1. Plaque commemoration pioneer orthopaedic surgeons Hugh Owen Thomas, Robert Jones and Thomas Peter McMurrary. Hugh Owen Thomas came from a family of Welsh bonesetters and was trained in that tradition before qualifying medically. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/01d0f40f-c5ff-4ae2-a0a3-cfb6beaa6dcc) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plaque_on_11_Nelson_Street_1.jpg
- **2017**, Grave of Hugh Owen Thomas 1. Monument to noted surgeon Hugh Owen Thomas, Toxteth Park cemetery. Hugh Owen Thomas came from a family of Welsh bonesetters and was trained in that tradition before qualifying medically. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f85f181a-d093-4f95-af83-fae27bb419b2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grave_of_Hugh_Owen_Thomas_1.jpg
- **2017**, Greenstick fracture, A-P view. Greenstick fracture of the distal end of the radius. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8ab4d3bf-5f3b-4ab9-b035-6bd9e0d1c3c5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Greenstick_fracture,_A-P_view.jpg
- **2017**, A Wounded Man in a Hospital Bed Art.IWMART5053. A Wounded Man in a Hospital Bed image: a wounded soldier lies in a hospital bed, looking straight at the viewer. War has repeatedly acted as an accelerator and a systematiser of orthopedic practice and a builder of institutions, but the science that made those advances possible was overwhelmingly civilian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/eaaca80c-7cf1-4041-940e-93ce953c9879) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_Wounded_Man_in_a_Hospital_Bed_Art.IWMART5053.jpg
- **2017**, A wounded First World War soldier with facial injuries has a plaster cast made of his face so that a mask can be produced to cover his wounds.The work was undertaken at the 3rd General Hospital in Wan. 30452. War has repeatedly acted as an accelerator and a systematiser of orthopedic practice and a builder of institutions, but the science that made those advances possible was overwhelmingly civilian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c71110c5-7078-4100-9f4b-466c394e7c19) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_wounded_First_World_War_soldier_with_facial_injuries_has_a_plaster_cast_made_of_his_face_so_that_a_mask_can_be_produced_to_cover_his_wounds.The_work_was_undertaken_at_the_3rd_General_Hospital_in_Wandsworth,_L_Q30452.jpg
- **2017**, The Development of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery during the First World War Q30449. War has repeatedly acted as an accelerator and a systematiser of orthopedic practice and a builder of institutions, but the science that made those advances possible was overwhelmingly civilian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9b94392c-e44f-416f-b34e-5625f72ff3e9) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Development_of_Reconstructive_Plastic_Surgery_during_the_First_World_War_Q30449.jpg
- **2017-06-28**, Unexpected Science - The iLimb. National Museums Scotland on the i-limb, an articulated myoelectric hand developed in Scotland. Myoelectric control reads muscle signals at the residual limb. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/db249f75-c2c1-41b8-a455-35f2e22f3d47) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3doTbGfCsU
- **2017-07-22**, SWAG History Part 1: Rancho Los Amigos. On the history of Rancho Los Amigos. Institutions built for polio were repurposed for trauma and spinal injury rather than closed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/aee32efc-8b46-476a-bf4c-b41307f13fb2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOA4Yu3_RKE
- **2017-07-23**, Гавриил Илизаров - Кудесник из Кургана. Гении и злодеи. Russian biographical documentary on Gavriil Ilizarov, the surgeon from Kurgan. Ilizarov's device patent is dated 9 June 1952, and his international breakthrough came only after he treated the high jumper Valery Brumel in 1967 and 1968. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/fd92b22c-fd64-4339-ba93-e2953b2ccb5d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uC-bEa-VmZU
- **2017-08-04**, The Evolution of Spine Surgery. Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation on the evolution of spine surgery. Spinal fusion priority around 1911 is contested between Russell Hibbs and Fred Albee, and both claims are taught. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/fb27c3f3-9c57-44bf-bf9f-efe337edb7c1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=78_jO2G_ZDQ
- **2017-08-09**, The Man Who Pioneered the Knee Replacement \| Dr. Marlowe Goble. Interview with Dr Marlowe Goble on knee replacement. The total condylar knee associated with John Insall at the Hospital for Special Surgery set the pattern for modern designs; Insall died in 2000. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c60aff0d-4bb5-4570-9cb8-236708cc019d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsPbqcXxIms
- **2017-08-23**, Walter Reed: The Battle for Recovery \| Retro Report. Retro Report on Walter Reed and the recovery of wounded American servicemen. Blast injury from improvised explosive devices produced amputation patterns unlike earlier wars. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/aa39fe54-1189-4c6c-9978-a3d85e9b7ffd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=696rTSCOHxA
- **2017-09-20**, Amputations: The Civil War in Four Minutes. American Battlefield Trust on amputation in the Civil War. Amputation was the commonest major operation of that war, and its scale created both the limb trade and the Army Medical Museum's specimen collection. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d7e5543b-0f99-45f0-88ae-250c986c5e1b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWD_rG_JrxU
- **2017-10-06**, What does the NJR’s 14th Annual Report tell us?. National Joint Registry on its fourteenth annual report. Registry annual reports are free public documents and are the primary published record of implant survivorship in England and Wales. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/621242ab-ab45-4471-94ee-61d1edd59e06) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HH6Np5MyTjM
- **2017-10-24**, The Patient’s Perspective. National Joint Registry session on the patient's perspective. Registry data is collected from patients who are rarely the audience for it, which is a recurring criticism the registries themselves have taken up. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6ee9be32-957b-4acb-8916-f9092595785b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfTiTpZGc0I
- **2017-10-27**, Leaders & Lectures "The History of the El Katif Shrine and Shriner's Hospital for Children. Lecture on the El Katif Shrine and its children's hospital. The Shriners network was built around polio, skeletal tuberculosis and congenital deformity, the caseload that defined orthopedics for most of the twentieth century. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b79d3957-a2f8-4761-a8d6-77b1ce766e2f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCcXaCLcaYk
- **2017-11-26**, Oswestry - Then and now ep5. Oswestry then and now. The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital grew from Agnes Hunt's convalescent home at Baschurch; Hunt was a nurse who had a disability herself following childhood osteomyelitis, and was a patient as well as a founder. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a4e9a384-d46a-4979-bab0-28ee4c856ae9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZHUmx7uw1Pk
- **2017-12-08**, Shoe Fitting X-ray Machines - the Adrian Special Fluoroscope. On the Adrian Special shoe fitting fluoroscope. Machines of this kind were eventually banned by state and national regulators. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/02780b90-a4ae-4a79-9151-8b4f2877eff3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CTBblZRS79o
- **2017-12-27**, 28th December 1895: Wilhelm Röntgen publishes his discovery of X-rays. HistoryPod on Röntgen publishing his discovery of X-rays on 28 December 1895. The surgical use for bone appears in the first newspaper story, in Die Presse of 5 January 1896, and clinical fracture plates followed within weeks. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f892be10-c09b-4fdc-8a66-38cf8a9f3c9e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MtPMIJuWeas
### 2018
- **2018-01-04**, History of the Total Hip by Dr. Dunn. University of Utah lecture on the history of the total hip. The line runs from Gluck's ivory joint of 1891 through Smith-Petersen, the Judets, McKee-Farrar and Ring to Charnley's low friction arthroplasty. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f094e83f-b416-4983-a236-c33acb89c181) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qW3BacHTV54
- **2018-01-17**, How It's Made: Prosthetic Limbs For Veterans \| Forces TV. Forces News on how prosthetic limbs are made for veterans. Limb fitting for service casualties runs from the Roehampton workshops of the First World War to present military rehabilitation centres. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/dc642e0b-24f4-4a9e-a6fd-5240d0118741) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRr1vJNunhc
- **2018-03-16**, Scientists recreate sense of feeling for amputees. CBC on research to restore a sense of touch to amputees. Sensory feedback is a distinct research problem from motor control of a limb. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/17760554-2649-40b3-83c7-0f22a163790b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFS44AbgxxA
- **2018-03-26**, PRONI - Nursing & Medicine on Film by Imperial War Museums. Public Record Office of Northern Ireland presents Imperial War Museums film on nursing and medicine. Nursing carried most of the day-to-day work recorded in these films. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ca1da4b6-4def-43e8-9d40-c180af849a57) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSWvOr17MO8
- **2018-03-30**, Plaster limbs being made - Jaipur Foot Foundation. Plaster limbs being made at the Jaipur Foot Foundation. The programme is run by Bhagwan Mahaveer Viklang Sahayata Samiti and fits limbs free of charge. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6f254653-db53-468c-8682-8724d61403bc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AZaqRHsIvs
- **2018-05-30**, Photos of Wounded German Soldiers During World War 1 (1917-1918). Photographs of wounded German soldiers from 1917 and 1918. Clinical photography of this period records identifiable men who could not consent, and it is included here for the record it carries rather than for effect. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0ae628f1-0b52-435e-b76f-08ebad5b812d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkCcrJpn5ks
- **2018**, 13th-century Cikitsa-sara-sangraha, Vangasena, medical text, Sanskrit, palm leaf manuscript. Two leaves from the large 13th-century Sanskrit medical manuscript named Cikitsāsārasaṅgraha by Vaṅgasena. The Sushruta Samhita, circa 600 BCE, describes the management of fractures and dislocations, including a classification of fracture types. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0a5b7f1c-1d9f-485e-a9b3-026b8da37fee) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:13th-century_Cikitsa-sara-sangraha,_Vangasena,_medical_text,_Sanskrit,_palm_leaf_manuscript.jpg
- **2018**, Double trepanation on the skull, The Celts, NM Prague, 188008. Double trepanation on the skull of an old man. Trepanation, the cutting of an opening in the skull, is among the oldest operations for which there is physical evidence, and trepanned skulls with healed margins survive in museum collections worldwide, showing that people lived afterwards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/202f55be-164e-4c1b-9a86-9f84fe2b177d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Double_trepanation_on_the_skull,_The_Celts,_NM_Prague,_188008.jpg
- **2018**, Nigoi-CT-Q08937-thumb. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. The Vienna newspaper Die Presse carried the discovery on 5 January 1896 and the report already named the surgical application, that a surgeon could determine the extent of a complicated fracture without painful manual examination. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6d92a9f8-6865-4e78-aeb1-d730a00495b5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nigoi-CT-Q08937-thumb.jpg
- **2018-06-26**, Beyond bionics: how the future of prosthetics is redefining humanity. The Guardian on bionics and the future of prosthetics. Claims made for advanced limbs are worth separating from what is routinely available to limb users through health services. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3d6d9c90-34df-4323-b7b2-cb3661f147a8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GgTwa3CPrIE
- **2018-07-27**, Documentary "The Bleeding Edge" shines light on medical device risks. CBS Mornings on The Bleeding Edge, a documentary about medical device risk. Journalism and regulators, rather than manufacturers, carried much of the public account of the metal on metal failures. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ba998624-5a36-43e5-9b08-5e55f903f774) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gbq-bnuGSbI
- **2018-08-02**, The history of the Paralympic Movement. National Paralympic Heritage Trust on the history of the Paralympic movement. The Trust holds the archive of the Stoke Mandeville games. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/32caee9b-c8b2-4eca-a7c2-49bf61ab2d25) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzV2uqBvgsg
- **2018-09-06**, «Новая высота» космического прыгуна Валерия Брумеля. Ilizarov Centre film on Valery Brumel, the Olympic high jumper treated at Kurgan. Brumel died in 2003. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/685443fb-671e-48fc-98a1-8d83e9713541) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eh66UXd8Itg
- **2018-09-11**, A Brief History of the Paralympic Games: From Post WWII Rehabilitation to Mega Sport Event. A brief history of the Paralympic Games from post-war rehabilitation to a global event. The movement originated as a medical rehabilitation programme rather than as sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/302b2c52-b92a-4f23-b798-830d2c3e9560) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4wsLxP4nSE
- **2018-09-22**, Винница. Музей Николая Пирогова. Vinnitsa. Museum of Nikolay Pirogov.. The Nikolai Pirogov museum in Vinnytsia. Pirogov pioneered field surgery, plaster immobilisation and triage in the Crimean War, and plaster of Paris priority between Pirogov and Antonius Mathijsen is genuinely contested and taught differently in different countries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e6a648ba-5e19-417d-94c4-b82935bc5816) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNmdTqk28Ak
- **2018-10-03**, The Vine Arm. National Museums Scotland on the Vine arm, an early articulated artificial arm. Named prosthetic designs entered the trade catalogues of the nineteenth century. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b767ed9c-0dcd-40f0-bc22-80660cacef4a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBSqG5DTeqU
- **2018-10-31**, Artifact Spotlight: Dahlgren Leg. Naval History and Heritage Command on the Dahlgren leg. Named artefacts like this one attach a prosthesis to an identifiable person rather than to a device type. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cb977252-0c88-41fb-be3f-9fdb21bf6df0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvuNBlM018U
- **2018-11-01**, Evolutionary and Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Osteoporosis \| Jonathan Stieglitz. Jonathan Stieglitz on evolutionary and cross-cultural perspectives on osteoporosis. Bone loss patterns differ between populations with very different activity and diet. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/77e82270-47f4-444a-8e7b-888f3a14b8ee) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upPGKXy6bfo
- **2018-11-06**, Sophie Goggins - Prosthetics: From Maker to User. Sophie Goggins on prosthetics from maker to user. National Museums Scotland holds limbs alongside the records of the people who wore them, which is a different history from a device history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5d6afc3a-9022-41ec-87d0-7223e0b31ef7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6RJGVdjkts
- **2018-11-08**, Shriners: A History of Brotherhood & Compassion. Documentary on the history of the Shriners hospitals. The Shriners network was built for children with polio, skeletal tuberculosis and congenital deformity, and was repurposed as those caseloads fell. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/bd41dbc7-0f73-4700-8057-d5aec2a42642) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LR-VcCVWGg8
- **2018-11-29**, Investigating faulty medical implants \| The Investigators with Diana Swain. CBC on the journalism behind the faulty medical implant investigations. The Implant Files was a coordinated international reporting project into device regulation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3ba61518-906f-4142-a2a0-f3c02762a448) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZE8vVlycy7g
- **2018-12-12**, Marie Curie Helped Win WWI \| History. History channel item on Marie Curie's radiological work in the First World War. Curie equipped mobile radiography units, known as petites Curies, to bring bone imaging to casualty stations. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/07c3a9e6-4332-4e92-8a46-5c0669e7f323) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1W4MHlEqZE
- **2018-12-17**, Michael Crumplin - The Bloody Fields of Waterloo: Medical Support for Wellington’s Greatest Victory. Michael Crumplin on medical support at Waterloo. Waterloo produced amputation on a scale that tested every assumption of Napoleonic-era surgery. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/30c92bd8-5dfc-45ac-9c41-44e0a2aeb559) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRmkj7CwdEQ
### 2019
- **2019-01-15**, OSSEOINTEGRATION with DR. ROZBRUCH - A Short Documentary. Short documentary on osseointegration with S. Robert Rozbruch. Attaching a limb directly to bone avoids the socket, which is the source of most day-to-day problems limb users report. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b3bc2a3a-2736-402b-827a-4d8907a34e7a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rHL6dWxwk0
- **2019-03-28**, The history of scoliosis surgery before rods. Betty story with photo book.. A patient's account of scoliosis surgery before instrumentation rods existed, illustrated from her own photograph book. Before Harrington instrumentation, correction relied on casts, traction and fusion without internal support. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ec484469-acc0-4142-b746-1142a7139534) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4FJFFVlUzg
- **2019-03-29**, IMMDSReview ORAL HEARINGS - Tuesday 5th March 2019 - SESSION 2. Oral hearings of the Independent Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Review, March 2019. The review examined how the health system responded to patient reports of harm from medicines and devices. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/93869313-821e-47bd-b419-4d67e80d45c2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J96_KUkakB0
- **2019-04-20**, Divine Appointments - Full Documentary. CURE International documentary on its paediatric orthopedic hospitals. Charitable hospital networks carry much of the clubfoot and deformity correction work in low-income countries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/343934e6-c842-4990-ab93-013dfbdbea53) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9EqaGTkJdk
- **2019-05-16**, Великая наука России. Гавриил ИЛИЗАРОВ.. Russian broadcast profile of Gavriil Ilizarov. The Ilizarov Centre in Kurgan remains an operating institution. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/995460ff-db0f-4625-aefa-e74e9a4b5113) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8AyYOgcu3E
- **2019-05-28**, History of Polio in Greensboro. On the history of polio in Greensboro, North Carolina. American cities built emergency ward capacity during the epidemic summers of the 1940s and 1950s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f508441d-53fc-4e82-a20e-9b1558d1d5e9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U0HnETxSEL0
- **2019-06-11**, World's First Meniscectomy - Watanabe 1962. ISAKOS film described as the world's first meniscectomy recorded by Watanabe in 1962. Watanabe did not begin arthroscopy: Severin Nordentoft in 1912, Kenji Takagi in 1918 and Eugen Bircher in 1921 all precede him, and Takagi's motivation was tuberculosis rather than sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7aecb8c2-b689-4601-89a3-0519be056adb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGLMiBm-2NM
- **2019**, Knee prosthesis zones by Knee Society 2015, AP view. Edit Postoperative X-ray of normal knee prosthesis of a 73 year old man who had osteoarthritis. John Insall, English-born and working at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, is the central name in modern total knee arthroplasty, associated with the total condylar design of the 1970s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/39afd687-72ac-4d76-9f81-c092780fc453) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Knee_prosthesis_zones_by_Knee_Society_2015,_AP_view.jpg
- **2019**, Postoperative X-ray of normal knee prosthesis, lateral view, annotated. John Insall, English-born and working at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, is the central name in modern total knee arthroplasty, associated with the total condylar design of the 1970s. The knee lags the hip by roughly a decade and a half. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/fd7b1ec0-7d83-4b92-ab4e-348ae65b7ae4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Postoperative_X-ray_of_normal_knee_prosthesis,_lateral_view,_annotated.jpg
- **2019**, Postoperative X-ray of normal knee prosthesis, anteroposterior view, annotated. John Insall, English-born and working at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, is the central name in modern total knee arthroplasty, associated with the total condylar design of the 1970s. The knee lags the hip by roughly a decade and a half. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3f73d069-3e82-485c-bb16-7a4d4c2e2e5a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Postoperative_X-ray_of_normal_knee_prosthesis,_anteroposterior_view,_annotated.jpg
- **2019**, Orthopedics -- Smart-Servier. Osteological atlases and articulated skeletons are the reference against which every deformity and fracture in this archive was read. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/664bb5eb-6b8b-47a0-a439-234e45842057) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orthopedics_--_Smart-Servier.jpg
- **2019**, Fracture repair -- Smart-Servier (cropped). Bone fractures - Fracture repair. Osteological atlases and articulated skeletons are the reference against which every deformity and fracture in this archive was read. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1db39441-65db-40e9-93a5-404756a7cba5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fracture_repair_--_Smart-Servier_(cropped).jpg
- **2019**, Pembuat Kaki Palsu. Prosthetic orthotics or prosthetic limb makers attach their artificial legs to people with disabilities at their studio workshop in the Ciputat Baru area, South Tangserang, Banten, Monday (14/10/2019). State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d9ad3755-3d38-423d-8ebe-aac7ba7bfbb4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pembuat_Kaki_Palsu.jpg
- **2019**, Arumugam Sridhar artificial limb workshop table TLMA project cr DC e263a5d8-8477-414d-99d3-185cb711677d. Support, therapy and treatment for Leprosy in India by the Leprosy Mission Australia. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f63f5120-803a-4170-9966-462e43faab23) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arumugam_Sridhar_artificial_limb_workshop_table_TLMA_project_cr_DC_e263a5d8-8477-414d-99d3-185cb711677d.jpg
- **2019**, Wrightington, Wrightington Hospital Entrance - geograph.org.uk - 6298081. Wrightington : Wrightington Hospital Entrance. Open-air schools, convalescent hospitals, seaside and mountain institutions and long wards of children in frames are social history as much as medical history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ae63606f-c247-4f18-9da0-959b25fff956) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wrightington_,_Wrightington_Hospital_Entrance_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6298081.jpg
- **2019-06-18**, Medical Device Dangers: A special KVUE broadcast \| KVUE. KVUE special broadcast on medical device dangers. American reporting on implants ran alongside the international Implant Files investigation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/dc81eaf9-39d3-4d37-9e77-a1d0ee05dfdc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qxpObGmrUA
- **2019-07-20**, This 3,000-Year-Old Wooden Toe Shows Early Artistry of Prosthetics. On the ancient Egyptian wooden toe prosthesis. The Greville Chester toe and the Cairo toe are the oldest surviving functional prostheses known. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f6e5a6bd-8b87-4987-a7e5-2828fce7c811) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D89t5WdpPpc
- **2019-10-11**, Presenter discusses hip highlights from Australian joint replacement registry. Discussion of hip findings from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. The Australian registry recorded 9.3 per cent revision for the ASR, independently of the English and Welsh figures. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/68968e9c-a161-4952-ab5b-1f4f03ef95ed) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szOF1Bprf14
- **2019-11-14**, How does an MRI machine work?. Science Museum explains the magnetic resonance imaging scanner. MRI gave orthopedics soft tissue imaging that radiography and computed tomography could not provide. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5db659b7-1432-4a5f-afd3-32ff18a8d834) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFkBhUYynUw
- **2019-12-13**, History of Shoulder Surgery 11 14 19. Columbia Orthopedics lecture on the history of shoulder surgery. Charles Neer designed the modern shoulder prosthesis and Paul Grammont developed the reverse configuration; Neer died in 2011. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d0e370ce-cbf1-487a-82f5-a5d64b3100b0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHkbebpjTaY
- **2019-12-28**, Casualty Clearing Stations in the Great War. On casualty clearing stations in the Great War. The evacuation chain ran from regimental aid post through field ambulance and clearing station to base hospital. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6df52104-de42-4a9a-8026-8d929ee1ff90) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn9whKaptK8
### 2020
- **2020-01-15**, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the discovery of the X-rays. Manufacturer-produced account of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the discovery of X-rays, and promotional in origin. Röntgen worked at Würzburg and published Über eine neue Art von Strahlen in 1895. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a78f8e93-702b-4c8d-927e-ad6ba398924d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRNm9QWkDyY
- **2020-01-28**, NORMASH (english version) The Norwegian Mobile Army Surgical Hospital in the Korean War 1951-54. On NORMASH, the Norwegian mobile army surgical hospital in Korea from 1951 to 1954. Several nations contributed surgical units to the United Nations force. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/80b6b36a-c4bc-4b5a-a152-f164405190ed) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlX_vZJevSo
- **2020-02-03**, Museum of disABILITY History: General Overview. Overview of the Museum of disABILITY History. The institutional record of disability includes segregated hospitals and long-stay facilities. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c5378014-9849-47da-8bf4-3fb3cbe4b1bd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bODL1SM_lCc
- **2020-03-13**, OMEGA: An interview with Gary Newton, a survivor of Polio. Interview with Gary Newton, a polio survivor. Large populations of polio survivors live worldwide, many in countries where bracing and corrective surgery remain active practice. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2c57ba82-3bae-4311-9b37-a22721ea4eb6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUbRDLRJHGo
- **2020-03-23**, Tales from Surgeons' Hall: The Culloden Skull. Surgeons' Hall Museums on the Culloden skull. Battle casualties in museum collections carry a dignity question, because the dead did not consent to display. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4f1c174b-07a5-44a7-9b36-89c7f8acfd67) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sEbHED6AM38
- **2020-03-26**, The Natural History of Scoliosis: Understanding Weinstein & Ponseti'sl 40 year follow-up study. On Weinstein and Ponseti's forty year follow-up study of untreated scoliosis. Long natural-history studies are what make it possible to judge whether an intervention changed anything. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/41e4b99b-f83d-40cf-9cd9-8def903e5e4c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCki6I-vKck
- **2020-03-29**, The Old Operating Theatre with Monica Walker. Inside History Podcast at the Old Operating Theatre with Monica Walker. The building was rediscovered in the twentieth century after being sealed for decades. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1821b282-ede0-4c31-bbeb-dda0c5f54373) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgeupUlU4ZE
- **2020-04-01**, Key Concepts for Paleopathology Lecture. Lecture on key concepts in palaeopathology. Distinguishing perimortem from postmortem fracture is a basic problem of the discipline. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/13b94863-becb-4e02-a613-2a7b41a80c5d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMkfNMe5nsA
- **2020-04-14**, George Pirie and the Dundee X-Ray Pioneers. University of Dundee museums on George Pirie and the Dundee X-ray pioneers. Early radiographers worked without shielding and a number of them died of radiation injury; a memorial to the martyrs of radiology stands in Hamburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e8e6f9c4-3d8d-4a93-b7ab-582fc2fd20e6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCVDvTY6Fjs
- **2020-04-15**, History of CT. Mayo Clinic on the history of computed tomography. CT gave orthopedics cross-sectional bone imaging for the first time. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ef958009-f234-489b-91cb-9de349cc8d7a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6vsBcxHPZU
- **2020-04-22**, Mini Lectures \| Our Lovely Bones: Unlocking the Secrets of Skeletons. Rutgers mini-lecture on what skeletons reveal. Bone records disease, injury, nutrition and occupation, which is why palaeopathology reads it as evidence rather than as illustration. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5802dcec-bd86-4fc2-b332-d63219cfd2d2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-uo35WjWMs
- **2020-04-30**, History Happy Hour: Limbs, Lost and Found. American Civil War Museum on limbs lost and found. Amputated limbs were collected as specimens for the Army Medical Museum, from people who had no say in it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a435c63b-b09a-48ef-b638-5ec6847fad64) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTMxQ2o7IUM
- **2020-05-17**, BASIC ILIZAROV SESSION - History of ilizarov and Bangladesh by Prof MM Bari. Professor M. M. Bari on the history of the Ilizarov method and its arrival in Bangladesh. The transfer of the method from Kurgan into South Asian practice is a distinct strand from its Western reception. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5a93fd41-80ca-48f5-be82-01f04bc9e551) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MM7SZr0hEsE
- **2020-06-03**, THE HISTORY AND BENEFIT OF TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENT REGISTRIES - KNEE. SICOT session on the history and benefit of joint replacement registries, knee. Knee replacement is now the higher-volume operation in most national registries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3ad01420-be5c-492b-9461-80d9c2228e79) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mR1DHRZDJtg
- **2020-06-03**, THE HISTORY AND BENEFIT OF TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENT REGISTRIES - INTRODUCTION. Introduction to a SICOT session on joint replacement registries. The Australian registry recorded 9.3 per cent revision for the same device, independently and in a different hemisphere. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/54a29f53-ff32-4cfb-b2cd-870136d10162) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CY8jA4jOAKg
- **2020-06-03**, THE HISTORY AND BENEFIT OF TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENT REGISTRIES - ANKLE. SICOT session on joint replacement registries, ankle. Ankle replacement is a small-volume operation, which makes registry data the only realistic way to assess it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/904c10a5-aa79-4160-97b7-9aa830217585) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjLCyM0O5Co
- **2020-06-03**, THE HISTORY AND BENEFIT OF TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENT REGISTRIES - HIP. SICOT session on the history and benefit of joint replacement registries, hip. Registries, not manufacturers and not trials, caught the ASR failure: the National Joint Registry for England and Wales recorded 12 to 13 per cent revision at five years against 5 to 6 per cent expected. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f6c82101-dd32-4588-8165-01d2ab694320) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YVz2Q5flE0
- **2020**, Traditional Bone Setting. The traditional bone setter is a lay practitioner who practices the management of dislocations and fractures without having had any formal training. Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5cc8e4bf-1d4b-47e4-88f9-46d91a6b136a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_Bone_Setting.jpg
- **2020**, Comparison of the designs of three different Fassier, Duval nails. Figure 6: Comparison of the designs of three different Fassier-Duval nails Figures 6A, 6B, and 6C show the profile and features of the tips of the male rods manufactured by Universal Orthosystems, Pega Medical, and Uma Surgicals respectively. The history of joint replacement is not primarily a history of surgical technique. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4dcc1cc6-9d0e-48c1-9c24-ba8e51bd6e39) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Comparison_of_the_designs_of_three_different_Fassier%E2%80%93Duval_nails.png
- **2020**, Two postoperative radiographs of a patient who underwent rodding surgery for osteogenesis imperfecta. Figure 2: Immediate postoperative radiographs of the patient 2A: right femur; 2B: right tibia. Fracture and foreign-body localisation need no contrast medium, no injection and little interpretation training, which is why radiography was adopted for bone faster than for anything else. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/68408087-87dc-4f82-b27c-85366f751716) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Two_postoperative_radiographs_of_a_patient_who_underwent_rodding_surgery_for_osteogenesis_imperfecta.png
- **2020-06-17**, Tales from Surgeons' Hall: The Case of Robert Penman. Surgeons' Hall Museums on the case of Robert Penman, a patient whose facial tumour was removed in 1828. The museum names him, which is the correct standard for identifiable historical patients. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d764e306-7090-4570-bc51-e2b30851d5ae) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WnU8xWw3lWg
- **2020-06-24**, Anna Dhody - The Mütter Research Institute: Looking to the Past to Improve Our Future. Anna Dhody on the Mütter Research Institute in Philadelphia. The Mütter holds one of the largest pathological collections in the United States, including extensive skeletal material. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1b384737-44ab-4970-9538-49f73a89a2a7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NHjvqx5aHxs
- **2020-06-24**, Adventures in History: Carers - Part One. Imperial War Museums on carers in wartime, part one. Long-term care for the wounded fell largely on families and on women's unpaid labour. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8f2450b1-56ad-4c05-aa32-d7cf89227ad1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5c1b7gAoAo
- **2020-06-25**, People + Places: The Forgotten Story of Rancho Los Amigos. Los Angeles Conservancy on the history of Rancho Los Amigos. The site began as a county poor farm and became a major rehabilitation centre. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4dfc1999-c44e-436f-92ac-f1452de3b70d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1eMqhw2maE
- **2020-06-29**, A Day in a Sanatorium - part 1. A Day in a Sanatorium, from the Barts Health NHS Trust archives. British sanatoria ran on strict daily routines built around rest and open air. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/366776cc-2243-4048-8c9a-d36f4a8607e9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wnxf-1WcvQo
- **2020**, Adventures in History: Carers – Part Two. Imperial War Museums on carers in wartime, part two. The social history of war injury extends well beyond the hospital. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/18960959-cea2-4b55-8675-d53e4370c867) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nWshzCTh5Y
- **2020**, 9\_1 Biomaterials: Definition and history of biomaterials. Lecture on the definition and history of biomaterials. The bearing material is the recurring failure point in joint replacement, from Charnley's PTFE to the metal on metal recalls fifty years later. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/df54949c-0990-4267-b4f5-2e243f522e6d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CbxFy-DW2Bk
- **2020-07-19**, The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion. Cincinnati Civil War Round Table on the Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion. The volumes were compiled from case records submitted by surgeons across the Union armies. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c3918f5e-f9ae-4fd1-8c25-12b9ccb8fc18) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gb_ob7NwbYo
- **2020-07-23**, MEDICAL HISTORY: Thomas Splint. On the Thomas splint. The famous wartime mortality figure attached to it is not established: five sources give four different endpoints off two different baselines, and the most-cited version traces to Surgeon Sir Henry Gray's report about a single battle. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/45aa9aea-3db3-4c1a-9704-100b67486c5c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_Eg6Vh1tZ8
- **2020-07-23**, Graham Mooney - From Casualty Room to A&E: History of a Hospital Space. Graham Mooney on the history of the hospital casualty room and its transformation into the accident and emergency department. Robert Jones's Manchester Ship Canal accident service of 1888 to 1893 is an early civilian model for organised trauma care. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d043dccb-eb82-4724-98dc-01c5f3cf04d5) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0cVR7BaD2Q
- **2020-07-29**, Tales from Surgeons' Hall: Broken Femur. Surgeons' Hall Museums on a broken femur in its collection. A healed or malunited femur is direct evidence of what fracture treatment achieved before internal fixation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6b4f6574-fa59-4fe6-8fdc-a060c276bdc1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKNeKdpM5UM
- **2020-08-05**, Tales from Surgeons' Hall: Elsie Inglis' Medals. Surgeons' Hall Museums on the medals of Elsie Inglis. Inglis founded the Scottish Women's Hospitals and served in the First World War when the War Office refused women doctors; she died in 1917. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b94b0975-7c9e-4991-b96c-b0d0a1996364) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzTdcGpamCI
- **2020-08-06**, The history of X-ray: a journey through time and medical technology. Manufacturer-produced history of the X-ray. This is promotional material from an imaging company and should be read as such. Röntgen announced his discovery at the end of December 1895. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b46188ca-2319-4c17-89d1-8d32acda4c28) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCCQG_iJkMw
- **2020-08-19**, Medical Care at the Battle of Wilson’s Creek. National Museum of Civil War Medicine on medical care at the Battle of Wilson's Creek. Early-war medical arrangements were improvised and collapsed under casualty numbers. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ee4433f1-ba30-4ece-ba53-c824413bbc9a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQOdpXmQdrg
- **2020-08-21**, Museum Remix: Unheard - Iron prosthetic hands. University of Cambridge Museums on iron prosthetic hands in its collections. The best known example of the type is the iron hand associated with the German knight Götz von Berlichingen. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9ca7ad5e-a6d4-46b9-807b-63b86757d477) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=npDdzpb-LWM
- **2020-08-24**, \[Gadgets & Gizmos\] The Evolution of the Medical Instrument Trade. Indiana Medical History Museum talk on the evolution of the medical instrument trade. Nineteenth century instrument makers such as Down Brothers, Arnold and Sons, and Mayer and Meltzer published illustrated trade catalogues that are now a primary record of the period's surgical equipment. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/98ca1575-6e15-428c-a908-40145062b0a0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edkSrrCt0e0
- **2020-09-05**, "My father did start something amazing" \| Sir Ludwig Guttmann \| Rising Phoenix \| Paralympic Games. Guttmann's daughter on his work, from the Rising Phoenix documentary. Guttmann's insistence that spinal injury patients could live active lives was against the clinical consensus of the 1940s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f1585a01-ff57-4bc7-bb92-8f0b51724489) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TTEQz2Ad2s
- **2020-09-20**, The History of Trepanning. On the history of trepanning. Trepanned skulls showing bone regrowth are evidence that patients survived the procedure, and they are among the oldest surgical evidence that exists. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2bc7d3d8-a33b-4658-89cb-9887aa9b0acb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IsmnZA26tOo
- **2020-09-25**, Archiving Olive View: 100 Years of Public Health in Los Angeles. USC Libraries on archiving Olive View and a century of public health in Los Angeles. Olive View was built as a tuberculosis sanatorium and later became a general hospital. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2eb9db43-7780-41f6-a6b3-bed481b48a98) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5VJ6HNERiAQ
- **2020-10-09**, Hospital History and Conditions Treated at Shriners Hospitals for Children-Galveston. UTMB School of Nursing on the history of Shriners Hospitals for Children in Galveston and the conditions it treated. Long-stay paediatric orthopedics was the specialty's institutional identity before the 1950s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5844deb5-3ba3-4001-b0ca-fd46ac861add) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vyh9tpWrtto
- **2020-10-18**, Side by Side Surgery - Amputation Through the Ages. National Museum of Civil War Medicine on amputation through the ages. Anaesthesia was available in the American Civil War; antisepsis was not, and infection drove mortality. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c00c6fb9-7a9b-4944-b8b2-5095ff7909c1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfZ1Oh5OzoM
- **2020-10-20**, Civil War Medicine and the Body. National Museum of Civil War Medicine on Civil War medicine and the body. Much of the surviving clinical photography depicts soldiers and hospital inmates who could not consent to being recorded. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/46ab3773-30ea-462b-933e-d4d6efb54300) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIZvcDtor6A
- **2020-10-26**, How James E. Hanger, Civil War Amputee, Invented A Prosthetic Leg \| Medical Inventions. On James Edward Hanger, an early amputee of the American Civil War who designed his own leg and founded a limb-making firm. The company that carries his name still operates. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f3621122-dede-44cb-b358-e9c98a1d837b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7h-G-Jxc_J0
- **2020-11-19**, The Polio Epidemic - FDR & The March of Dimes - Medical History - Extra History. Extra History on the polio epidemic, Roosevelt and the March of Dimes. The March of Dimes funded the Salk vaccine trials through small public donations. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3b3b857c-e0ea-4148-97f8-33e7d0250b0f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sqkwjzNRgk
- **2020-11-20**, Are we getting better at what we are doing?. National Joint Registry session asking whether outcomes are improving. The NJR exists because joint replacement is done in high volume in wealthy countries, and its data is what detected the ASR failure. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c2a55fa0-387e-4b2b-97d8-1f513e70c033) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_oSQbatVew
- **2020-11-20**, The evolving picture of shoulder and elbow arthroplasty. National Joint Registry on shoulder and elbow arthroplasty data. Shoulder replacement follows the same registry logic as the hip and knee, at much lower volume. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/dc2439fd-2a3b-4cbe-8b6f-86c9fd985940) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fw5E7qAeckQ
- **2020-11-21**, Stories from Antietam Field Hospitals with John Banks. John Banks on field hospitals at Antietam. Antietam produced casualties beyond anything the Union medical service had planned for. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/29090378-3470-42b4-a753-5e7044cc7111) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjGJSBVCcbk
- **2020-11-27**, Prosthetics and Poverty: Disabled servicemen and their families after the war \| Martin Purdy. Martin Purdy on prosthetics and poverty among disabled servicemen and their families after the First World War. Pensions and limb provision were inadequate and the families carried the difference. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9c46ea23-3c81-4257-8e53-62cad1e001e6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shnLKX6e4Ro
- **2020-11-30**, 2016 07 National Joint Replacement Registry Dr Andreas Loefler. Andreas Loefler presents Australian National Joint Replacement Registry data. Australia's registry has a national reach that makes it one of the strongest datasets in the field. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9fa13814-2fe2-4b4e-af7e-204b6dc781be) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HHDGH6cpuM
- **2020-12-23**, Museum Vrolik - Anatomy Stories 3: Anatomical Atlas. Museum Vrolik on anatomical atlases in its collection. The printed atlas and the preserved specimen were complementary teaching tools before photography. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/01c86211-27f2-45ef-a3f3-d609e5efccd8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFzph2aQWuY
### 2021
- **2021-01-02**, TRADITIONAL HEALING {TRADITIONAL BONE SETTING PRACTICES(T.B.S)}: A DOCUMENTARY: DR. IMLIKUMBA/NEIFM. Documentary on traditional bone setting practices in North East India. Traditional bonesetters are not a historical curiosity: they remain a major current provider of fracture care across sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d5ad3663-5342-4eed-b6d4-9615439fac31) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUw6g9G0wpY
- **2021-01-10**, 19th Century Prosthetic Limbs Through a Material Culture Lens. National Museum of Civil War Medicine on nineteenth century prosthetic limbs read as material culture. James Edward Hanger, an early Confederate amputee, went on to found a limb-making firm that still bears his name. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9235efee-c414-4b94-8fa7-e5d1ecad8079) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7Xm0bwSypc
- **2021-02-22**, Roentgen anniversary: 125 years of new insights - Part 1. University of Würzburg marks 125 years since Röntgen's discovery, made in its own physics institute. The first radiograph is conventionally the hand of his wife Anna Bertha Ludwig. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c407d5d6-986d-4ea6-9dea-1713c3a862bb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymYi-FLDW5Q
- **2021-02-24**, Global Polio Eradication Initiative History Project - Greg Armstrong. Oral history interview with Greg Armstrong for the Global Polio Eradication Initiative history project. Wild poliovirus transmission persists in a small number of countries, so this is not a closed story. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b9a56f5c-807b-462b-9cd3-57d609606177) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuZiHkuuE5g
- **2021-03-01**, Myth-Busting the History of Chinese Medicine: Going Beyond the "Function, Not Structure" Stereotype. Lecture challenging the standard framing of Chinese medicine as concerned with function rather than structure. Chinese bone-setting is attested from around three thousand years ago, and a ninth century Chinese manual on bone setting has been formally compared with the Hippocratic corpus in the scholarly literature. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e04a49bc-9f6f-444e-bff1-c2c087e12fc0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLRsCPcs0zQ
- **2021-03-04**, Global Polio Eradication Initiative History Project - Ralph H. "Rafe" Henderson. Oral history interview with Ralph Henderson for the Global Polio Eradication Initiative history project. Henderson worked on the World Health Organization immunisation programmes. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/28f47387-41e8-452a-9612-d04267288a0c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vz3z68Fz2gs
- **2021-03-17**, Audio book of Dr Guttmann's biography 'Spirit to Stoke Mandeville'. National Paralympic Heritage Trust on an audio book of Guttmann's biography. Guttmann died in 1980. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a836e089-1b7b-44c2-bc0d-5e91d2955298) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wAkZF1GOAls
- **2021-04-19**, Science Museum offers vision of a bionic future sooner than we think. AP Archive at the Science Museum on a projected bionic future. Museum exhibitions of advanced prosthetics sit alongside collections of the limbs people actually wore. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/dc5df224-238f-4d26-b333-bba7c9b05095) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35ChueKLRag
- **2021-04-23**, «Встань и иди. 100 лет исцелений». Документальный фильм. Russian documentary on a century of an orthopedic and rehabilitation institution. Soviet and Russian orthopedic institutions developed largely out of contact with Western practice, which is why Ilizarov's method took twenty years to cross over. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2ebd680e-9929-4780-b43a-0430b07db136) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7RrrvV0aYjc
- **2021-04-23**, Medicine in the American Revolution with Dr. Ronald S. Gibbs. Ronald Gibbs on medicine in the American Revolution at Brandywine Battlefield Park. Eighteenth century military surgery had neither anaesthesia nor any understanding of infection. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9f27b83d-7016-494a-a978-648fcd9aba38) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ya33meiSe5c
- **2021-04-27**, Florence Nightingale: The Crimean War. On Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War. Nikolai Pirogov was working on the Russian side of the same war and organised nursing there too. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f09d7ae1-9e5e-4a2b-a3cc-30025f5d7109) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ls2cy7HE-lE
- **2021-06-03**, Casualty Clearing Station, with Andy Robertshaw. Andy Robertshaw on the casualty clearing station. The clearing station was the point in the evacuation chain where surgery was first possible. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/aec9a43d-6150-4828-bd42-3f52894bad33) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTaoz0YVO2Y
- **2021-06-03**, Ponseti Clubfoot Treatment Worldwide - Feature Length Documentary. Feature-length documentary on Ponseti clubfoot treatment worldwide. The method uses serial casting and bracing rather than surgery, and it has been the basis of large international programmes. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f29c584a-80fe-44dc-a6af-c43aaf5c4359) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4VfjIWnhQY
- **2021-06-10**, Marie Curie: Creator of mobile x-ray units and the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. The Institution of Engineering and Technology on Marie Curie and the mobile X-ray units. Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the first person to win in two sciences. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7f404bea-c3e8-4fea-9cbe-6fd4b2c64dbb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ZmXcUvZc1E
- **2021-06-11**, Wilhelm Röntgen: X-rays \| Heroes of Progress \| Ep. 26. Short biographical account of Röntgen and X-rays. Röntgen declined to patent the discovery. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2f817604-425c-4838-aeeb-fc3136f524a8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7THihjk-dg
- **2021**, 100 years of Ilizarov Celebrations on OrthoTV: A Tribute to Dr Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov. Long tribute programme marking a hundred years since Ilizarov's birth. Ilizarov died in 1992 and the centre at Kurgan carries his name. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4bd99087-fd37-4299-9b15-b353fa7c47fd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5dwM_NqUz8
- **2021**, 18th-century Persian surgical tools. A642946/1, Lancet with metal handlefrom set of cased surgical instruments, Persian, 18th century.. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/62023306-b0a9-4063-bf0a-67a92e5cbfff) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:18th-century_Persian_surgical_tools.jpg
- **2021**, Post Lateral Tibial Plateau Fracture Repair Surgical Incision Site 2. Osteological atlases and articulated skeletons are the reference against which every deformity and fracture in this archive was read. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6081d9c1-bc59-4704-8755-e8b3cca1d16d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Post_Lateral_Tibial_Plateau_Fracture_Repair_Surgical_Incision_Site_2.jpg
- **2021**, Staples for epiphysiodesis, Blount's disease - rtg. and experiments. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. The Vienna newspaper Die Presse carried the discovery on 5 January 1896 and the report already named the surgical application, that a surgeon could determine the extent of a complicated fracture without painful manual examination. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b45cfcef-55e0-4857-b012-1603a9bc1527) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staples_for_epiphysiodesis,_Blount%27s_disease_-_rtg._and_experiments.png
- **2021**, Private entrance to the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital - geograph.org.uk - 6747630. Open-air schools, convalescent hospitals, seaside and mountain institutions and long wards of children in frames are social history as much as medical history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/64643c12-54fc-4d83-84db-eaa48b3e017a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Private_entrance_to_the_Royal_National_Orthopaedic_Hospital_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6747630.jpg
- **2021-06-24**, The Intimate Secret Life Of Franklin D. Roosevelt \| The Wheelchair President. Documentary on Franklin D. Roosevelt's paralysis and how it was managed in public. Roosevelt contracted polio in 1921 and founded the treatment centre at Warm Springs, Georgia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9696f965-e44c-4fe8-ad86-ea44c66cbd8d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySvdFsbV108
- **2021-07-08**, Armory Square Hospital - Washington's most famous Civil War medical facility. On Armory Square Hospital in Washington, a major Civil War medical facility. Purpose-built pavilion hospitals were one of the war's lasting institutional legacies. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2f7ede73-dded-48e3-ae82-4a25b987bdc3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pwahg2FkXjo
- **2021-07-22**, Thackray Museum of Medicine: Virtual Launch. Virtual launch of the redeveloped Thackray Museum of Medicine in Leeds. The museum occupies a former workhouse building next to Leeds General Infirmary. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c60bc2d1-b05d-4f63-8ec4-e240da5b68ba) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ttd6WUUmOQ
- **2021-08-29**, Women in Orthopaedics Worldwide (WOW) Pioneers video. Women in Orthopaedics Worldwide profiles women in the specialty. Ruth Jackson is documented as the first woman certified by the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery, in 1937. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7b10e919-0008-4c1f-bac2-a61f18587758) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SalEZPT_qy8
- **2021-09-26**, The Wellcome Collection of Egyptology at the Oriental Museum, Durham University. On the Wellcome collection of Egyptology at Durham. Henry Wellcome's collecting was vast and was dispersed to many institutions after his death in 1936. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7bf801f9-2e57-4f84-a00b-f91d539669bd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TkTxiLdPB2o
- **2021-09-30**, Clubfoot Documentary. Documentary on clubfoot. Ignacio Ponseti developed his non-surgical correction at Iowa; he died in 2009. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5294ffd7-2e34-428d-a99e-5fad1bed89e6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AU5-oVwNYl0
- **2021-10-29**, A Soldier's Story, Patrick Doyle. National Museum of Civil War Medicine tells the story of the soldier Patrick Doyle. Naming the individual is the correct standard for material that depicts identifiable patients. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ca0f906d-f888-4781-8a40-914d8c0a2fcd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=keH0SJ_HNxY
- **2021-10-29**, A Soldier's Story, Richard Hughes. National Museum of Civil War Medicine tells the story of the soldier Richard Hughes. Individual case records survive because the Army Medical Museum collected them systematically. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d3a80e1e-c906-4ae8-abe7-c13c1dcab8a5) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ft7q0gQO0mI
- **2021-11-08**, Glasgow and X-rays. Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow on the city's early role in radiography. Glasgow ran clinical X-ray work in the first months after Röntgen's announcement. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f27832d1-3de1-4268-9854-2cb25011ff6f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8HOLYtm_Q
- **2021-11-15**, Broken Faces of WWI: How Reconstructive Surgery Was Born. On facial reconstruction in the First World War. Work at Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup, ran alongside the limb-fitting programme at Roehampton. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8fac1314-fd32-434d-9a91-9c7298ce6749) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNPEOIrBcN8
- **2021-11-15**, Faye Viviana's Scoliosis Story - Idiopathic Juvenile Scoliosis Diagnosis with Boston Brace Treatment. A patient's account of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis and Boston brace treatment. The Boston brace followed the Milwaukee brace, which was the standard American orthosis from the 1940s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/bc7cefeb-8dae-4e56-bbaf-430320772ac7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZHx1gEvS1hE
- **2021-12-03**, Museum Vrolik - Anatomy Stories 4: On Birth Defects & Superstition. Museum Vrolik in Amsterdam on birth defects and superstition in its anatomical collection. Congenital skeletal difference is heavily represented in nineteenth century museum material, and the register in which it was collected was often frankly objectifying. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/495c90b1-7bc1-4035-a514-e61e52741a9f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X8prHWbNeJY
- **2021-12-06**, Paleoradiology meets Archaeology 3 - Fabrice Dedouit (lecture 1/7). Fabrice Dedouit lectures at the Archaeological Museum of Istria on paleoradiology. Imaging archaeological remains lets skeletal trauma and disease be read without destroying the specimen. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/928a1a33-94f6-44f6-8221-c9430e8539a8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPlH4GAizbk
- **2021-12-16**, Marie Curie dans la guerre. Réseau Canopé on Marie Curie during the war. Curie trained operators as well as equipping vehicles, and her daughter Irène worked in the programme. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/77f28307-eac5-493a-b493-f4fd2ad1c547) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgXPig9_fvY
- **2021-12-30**, Götz of the Iron Hand - Cyborg Knight Prosthetics - European History - Extra History. Extra History on Götz von Berlichingen and his iron hands. The mechanism was articulated and lockable, and it was made by armourers rather than by physicians. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c0d13b8d-f6b1-4cf1-b354-45764819a895) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tu6cvBtMIGU
### 2022
- **2022-01-12**, Cat Irving on “Things in Jars!” The history of human remains in medical museums. Cat Irving of Surgeons' Hall Museums on the history of human remains in medical museums. Much anatomical and pathological material was taken from people who could not consent, which is a live question for every collection that holds it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/62d12845-c56b-489f-8ad0-6c01572dcf62) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OgEWNkhrOB8
- **2022-01-18**, Avicenna, History of Public Health in Iran and Impacts on Modern Medicine. Georgetown lecture on Avicenna and the history of public health in Iran. Ibn Sina's Canon of Medicine was a standard European medical text for centuries after his death in 1037. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d7579f9e-4696-4b68-8328-66740a4c520c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRn76WI_YGk
- **2022-01-18**, ICPLP2021 - Prof. Tsao: Changing Notions of Phantom Limb Pain. Professor Tsao on changing notions of phantom limb pain. Silas Weir Mitchell named the phenomenon in the nineteenth century from Civil War amputees. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/edff970e-8879-47d9-9405-2491ac2df1fc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3IOC7cAJu0
- **2022-02-05**, Maharshi Sushruta: The Father of Indian Medical Surgery by Aadesh Singh \| UPSC Ancient History \| IAS. On Sushruta and the Sushruta Samhita, dated around 600 BCE. It sets out classification of fracture types, bandaging and joint management, and predates or matches the Hippocratic Corpus of roughly 440 to 340 BCE. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ec96a989-1cf5-4441-8c57-ab636afd8afc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EuvTWQRcZLE
- **2022-02-08**, Exploring Civil War Surgery: Tools, Techniques, and Anesthetics. Ohio History Connection on Civil War surgery, its instruments and its anaesthetics. Anaesthesia was available in the American Civil War; antisepsis was not. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0a8ade8b-a588-478f-9864-c39a296d2ff1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ZrrfgPTApM
- **2022-02-09**, Medicine in the First World War. Imperial War Museums on medicine in the First World War. Debridement, Carrel-Dakin wound irrigation, transfusion, anti-tetanus treatment and shortened evacuation all changed during the same period, which is why single-cause claims about wartime mortality do not survive scrutiny. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2d95d5ee-6908-4e8a-bca9-39c7fea895cc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfxRhLsAAk8
- **2022-02-16**, A History of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery. 1937. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/533bcc63-137a-4daa-8666-a1b00b794e0e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8ntQT2JCo0
- **2022-02-26**, Cut it off! An Amputation Demonstration. National Museum of Civil War Medicine museum programme on amputation in the period. Presented here as a historical account of what was done and with what instruments, not as guidance. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9a0bb9a1-418f-4cf0-8e40-fd2d7aac5822) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3loKESXc-0
- **2022-03-31**, Damage Control Orthopedics in an Unequal World. Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative on damage control orthopedics in an unequal world. What is possible in trauma care depends on where the injury happens, and road traffic injury is concentrated in countries with the least capacity. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4014f2f6-2c99-41b9-975b-157055401181) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgQochfBDEU
- **2022-04-05**, “Museums and Medical Knowledge: past, present, and future,” by Sam Alberti, PhD, March 17, 2022. Sam Alberti at McGill on museums and medical knowledge, past, present and future. Alberti has written on how medical museums acquired and displayed human remains, much of it without consent. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2644a33e-8597-4be6-8033-a20422542c42) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Wkl49h5cZA
- **2022-04-06**, Nine Classical Surgery Needles \| Guide into Traditional Chinese Medicine. On the nine classical Chinese surgical needles. The Chinese instrument tradition developed independently of the Greek and Arabic ones. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0783a9a1-6193-4bbe-8b7a-119e15dfbbac) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HK9ODcj7HZw
- **2022-04-07**, Calliope's Cabinet Episode 4: Civil War Surgeon's Kit and 19th Century Surgical Advances. Emory University on a Civil War surgeon's kit and nineteenth century surgical advances. Anaesthesia arrived in the 1840s and transformed what could be attempted. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/007db7cc-c0dd-4d57-bacd-5e03bf89240e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtXzbM83sJ0
- **2022-04-12**, Bone-setting Massage Zhenggu \| Guide into Traditional Chinese Medicine. On zhenggu, Chinese bone-setting massage. Bone-setting emerged as a specialised Chinese skill roughly three thousand years ago and wound physicians are attested from the Zhou dynasty. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/48cc7c8f-3489-4ccd-b706-d0258fef636f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUGOb-pwPaE
- **2022-04-26**, The Visual Regime of Medicine in Late Colonial India. Wellcome Collection lecture on the visual regime of medicine in late colonial India. Medical photography and print in colonial settings recorded bodies on terms the subjects did not set. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/47782825-84cc-4d98-8cd8-668962b41907) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujYttfVqNIU
- **2022-05-03**, History of Radiology. On the history of radiology as a discipline. The specialty formed around a technology announced at the very end of 1895 and in clinical use for fractures within weeks. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a1d92000-24ff-4461-adb7-1b2441bc3c9d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtF9zPFJJPc
- **2022-05-10**, 25 Years of the C-Leg Microprocessor Knee \| Ottobock. Manufacturer film marking twenty-five years of the C-Leg microprocessor knee, and promotional in origin. The microprocessor knee arrived in the late 1990s and changed what above-knee limb users could do on slopes and stairs. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/21381cd5-a5c4-4b4a-8fd6-38b98e037989) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLxfBiUNWvo
- **2022-05-10**, History of X-ray Imaging (Radiography & Fluoroscopy). On the history of radiographic and fluoroscopic imaging. Adoption was near-immediate after Röntgen's announcement of 1895, and specifically for bone. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/78e8002c-7c23-4845-bba9-5cd6377113f0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NX9_3wCfROU
- **2022-05-18**, Blast from the past: Introducing computed tomography in the 1970s. Manufacturer archive footage of computed tomography being introduced in the 1970s, and promotional in origin. CT reached clinical use within a few years of Hounsfield's prototype. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f19b77ad-9b63-4d1e-b90b-dfbc6eeb2c23) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtdEZgwB9Mg
- **2022-06-06**, 17th century Battlefield Surgery: Extracting Bullets. Newcastle University Library on seventeenth century battlefield surgery and bullet extraction. Early modern military surgery is documented through printed manuals rather than through photographs. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/61f9550a-d1b6-4786-952b-dce2d685ff7d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyvOW0tYHZA
- **2022-06-06**, 17th century Battlefield Surgery: Amputations. Newcastle University Library on seventeenth century battlefield amputation. Ambroise Paré's account of running out of cauterising oil belongs to this period of practice. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/66d39df7-f73a-48e3-9305-cd24d7c0637f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4kZv-XqLkU
- **2022**, Evolution of Instrumentation in Scoliosis. Lecture on the evolution of scoliosis instrumentation. The sequence runs from Harrington through Luque segmental wiring to Cotrel-Dubousset and pedicle screw constructs. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/08c82ee8-ebde-4778-bc47-99841f5600dd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DXE-fgur1p0
- **2022**, HK TKO 將軍澳 Tseung Kwan O Tong Ming Street shop Chan Wah bone-setting evening January 2022. HK TKO zh:將軍澳 Tseung Kwan O evening in January 2022. Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e4855e18-a024-46cb-9a78-e6172cefe289) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HK_TKO_%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D%E6%BE%B3_Tseung_Kwan_O_Tong_Ming_Street_shop_Chan_Wah_bone-setting_evening_January_2022_Px3_01.jpg
- **2022**, HK TKO 將軍澳 Tseung Kwan O Tong Ming Street shop Chan Wah Clinic bone-setting evening January 2022. HK TKO zh:將軍澳 Tseung Kwan O evening in January 2022. Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7f872051-0ad5-4a0b-9582-d22ef043a7dc) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HK_TKO_%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D%E6%BE%B3_Tseung_Kwan_O_Tong_Ming_Street_shop_Chan_Wah_Clinic_bone-setting_evening_January_2022_Px3_02.jpg
- **2022**, HK TKO 將軍澳 Tseung Kwan O Tong Ming Street shop Po Yan bone-setting evening January 2022. HK TKO zh:將軍澳 Tseung Kwan O evening in January 2022. Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/791451ac-2480-4e34-b12a-864d7396d860) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HK_TKO_%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D%E6%BE%B3_Tseung_Kwan_O_Tong_Ming_Street_shop_Po_Yan_bone-setting_evening_January_2022_Px3_01.jpg
- **2022**, Bruch des Prothesenkopfes bei Hueft-Totalendoprothese 86M - CR ap - 001. Bruch des Prothesenkopfes bei Hüft-Totalendoprothese: Linkes Bild mit intakter Prothese, aber schon reichlich periarthikuläre Ossifikationen. The history of joint replacement is not primarily a history of surgical technique. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d6b2a9aa-59b6-4ab9-898f-98b6e00d81dd) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bruch_des_Prothesenkopfes_bei_Hueft-Totalendoprothese_86M_-_CR_ap_-_001.jpg
- **2022**, Forearm internal fixation. This is an AP and lateral X ray image of a radius bone fracture that has been internally fixated 1 year ago but the fracture didn't heal and resulted in Non union because the gap between fracture fragments was too big, the patient was male 34 years old, healthy. The history of joint replacement is not primarily a history of surgical technique. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/72eb6bd2-8959-4e59-9820-7841540d18df) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Forearm_internal_fixation.jpg
- **2022**, Moderní výpočetní tomografie s přímo digitální detekcí rentgenového záření. Modern CT scanner located at the Lochotín University Hospital in Pilsen, Czech Republic. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f2f3edbc-6b72-472d-a432-093044e24857) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Modern%C3%AD_v%C3%BDpo%C4%8Detn%C3%AD_tomografie_s_p%C5%99%C3%ADmo_digit%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_detekc%C3%AD_rentgenov%C3%A9ho_z%C3%A1%C5%99en%C3%AD.jpg
- **2022**, Wachsende Schaedelfraktur 6mo-14moW - CR seitlich - 001 - Annotation. Wachsende Schädelfraktur: Die Fraktur der Kalotte war primär nur schmal, fissural (linkes Bild, frische Fraktur, Alter 6 Monate). Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/cea16edf-9909-468f-9280-9c712c710f76) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wachsende_Schaedelfraktur_6mo-14moW_-_CR_seitlich_-_001_-_Annotation.jpg
- **2022**, Mano del capitán Ripoll (20221102 123532). Replica of the aluminum prosthetic hand of Captain Antonio Ripoll Sauvalle, exhibited in the Historical Military Museum of Cartagena (Spain). State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/25ea62cc-d307-4bd0-9b0e-861ca7678f5a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mano_del_capit%C3%A1n_Ripoll_(20221102_123532).jpg
- **2022**, Santa Maria del Cobre - Votive 2. Basilica Santuario Nacional de Nuestra Senora de la Caridad del Cobre ( Kuba ) - Innenraum: Prothesen als Votive für Heilungen. The modern prosthetics story is heavily marketed and heavily inspirational in tone. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/92a990c5-e875-46a5-a068-2fbca801934a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Santa_Maria_del_Cobre_-_Votive_2.jpg
- **2022**, Gateway near Wrightington Hospital - geograph.org.uk - 7201601. Gateway near Wrightington Hospital. Open-air schools, convalescent hospitals, seaside and mountain institutions and long wards of children in frames are social history as much as medical history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/99f64a02-3e72-43ca-ae4c-efe02a098b9f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gateway_near_Wrightington_Hospital_-_geograph.org.uk_-_7201601.jpg
- **2022**, Entrance to Wrightington Hospital - geograph.org.uk - 7201597. Entrance to Wrightington Hospital. Open-air schools, convalescent hospitals, seaside and mountain institutions and long wards of children in frames are social history as much as medical history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c77e3d61-e546-4b7d-a683-e318a5f68457) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_to_Wrightington_Hospital_-_geograph.org.uk_-_7201597.jpg
- **2022-06-24**, The history of The Bone & Joint Journal, with Mr Frank Horan. Frank Horan on the history of The Bone and Joint Journal. The journal descends from the British volume of the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery and is one of the specialty's oldest. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a1ac7202-c2c9-4e0c-acb0-02ada05e6de3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBQ7CP2r2k0
- **2022-07-21**, Николай Пирогов. Травматическая эпидемия. Ледяная анатомия \| История российской медицины. Выпуск 3. Russian Historical Society on Pirogov, traumatic epidemic and ice anatomy. Pirogov's frozen cross-sections were an anatomical method of his own devising. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/16b003bb-d94b-4e39-b346-8a105550ec53) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fT_m_DCBUb8
- **2022-07-28**, Set of amputation instruments, nineteenth century at The Surgeons' Hall Museums. A nineteenth century set of amputation instruments at Surgeons' Hall Museums. Complete fitted sets are the standard surviving form of pre-antiseptic surgical equipment. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1b6eee15-7b33-49dd-8aa2-9f525c09128b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v4Sba5uA71U
- **2022-07-29**, Prosthetic control using implanted electrodes and osseointegration (OPRA). On prosthetic control using implanted electrodes with osseointegration. The OPRA system descends from Brånemark's work on bone bonding to titanium. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d1398f6b-40d2-449d-b9dc-8209ddf98ce2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uR7_AQG60bE
- **2022-08-29**, History of Radiology - RSCP Video Curriculum. Radiology Scholars Certificate Program lecture on the history of radiology. The specialty of radiology formed around a technology that orthopedic surgery adopted faster than any other. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d1fffe70-02ed-4940-b94f-38876ebe80cd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=saYIkPWwha4
- **2022-08-31**, NLM History Lecture - Islamic Medical Manuscripts in the National Library of Israel Collections. National Library of Medicine lecture on Islamic medical manuscripts in the National Library of Israel. Illustrated Arabic and Persian medical manuscripts include instrument plates and anatomical figures. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d9785289-392c-44e7-8083-ace643ea048d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCuPJo6Y63s
- **2022-10-13**, World War I Centenary Forum: Stories from the Collections of the National Library of Medicine. National Library of Medicine forum on First World War material in its collections. The NLM holds a very large and largely public domain collection of medical print and photography. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/58c62d55-d229-4b13-b6c8-4a04a9c5df8c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPI61Jvz-nY
- **2022-11-02**, The History of Radiology: Discovering X-Rays. Lecture on the discovery of X-rays and the beginnings of radiology. Röntgen's paper of 1895 was followed by clinical bone imaging almost immediately. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a577d3a0-76d5-4d6f-918e-26d655706495) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hlSj9wISROw
- **2022-11-10**, The X-Ray Craze of 1896. Account of the X-ray craze of 1896. Within months of Röntgen's announcement the apparatus was in fairground and department store use as well as in hospitals. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0d17f4f6-7c5d-49e3-8434-f09c31f1ad91) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0Nt7b0numQ
- **2022-12-29**, The History of Internal Fixation: and Lessons Learned. University of Utah lecture on the history of internal fixation and the lessons drawn from its failures. Early plating by William Arbuthnot Lane and Albin Lambotte preceded the systematic approach of the AO group founded in 1958. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/27ab0b2f-fdd1-44c9-893e-cb0e98cf9cb5) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63C-nDnmmbc
### 2023
- **2023-01-20**, Professor Josep Trueta - the third Nuffield Professor of Orthopaedics. NDORMS on Josep Trueta, the third Nuffield Professor of Orthopaedics at Oxford. Trueta developed wound management methods in the Spanish Civil War and brought them to Britain; he died in 1977. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/19532efc-9d37-480f-89c1-41d76e25dd94) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QtUVaiDhW0
- **2023-02-04**, Documentary Film \| al-Zahrawi (Albucasis) , Father of Surgery \| by Islamweb. Documentary on al-Zahrawi, known in Latin Europe as Albucasis. His Kitab al-Tasrif includes illustrated surgical instruments, and he described ligature of arteries centuries before Ambroise Paré revived the technique in Europe. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/764effd5-3bd9-4040-ac9a-6ea0deb332a7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0Nnn9PoBak
- **2023-02-27**, London Lives = Echoes of the past. The life of 18th-century Eminent London Surgeon, Percivall Pott. On the eighteenth century London surgeon Percivall Pott. Pott gave his name to Pott's disease, tuberculosis of the spine, and to Pott's fracture of the ankle. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/96278846-3ecd-4371-a4d8-5b4cfb008f4a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVfkYKRAilg
- **2023-03-03**, From the Archives: "The Poster Child and National Ambassador Programs". March of Dimes on its poster child and national ambassador programmes. The programme used images of braced and paralysed children as its principal fundraising instrument, which is worth naming directly. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/41ab83d1-6819-4e88-a12d-a004b6e707ca) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zl2UONE5nM
- **2023-03-21**, A Documentary on Public Awareness on Clubfoot Disability in Ghana. Documentary on public awareness of clubfoot in Ghana. Untreated clubfoot is a well-documented global access problem and the Ponseti method is low cost. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/48f76fed-067a-4269-87fa-46260bb0c58f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WY743N8_l8
- **2023-03-26**, Following the breakthroughs in prosthetics \| 60 Minutes. 60 Minutes on breakthroughs in prosthetics. The distance between research prototypes and limbs actually issued through health services is large. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6b4c56d4-417e-4fe1-ba2a-5aab97c56fcd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvd5rUemZsE
- **2023-03-27**, How advancements in prosthetic technology allow feeling, control \| 60 Minutes. 60 Minutes on prosthetic technology giving feeling and finer control. Sensory feedback is a distinct research problem from motor control. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2f500945-e45e-4176-a8e5-62f7f6b4543a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRcdy_jBsrM
- **2023-04-01**, Ambroise Paré \| STUFF YOU MISSED IN HISTORY CLASS. Stuff You Missed in History Class on Ambroise Paré. Paré set out the ligature technique in his 1564 treatise and his collected works appeared in 1575. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7726ded2-d778-44ca-8222-0248697b1e24) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E0T-z9o6I2k
- **2023-04-05**, 'Not disabled enough': The Paralympics and the fight for fairness \| SBS Dateline. SBS Dateline on classification disputes in Paralympic sport. Classification descends from a medical assessment system and remains contested by athletes. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5924b52a-8a8a-4132-85bf-d1f945e8a54d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3IaTWI54OA
- **2023-04-05**, History of Ilizarov: Exploring the Legacy of the Godfather of Limb Lengthening - Dr. Quinn Schroeder. Long-form account of Ilizarov's legacy in limb lengthening. His presentation at Bellagio in 1980 is the usual marker for the method reaching Western practice. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c6061a89-568f-4111-9033-61e91f9346dc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=os9LoC-7NqQ
- **2023-04-05**, How We Got Here A History of Orthopaedics from the Stone Age to Information Age. University of Washington survey lecture on the history of orthopaedics from the Stone Age to the present. An account that opens with Hippocrates has made a choice, because the Sushruta Samhita of around 600 BCE matches or predates the Hippocratic Corpus on fracture management. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c9bfd263-bb67-45f5-bcd5-a47b3e477498) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NlTffnTZ1E0
- **2023-04-12**, Paralyzed by Polio at 17 \| My Time Inside an Iron Lung. A polio survivor paralysed at seventeen describes life inside an iron lung, recorded by the Mütter Museum. First-person accounts of the polio wards are a small and closing record. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/303a39c0-9626-42b5-bd08-8ea9af24dba7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zLydwVb1G4
- **2023-05-11**, Hunterian Museum puts weird and wonderful anatomical curiosities back on display. New Scientist on the Hunterian Museum reopening its displays in 2023. The redisplay followed a reassessment of how the museum presents human remains taken without consent. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/dfefa558-e1f4-40d4-b443-74651b506c14) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbHojAWHnbk
- **2023-05-21**, War-wounded Ukrainians get prosthetic limbs. AP Archive on war-wounded Ukrainians receiving prosthetic limbs. Limb loss from blast injury is a present-tense problem, not a historical one. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/36aad0af-43d5-4f8b-a508-6bd2133c1311) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuMYbAjUk9c
- **2023-06-02**, Overcoming a Lonely Childhood \| My Time Inside an Iron Lung. A polio survivor on a lonely childhood spent inside an iron lung, recorded by the Mütter Museum. Long-stay institutional childhood is a defining experience of the polio era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a0292e40-cf82-4f69-b6cc-2bf8c8174737) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03xraxDAh3g
- **2023**, Suturo post operacio pri endoprotezado de koksartiko okaze de koksartrozo. The history of joint replacement is not primarily a history of surgical technique. It is a history of materials, of wear debris, and of how the body reacts to particles. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e67e2bd8-45a6-4970-af80-c3d78cf68935) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Suturo_post_operacio_pri_endoprotezado_de_koksartiko_okaze_de_koksartrozo.jpg
- **2023**, Ancient Roman Speculum. Three types of ancient Roman speculum c. 50 AD. Roman surgical instruments survive in quantity, notably from Pompeii and Herculaneum, and they show a level of specialisation that was not matched again in Europe for centuries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6e647b87-c73c-446a-8a4e-f3d0412ab963) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ancient_Roman_Speculum.jpg
- **2023**, Talonavikulare Luxation 77W - CR - 001. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. The Vienna newspaper Die Presse carried the discovery on 5 January 1896 and the report already named the surgical application, that a surgeon could determine the extent of a complicated fracture without painful manual examination. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/df3e1130-e307-4189-b981-0498969e7e9b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Talonavikulare_Luxation_77W_-_CR_-_001.jpg
- **2023**, Enchondrom der Grundphalanx 2 Zehe 29-41W - CR - 001. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. The Vienna newspaper Die Presse carried the discovery on 5 January 1896 and the report already named the surgical application, that a surgeon could determine the extent of a complicated fracture without painful manual examination. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6b191c95-5ae2-437b-9deb-b3ed0edef4ec) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Enchondrom_der_Grundphalanx_2_Zehe_29-41W_-_CR_-_001.jpg
- **2023**, 1895 Events Collage V 1.0. Clockwise: X-ray / Wilhelm Röntgen Kiel Canal completed Second Madagascar expedition First Italo-Ethiopian War Volleyball / William G. Morgan Venezuelan crisis of 1895 Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895) Cuban War of Independence. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen observed the effect on 8 November 1895 at Wurzburg. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ce495230-837a-4447-9dc6-12e4231d466d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1895_Events_Collage_V_1.0.jpg
- **2023-07-28**, Dominique-Jean Larrey and His Flying Ambulance \| STUFF YOU MISSED IN HISTORY CLASS. On Dominique Jean Larrey and his flying ambulance. Larrey was Napoleon's surgeon and introduced organised battlefield evacuation and a form of triage; he died in 1842. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/dbc39076-3208-491d-a5e8-41786715499e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3EYxdfwqxs
- **2023-08-09**, Online lecture \| Prostheses and the First World War. Royal Armouries lecture on prostheses and the First World War. The war produced both mass limb loss and the institutions built to answer it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4f9289d3-affc-4c22-be0e-b5a9e6c77efa) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbQ_wUgqYo0
- **2023-08-09**, The Impossible Challenge Facing The US Medical Corps In Korea. On the medical challenge facing the United States medical corps in Korea. Cold injury and blast trauma dominated the caseload. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a3f54abb-44c5-41b9-8bec-34c63d0cbbff) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKpLpY0EOfI
- **2023-09-18**, RAMM: A Picture of Health - the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital. Royal Albert Memorial Museum in Exeter on the history of the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital. Provincial voluntary hospitals like this one carried much of the fracture and accident work of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/25d0eddd-b8e9-441e-bf02-80d9300cd1bf) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNkuG_f_AfY
- **2023-10-21**, My life as a polio survivor - Sauda Bashir. Sauda Bashir on her life as a polio survivor. Survivor accounts from outside Europe and North America are much less recorded than the Western ones. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b8e3da7a-b3b9-4a2d-a795-539f7f538898) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uI3UayAOLXs
- **2023-10-24**, For the Care of the Sick: A Brief History of Old St Thomas’ Hospital. For the Care of the Sick, a longer history of Old St Thomas' Hospital. The hospital's medieval foundation predates surgery as a profession separate from barbering. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c7b24d3a-40a2-4fdc-8ccc-180df8e45af7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpraOs9yx-c
- **2023-11-12**, London's Grisliest Museum? A Guided Tour of The Hunterian Surgical Museum. Guided tour of the Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, built on the collection of John Hunter. The Hunterian holds bone specimens and pathological preparations that document skeletal disease before radiography existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7191b6c7-0058-430e-9404-09b39da19495) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3pHXYNi_98
- **2023-11-17**, Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus; first textbook in the history of Surgery Anatomy. On the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus, copied around 1600 BCE and thought to derive from an older text. It contains forty-eight cases of wounds and fractures ordered from the skull downward, and is described as the first comprehensive trauma treatise. It is named for the American dealer who bought it in Luxor in 1862, which obscures that it is an Egyptian document. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9d096c2f-cfef-4857-9964-1dcfd273c2b8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TVj0k7hwGc0
- **2023-12-15**, How Mind-Controlled Bionic Arms Fuse To The Body \| WIRED. WIRED on mind-controlled bionic arms attached through the skeleton. Osseointegration derives from Per-Ingvar Brånemark's finding that bone bonds to titanium; Brånemark died in 2014. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/188658d9-ac2a-4dc7-9892-9dd91d5ba1dd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ipw_2A2T_wg
### 2024
- **2024-01-25**, Hearth and Hazard: Dr. Percival Pott and the Chimney Sweeper's Affliction. On Percivall Pott and the chimney sweeper's cancer. Pott's 1775 observation linking scrotal cancer to soot exposure is usually cited as the first identification of an occupational carcinogen. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5ba0f19c-5311-4eef-b693-22d8b797a524) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nx9F1nkgK6o
- **2024-01-30**, Tuberculosis: The Forgotten Plague \| Lost LA \| S6 E5. PBS SoCal on tuberculosis in Los Angeles. Sanatoria were built in dry climates on the open-air treatment theory associated with Auguste Rollier at Leysin. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9190bcba-2b19-4bc7-a46a-d78d2b7ad9a2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOqPHSGPGhQ
- **2024-02-03**, French army surgeon Dr. Larrey (and medical care during the Napoleonic Age). On Larrey and medical care in the Napoleonic age. The ambulance volante was a system of horse-drawn evacuation rather than a single vehicle design. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b036ef64-c3e1-4c64-b389-f62307f06f57) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ZrdHu3g5nc
- **2024-02-07**, 5 things you (probably) won’t know about corsets with Bernadette Banner. Wellcome Collection talk with dress historian Bernadette Banner on corsets. The corset sits at the boundary between clothing and orthopedic appliance, and the Wellcome holds brass and steel corsets alongside spinal jackets in its collections. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/98c4f448-0cab-428e-a224-5d5fdb7266b4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P7LASTZBSw8
- **2024-02-08**, ‘The Men with Broken Faces': facial surgery in the First World War. On facial surgery in the First World War. Reconstructive work at Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup, ran alongside the limb-fitting programme at Roehampton. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f26d95d7-dee5-4d1b-ba69-1e7221bf7e19) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmurrBpabyA
- **2024-03-19**, Member Insider: Bespoke Bodies. National WWI Museum and Memorial on Bespoke Bodies, its prosthetics exhibition. The First World War produced limb amputation on a scale that forced states to build limb-fitting services. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d016f7ec-9d59-4e86-a881-caca11c28852) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7w16r6_ATE
- **2024-03-20**, Frontline Medics reveal the grim reality of Ukraine’s war. Imperial War Museums on frontline medics in the war in Ukraine. War surgery is present-tense, and blast injury and limb salvage are current problems rather than historical ones. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3b7526c7-e896-4faf-ac95-75eb98a213d8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fssi3JuT-A
- **2024-03-21**, Brief History of Bombay Orthopaedic Society By BOS President - Dr Sangeet Gawhale. The president of the Bombay Orthopaedic Society on the society's history. Indian orthopedic tradition is described as having a legacy of more than four thousand years, with fracture and dislocation management set out in the Sushruta Samhita. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/18825327-d579-422d-a03d-77844bad9fa1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3TRNAIXvho
- **2024-04-10**, Kristy Henson: Biocultural Variables and vitamin D deficiency in the recent historic past.. Kristy Henson at Leicester on vitamin D deficiency in the historic past. Rickets leaves clear skeletal signatures and is readable directly from archaeological bone. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/720eb07c-8eb0-4b71-a86f-abacc0baaa20) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMtSJKrC6ls
- **2024-04-26**, The History of Orthopaedic Trauma \| From Stone Age - Sterilization - Antibiotics to Osteosyntheses. Survey lecture on the history of orthopaedic trauma, covering sterilisation, antibiotics and osteosynthesis. Antisepsis took roughly twenty years to be accepted and was then superseded by asepsis, while radiography was adopted within weeks. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2c616e95-6c91-4e1a-995a-4666d4579f58) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJVD2OFXLZc
- **2024-04-26**, OrthoPioneers - John Charnley \| Modern Hip Replacement and Laminar Flow Theatre Ventilation. On John Charnley, hip replacement and laminar flow theatre ventilation. Charnley's clean-air enclosure and body-exhaust suit addressed deep infection, a separate problem from the bearing failure that destroyed his Teflon cups. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4fc0ba7e-3133-4035-8cc9-7e99f583757d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtS4CZjZ0ks
- **2024-04-30**, The History and Design of Intramedullary Nailing - From Kuntschner to Reamed Titanium Nails. Lecture on the history and design of intramedullary nailing from Küntscher onward. Gerhard Küntscher's nail was used on German casualties in the Second World War and reached wider notice through repatriated prisoners of war. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e9099e48-8f2a-49a3-9d58-0bff24b724f3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ix-9CNU_Dgg
- **2024-05-02**, History of Limb Deformity Reconstruction \| Distraction Osteogenesis to Computer-Assisted Fixators. Lecture on the history of limb deformity reconstruction from distraction osteogenesis to computer-assisted fixators. Gavriil Ilizarov patented his device as No. 98471 on 9 June 1952; the story that he improvised it from bicycle spokes is documented as false. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ff64333b-b4fd-470d-9889-b44ca7378ea5) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQtEIWkgt7o
- **2024-05-10**, The History of Orthopaedic Surgery - From Bone Setting to Modern Osteosynthesis. Survey lecture on the history of orthopaedic surgery from bonesetting to modern osteosynthesis. Bonesetting is not only a European past: traditional bonesetters remain a major provider of fracture care across sub-Saharan Africa today. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/0d252810-9ea0-4d81-b92d-b8df495c3614) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kPKIpxisOk
- **2024-05-10**, They Went Into Battle Unarmed \| The True Story of WW1’s Stretcher Bearers. On the stretcher bearers of the First World War. Evacuation time from the field to surgical care was one of the variables that changed most in the war, and it confounds any single-cause account of falling mortality. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/20b8592f-69ba-4045-8604-621beb3ffb3e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D78nnSRg-QU
- **2024-05-17**, The History of Surgery in London's Museums - A Tour of The Old Operating Theatre & 4 others. Tour of the Old Operating Theatre and four other London medical museums. The Old Operating Theatre at Old St Thomas' survives from the era before anaesthesia and before antisepsis. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/191e1329-fa81-49cb-b2e7-a36c0cf7a548) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQ9JSpvNv-0
- **2024-05-31**, Florence Nightingale – History Maker- Pioneering Medical Statistician. On Florence Nightingale as a pioneering medical statistician. Her polar area diagram made mortality data legible to people who could not read tables. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/98aba5a2-8f68-4740-bdf4-b6adf6b6749d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_OqJT1VHzo
- **2024**, American and Chadian military general surgeons work together during N'Djamena based medical exercise. Gerhard Kuntscher introduced intramedullary nailing in Germany from around 1939 to 1940. Allied surgeons encountered it in repatriated prisoners of war who had been nailed by German surgeons. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2a779bf6-df40-4d44-8bf1-3dbd648717ec) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:American_and_Chadian_military_general_surgeons_work_together_during_N%27Djamena_based_medical_exercise_(8494990).jpg
- **2024**, 12.06 「繁榮南島 智慧永續」總統視察臺帛海上救援聯合操演. President Lai observes Taiwan-Palau joint maritime rescue drill on 6 December 2024 (Official Photo by Liu Shu fu / Office of the President). Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/539bb178-376e-4b87-9880-9e110bad1099) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:12.06_%E3%80%8C%E7%B9%81%E6%A6%AE%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6_%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E3%80%8D%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E8%87%BA%E5%B8%9B%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E6%95%91%E6%8F%B4%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%93%8D%E6%BC%94_(54186360059).jpg
- **2024**, Ventilated surgical exhaust suit designed by Sir John Charnley. Charnley moved to high molecular weight polyethylene, reduced the femoral head diameter to 22 mm to lower frictional torque, and used polymethylmethacrylate bone cement for fixation. He called it low friction arthroplasty. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/348d2888-1bc5-447c-ad41-b1b2c0989bf9) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ventilated_surgical_exhaust_suit_designed_by_Sir_John_Charnley.jpg
- **2024**, Digital x-ray copy. A digital x-ray copy of a 29 years old man's right arm, whish showing the repot of minimally displaced fracture at lateral 1/3rd clavicle. Adoption was near-immediate and specifically for bone. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3bf7f0b5-153c-4038-9a92-03b6a16ad109) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Digital_x-ray_copy.jpg
- **2024**, X-ray Computed Tomography of Astromaterials -- jsc2024e076997. Jsc2024e076997 --- Scott Eckley, X-ray scientist within NASA Johnson Space Center’s Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), demonstrates the process for placing a container holding a piece of asteroid material in an X-Ray Computed Tomography (XCT) machine. Long wards of children in frames are the characteristic institutional image of orthopedics for the first two thirds of the twentieth century, when the caseload was polio and skeletal tuberculosis. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/dfe48b6a-80dd-41ff-b2a0-b96cea41cf66) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:X-ray_Computed_Tomography_of_Astromaterials_--_jsc2024e076997.jpg
- **2024**, A prosthesis maintenance day at the hackerspace (and more). Solarpunk illustration of a maker/hackerspace where people of various backgrounds, ages and abilities meet to create, fix things and learn from each other. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c869b9d7-b4a2-43ad-93d5-848dc1cc330f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_prosthesis_maintenance_day_at_the_hackerspace_(and_more).png
- **2024**, Protez-bacak-ottobock. An individual riding a bicycle using an Ottobock prosthetic leg. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/94617acb-259e-422a-a7c4-09e1c1645b26) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Protez-bacak-ottobock.jpg
- **2024-07-25**, Who First Thought of the X-ray Shoe-Fitting Machine?. Account of the origins of the X-ray shoe-fitting machine. The device is the clearest example of radiography spreading far beyond any clinical or protective framework. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d5113e01-3c7b-491c-9ac2-9b6b297b93e4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qoUh92SeLqQ
- **2024-08-24**, The German neurosurgeon who created the Paralympics in an English village. CGTN Europe on Ludwig Guttmann, the German neurosurgeon who founded the Paralympic movement in an English village. He had fled Nazi Germany in 1939. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1f05b47a-fcc9-4eb8-8157-4de1e889ac18) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2XQRhrF-hp4
- **2024-08-24**, The History of the Paralympic Movement 🤓🎞️. Paralympic Games history of the movement. It began at Stoke Mandeville in 1948 with sixteen competitors and grew into a global event. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5dd6741e-bcac-480e-920c-268f80373e1c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuY6lThdwJ4
- **2024-09-11**, Trepanning in Prehistory: Ancient Surgery Unveiled. On trepanation in prehistory. The practice is documented across widely separated cultures with no contact between them. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/341ab121-b7b4-4374-979b-bfe55708086f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BdnBAcBBEM
- **2024-09-15**, August 2024 - Chris Smith - The W.D. Trotter Anatomy Museum: Almost 150 years of teaching support. Chris Smith on the W. D. Trotter Anatomy Museum in Dunedin and its century and a half of teaching collections. Anatomy museums preserve the skeletal material on which surgical teaching was built before imaging existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/31c8ddc0-bc55-4e61-ae18-8d236275fe5f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7hC28_icPIY
- **2024-10-15**, History's goriest operating table: Blood bowls, blades and bodies. Victoria and Albert Museum on a historical operating table with blood bowls. Furniture, not only instruments, records the conditions surgery was performed in. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/9ac43929-ff86-45f0-9bbb-5f625efc7b7d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rbaq17InSbA
- **2024-10-28**, Does investment in data collection and data validation justify the cost?. National Joint Registry session on whether investment in data collection and validation justifies its cost. The ASR case is the standard argument that it does. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2056af3b-7e7c-4548-97f1-e75d12ae7e17) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SrRkALmzXo
- **2024-11-05**, Birth of a Specialty with Dr. Herndon. American Orthopaedic Association conversation with Dr Herndon on the birth of the specialty. The American Orthopaedic Association was founded in 1887 and the British Orthopaedic Association in 1918. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d5451d0b-96b0-4a0f-b63c-fb4e6cfcf995) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2tA4Arq0lY
- **2024-11-05**, The Journey of an Orthopaedic Carousel President: An Interview with Ann Van Heest, MD, FAOA. American Orthopaedic Association interview with Ann Van Heest on her presidency. Orthopedic surgery is consistently reported as the least gender-diverse of the major surgical specialties in the United States and the United Kingdom. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/fedd634b-bfa6-4fc3-be28-7febf4e2ff9e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujwxT4B-j1U
- **2024-11-11**, Sir John Charnley and the Birth of Total Hip Arthroplasty. Account of John Charnley and the low friction arthroplasty developed at Wrightington. Charnley's first bearing material was PTFE, which failed catastrophically through wear debris; he then moved to ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene against a 22 mm head. Charnley died in 1982. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/603caf25-b324-4089-91d4-d3bdcdeccf0d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIsReErL1Mw
- **2024-11-11**, Gavriil Ilizarov and the Limb Lengthening Revolution. Account of Gavriil Ilizarov and limb lengthening. His method was effectively unknown in the West for around twenty years, a gap of language and politics rather than of evidence, and the best single argument for looking beyond the English search surface. Ilizarov died in 1992. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f9a6c2b1-d979-40eb-b079-e106e86b51c9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVn9IfxX74E
- **2024-11-14**, Masaki Watanabe and the Arthroscopy Revolution. On Masaki Watanabe and arthroscopy. Watanabe did not begin the field: Severin Nordentoft in Denmark in 1912, Kenji Takagi in Japan in 1918 and Eugen Bircher in Switzerland in 1921 all precede him, and different countries teach different answers to the priority question. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/c7d7cd7f-e809-4563-8b33-63a5a14d3668) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PH-cF55KLRc
- **2024-11-17**, Paul Harrington and the Revolution of Spinal Instrumentation. Account of Paul Harrington and spinal instrumentation. The Harrington rod was later succeeded by the Cotrel-Dubousset system and by Eduardo Luque's segmental wiring, which came out of Mexico. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/989eae0c-d9c7-481e-b8d4-51265b28703b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=riGPp0qKmb8
- **2024-11-23**, Maurice Müeller and the Origins of the AO Foundation. Account of Maurice Müller and the origins of the AO Foundation, founded in Switzerland in 1958. Müller died in 2009. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d3f502c1-faa0-4160-840a-387b423a39ca) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jw3G4HTR7U
### 2025
- **2025-01-07**, The Polio Crusade \| Full Documentary \| American Experience \| PBS. American Experience documentary The Polio Crusade. It covers the epidemics, the March of Dimes and the Salk announcement of 12 April 1955. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4846ff67-1a86-4ba5-9f61-2d2e3aa7a711) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kk2IDigWBN8
- **2025-01-17**, The pioneers of implantology - Episode 1: The discovery of osseointegration. Manufacturer series on the discovery of osseointegration by Per-Ingvar Brånemark, and promotional in origin. Brånemark found that titanium bonded to bone while studying bone healing in rabbits, and died in 2014. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/08feafd6-56f8-4129-9500-413c04a31418) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P7asaT8N8vQ
- **2025-03-05**, Life on the Front Lines Cathy Drake \| A Korean War MASH Nurse Remembers. Korean War MASH nurse Cathy Drake remembers life on the front lines. Nursing carried the continuous work of these units. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3790cdc0-7e2b-4e87-b96a-c6872fbc9430) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7J4t6nZttNA
- **2025-03-06**, Doctor Larrey: Napoleon's Surgeon and Pioneer of Battlefield Medicine (with Mick Crumplin) \| Ep 65. Mick Crumplin on Larrey as Napoleon's surgeon and a pioneer of battlefield medicine. Larrey's contribution was organisational, in evacuation and sorting, as much as operative. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f6af02c7-5d26-4a08-bc56-26b684bc7371) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OfZfMEMzyJU
- **2025-03-15**, Doug Interviews Ukrainian Orthopedic Surgeon Iakiv Fishchenko about life, work, and hope in Kyiv. Interview with the Ukrainian orthopedic surgeon Iakiv Fishchenko about working in Kyiv during the war. War surgery is a present-tense discipline, not only a historical one. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/fc261aa5-8d15-44da-b8e9-d13b954d5377) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qx8AfL9Zqa8
- **2025-03-20**, Medical History: Amputations In The Battlefield. History Hit on battlefield amputation. Amputation was the principal major operation of pre-antiseptic military surgery, and mortality was driven by infection rather than by the operation itself. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f32c8e0f-e164-4bce-a28c-ae5a7f1af6df) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_erxvSB-gds
- **2025-03-24**, Shoulder Arthroplasty Past, Present and Future 2024 \| William Levine, MD \| SDSI Shoulder Course. William Levine on the past, present and future of shoulder arthroplasty. The reverse shoulder prosthesis attributed to Paul Grammont changed which patients could be offered a replacement at all. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/67fbdca5-391f-49a1-97b6-88961ac0ab28) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMbF1CW0Gm0
- **2025-03-25**, Shoulder Arthroplasty: Past, Present and Future 2014 \| Christian Gerber, MD \| SDSI Shoulder Course. Christian Gerber on shoulder arthroplasty, recorded in 2014. Shoulder replacement developed decades behind the hip and knee and remains a much smaller registry population. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/5e035904-1dd9-4c91-872c-2c61b6a28ca8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rS2ixGaK0Vc
- **2025**, Bronze Age bone and ivory settings from England, Spain and Greece. Bronze Age bone and ivory settings in Europe. Bonesetters were unlicensed, frequently hereditary practitioners of manipulation who persisted alongside and in competition with the medical profession into the twentieth century, and in some regions to the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/20f3e60e-6a3d-4c67-bec5-9830b9f004ad) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bronze_Age_bone_and_ivory_settings_from_England,_Spain_and_Greece.png
- **2025**, 125472 sheba hospital tel hashomer PikiWiki Israel. Name: Sheba Hospital Tel HashomerDescription: Wheelchair collection facility at Sheba Hospital. Wheeled chairs and invalid carriages are part of the orthopedic and disability record, and they document mobility as it was actually arranged rather than as it was prescribed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/2698bde5-b3b8-481b-b71b-dcc57bba97e6) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:125472_sheba_hospital_tel_hashomer_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg
- **2025**, Zystisches Fremdkoerpergranulom an der Spitze einer Knieprothese in der Tibia 79M - CR und CT - 001. Zystisches Fremdkörpergranulom an der Spitze einer Knieprothese in der Tibia mit pathologische Fraktur. The history of joint replacement is not primarily a history of surgical technique. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d3542039-62f9-40a9-a99e-aa9cf283a74f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zystisches_Fremdkoerpergranulom_an_der_Spitze_einer_Knieprothese_in_der_Tibia_79M_-_CR_und_CT_-_001.jpg
- **2025**, Glove and saw used in the amputation of Lord Uxbridges leg. Photo of glove and saw used in the amputation of Lord Uxbridge's leg. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ea0fe6eb-0756-4734-8cb2-03240a507374) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glove_and_saw_used_in_the_amputation_of_Lord_Uxbridges_leg.JPG
- **2025**, Circumcision instruments arrayed on black velvet background - left. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/844dd7aa-cacd-450e-b575-7fc0a4b4d2b1) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circumcision_instruments_arrayed_on_black_velvet_background_-_left.png
- **2025**, Circumcision instruments arrayed on black velvet background - right. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/27b2aad5-dbae-4d47-b757-836a8e46bf41) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circumcision_instruments_arrayed_on_black_velvet_background_-_right.png
- **2025**, Circumcision instruments arrayed on black velvet background - centered. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8f34c954-f0a8-4930-838e-8b6ff51289d9) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circumcision_instruments_arrayed_on_black_velvet_background_-_centered.png
- **2025**, Circumcision instruments on green cloth in tray 2 - centered. Surgical instrument and appliance trade catalogues are a major and under-used visual record of what was actually made and sold, as against what was written about. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/795a3ce6-5bf7-48f1-adb4-3d9606e5a2f7) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circumcision_instruments_on_green_cloth_in_tray_2_-_centered.jpg
- **2025**, 20251102 Rachitisches Skelett Medizinhistorisches Museum Charité Berlin anagoria. Berlin Museum of Medical History at the Charité: Rachitic Skeleton. Rickets, nutritional vitamin D deficiency causing bone deformity, was historically associated with industrial cities, smoke and lack of sunlight and was known in Britain as the English disease. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f8985070-d0ea-4dea-9213-92d71d2dbc9d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20251102_Rachitisches_Skelett_Medizinhistorisches_Museum_Charit%C3%A9_Berlin_anagoria.jpg
- **2025**, Ludwig-Guttmann-statue-Stoke-Mandeville-hospital-2025. Statue of Professor Sir Ludwig Guttmann in Stoke Mandeville hospital, photographed in November 2025. The Paralympic movement originates with Ludwig Guttmann at Stoke Mandeville, with the first games held to coincide with the 1948 London Olympics. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1eb5443c-3a3a-466c-ab13-4c4f600b1fc9) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ludwig-Guttmann-statue-Stoke-Mandeville-hospital-2025.jpg
- **2025**, Clinical training at Judo therapy school. Bone-setting emerged as a specialised skill in China roughly three thousand years ago, wound physicians are attested from the Zhou dynasty, and die-da is the Chinese bone-setting and traumatology tradition, historically linked with martial arts communities. In Japan the tradition is sekkotsu, whose licensed modern descendant is judo therapy. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/deeb1578-baf2-43e0-8782-731d30b48050) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clinical_training_at_Judo_therapy_school.png
- **2025**, Traditional Tools. Stone tools, beads, projectile points and bone harpoons from late Stone age and Iron Age settings. Orthopedic surgery is consistently reported as the least gender-diverse of the major surgical specialties in the United States and United Kingdom. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/73c62313-422c-4607-a560-9aeeaeaf6d59) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_Tools.jpg
- **2025**, L'Association Generale Des Mutiles De La Guerre. Renseigne. Reeduque. Place. Prete Sur L'Honneur. Procure Les Soins Chirurgicaux. Adhesions Mutiles De La Guerre. - DPLA - cd3ee671564f4fd77d2bc46294817. 530. The poster shows two soldiers - one having lost his right arm, the other wearing a prosthetic on his right leg and holding a scythe - shaking hands and wearing medals. State programmes to supply artificial limbs to veterans, from the American Civil War onward, are a major driver of the prosthetics industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1c4df466-fa5b-4ebe-ba58-13a38691fc71) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:L%27Association_Generale_Des_Mutiles_De_La_Guerre._Renseigne._Reeduque._Place._Prete_Sur_L%27Honneur._Procure_Les_Soins_Chirurgicaux._Adhesions_Mutiles_De_La_Guerre._-_DPLA_-_cd3ee671564f4fd77d2bc46294817530.jpg
- **2025-08-09**, How Did The Thomas Splint Change WWI Medical Treatment? - First World War Journal. On how the Thomas splint changed wartime treatment of femoral fracture. The often-quoted eighty per cent baseline mortality is asserted rather than derived in every source that repeats it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/44b19ba0-39a2-49c1-90b6-2ea7d210ded7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OiEltgr4ac
- **2025-08-10**, What Was The Impact Of The Thomas Splint In WWI? - First World War Journal. On the impact of the Thomas splint in the First World War. The mortality claim is disputed: debridement, Carrel-Dakin irrigation, transfusion, anti-tetanus treatment and shortened evacuation all changed in the same window, and the sympathetic review concedes the fall cannot be attributed solely to the splint. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/4907c5c8-f838-4b9e-9901-466c906a241f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFbZTMxzff4
- **2025-08-15**, From Import to Innovation: India’s Orthopedic Implant Revolution \| Independence Day Special. On the growth of orthopedic implant manufacture in India. Domestic manufacture changes the cost structure of joint replacement in a country where most patients pay directly. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1ba22e1a-cbe3-40b0-9d23-216dd6cd5cf6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wq2Ba4TOgP8
- **2025-09-22**, What Was The Carrel-Dakin Method And How Was It Used In WWI? - First World War Journal. On the Carrel-Dakin method of wound irrigation in the First World War. It was one of several changes in the same window that make single-cause claims about falling mortality unsustainable. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/643d4516-dcd7-4e8f-8615-2402306af8b4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9aD3Tcai7Gk
- **2025-10-24**, Nurse From a MASH Unit Describes Life Behind the Front – 1952. A MASH nurse describes life behind the front in 1952. First-person accounts from women in these units are a small surviving record. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8fa34b9e-a344-4cf3-a057-a6c4fca34274) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3agUYIsOtI
- **2025-10-26**, Toulouse’s Medical History Unveiled: Musée de l'Histoire de la Médecine. The Musée d'Histoire de la Médecine in Toulouse. French medical museums hold anatomical and instrument collections comparable to the British and American ones. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/82862bbf-0e11-49f3-a29c-b65e4a873f34) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V9jWwRxMAQ0
- **2025-11-06**, Contributions by Sir Hugh Owen Thomas. On the contributions of Sir Hugh Owen Thomas, the Liverpool surgeon who designed the Thomas splint in 1875. Thomas died in 1891, more than twenty years before the First World War; it was his nephew Robert Jones who deployed the splint at the front. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e171f8f9-bd46-49b7-966c-94ed749804aa) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EaB3cNJoMyA
- **2025-11-07**, The 'Petites Curies': Bringing X-rays to the Battlefield. On the petites Curies, the mobile X-ray units Marie Curie organised for the Western Front. Battlefield radiography located fragments and fractures at or near the casualty clearing station. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6fbd166f-7a0e-44e5-9308-61cbf539d00e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=po9uNZsI354
- **2025-11-14**, Army Nurse Talks About Life in a MASH Unit – Recorded 1974. An army nurse describes life in a MASH unit, recorded in 1974. Oral histories recorded decades after the events are the main surviving first-person record. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/d39d6651-7111-412c-a02b-0958ca883f02) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKypvYoo7po
- **2025-11-25**, How the RAMC Worked in WW1 \| Field Ambulance Organisation Explained. On how the Royal Army Medical Corps organised field ambulances in the First World War. Organisation, not technique, is what shortened the time from wounding to surgery. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1fba540e-d3f1-4363-b723-87b9fbedaaf9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xKWnE63E8U
- **2025-12-04**, History and Evolution of Spine Deformity Care presented by Behrooz Akbarnia, MD. Behrooz Akbarnia on the history and evolution of spinal deformity care. Correction moved from casts and traction through Harrington instrumentation to segmental systems. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f70a8320-af45-4cc1-b792-6317f2b0e74e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0e7MxbujrE
- **2025-12-17**, Post-Polio Syndrome Revisited \| Interview with a Survivor & Case Insights. Interview with a polio survivor on post-polio syndrome. The syndrome affects survivors decades after the original illness, which is why polio cannot be captioned purely in the past tense. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/034e583a-f5f6-400c-b582-71b34fc1341b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdRxMt2uVhc
- **2025-12-17**, Entrez dans l'Histoire - Ambroise Paré : le barbier qui a réinventé la chirurgie I Intégrale. French programme on Ambroise Paré, the barber-surgeon who served four kings. His account of running out of cauterising oil during the Piemont campaign of 1537 to 1538 was published by him in 1545. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/58d4eaf7-b1c3-4016-88d9-699e89698ec7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnoMwHMR78E
- **2025-12-18**, 124. Bonus! JBJS OrthoCorps: An Audio Archive of Stories from the Orthopaedic Community (Part 28). JBJS OrthoCorps, an audio archive of stories from the orthopaedic community. Oral history collections of this kind capture practice that never reached the journals. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/8041419d-4bd1-4dec-a2aa-2dba5bd6a5bd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fnOuUxnQvdE
### 2026
- **2026-01-18**, The Museum of Disability History at the Viscardi Center – Disability History New York City. On the Museum of Disability History at the Viscardi Center in New York. Disability history museums document the institutions built around polio, and how disabled people were treated in them. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/f5183c32-6dd9-433b-b20e-854a26f05e13) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GYWX4DmTys
- **2026-02-02**, How A Cheetah Revolutionized Human Potential? The Van Phillips Story. On Van Phillips and the design of the running blade. Phillips, himself an amputee, developed the Flex-Foot after losing a leg in a water-skiing accident. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/ce6eccf5-3ee6-4eab-945e-5d519f417493) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7eoWshrJjbQ
- **2026-02-20**, Medical Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion. National Library of Medicine on the Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion. The multi-volume work is one of the most detailed surgical records ever compiled and it names and depicts patients who could not consent. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/20f00419-2ca4-4eb3-b22d-cc36c678c9ee) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tbgaa1HMG0
- **2026-04-14**, From the Archives: Vesalius' Epitome. Columbia University Department of Surgery on Vesalius' Epitome from its archives. Andreas Vesalius published De humani corporis fabrica in 1543, and the Epitome was its condensed companion. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/09305022-f38c-4724-9235-abe156d82e44) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYGNPrbXlA8
- **2026-04-17**, Was the battle of Waterloo really fought on the playing Fields of Eton? - by Mick Crumplin. Mick Crumplin for the Waterloo Association. Dominique Jean Larrey's flying ambulances introduced organised evacuation to the Napoleonic armies. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/e77c1e3c-a94a-4c4a-9921-8d9dca035ee4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0IAwLbpfbL8
- **2026-05-02**, April 2026 - Jean-Claude Theis - Polio. Jean-Claude Theis on polio, at the Otago Medical School Alumni Association. Polio is not history everywhere: wild poliovirus transmission persists in a small number of countries and large survivor populations live worldwide. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/6452636f-a36d-4e7a-855b-8731e55a9b6c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0GWAvcp-pI
- **2026-05-12**, From Killing to Healing: The Lost Medical History of Jujutsu \| Japanese Martial Arts Documentary. On the medical tradition attached to Japanese jujutsu. Japanese bone-setting is sekkotsu, a recognised and still-practised tradition whose licensed modern descendant is judo therapy. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/3a87d375-a9fa-47b6-a398-bb5070ffa59f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mg4Zh6J6aXI
- **2026-06-04**, Surviving Polio \| The History of the Iron Lung \| Here’s the Thing. Science Museum on surviving polio and the history of the iron lung. The machine was expensive enough in the 1930s to be a significant hospital capital purchase. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/395cef51-2db7-49a5-a73c-915fad41ee6c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=028ycfDhKgc
- **2026-06-08**, Protesi d’anca: la storia che spiega perché oggi durano di più. Italian discussion of why hip prostheses last longer now than they once did. The bearing surface is the recurring problem: PTFE failed for Charnley, and metal on metal failed twice, first as McKee-Farrar and again with the ASR. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/b2fbaf01-2d6d-4f30-ba87-3e119642f37c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_AOzNiq1eg
- **2026**, Bäumchen et al. Ann Biomed Eng (2026) Fig 7AC. Radiographs of a tibial and a fibular fracture. Gerhard Kuntscher introduced intramedullary nailing in Germany from around 1939 to 1940. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/7d86bc09-fd31-4925-8e76-241f976a4822) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:B%C3%A4umchen_et_al._Ann_Biomed_Eng_(2026)_Fig_7AC.jpg
- **2026-06-23**, Born With No Limbs: I Didn't Want To Be Their Poster Child! Briel Adams-Wheatley. Briel Adams-Wheatley, born without limbs, on refusing to be an inspirational figure. Disabled people's own accounts complicate the framing that prosthetics narratives usually impose. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/fd155632-9eb3-4753-ba60-16868c4341e9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZKXCiAarBs
- **2026-07-20**, Николай Пирогов: как Русский ученый создал полевую Хирургию и навсегда изменил Медицину. Russian documentary on Nikolai Pirogov and the creation of field surgery. Plaster of Paris priority between Pirogov and the Dutch surgeon Antonius Mathijsen is genuinely contested and taught differently in different countries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/1a462f0e-28a1-4502-bc02-b0d8929fcb39) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B16zGYWlDJY
- **2026-08-25**, The Complete History of X-Rays: The Discovery That Killed the Doctors Who Made It. Long-form history of X-rays including the deaths of early radiation workers. The memorial to the martyrs of radiology in Hamburg records the names of those killed by the technology they pioneered. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/orthopedics/scene/a2de1a04-8258-4958-a833-ea17bb74167e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KX8k7v94OhA

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947 moments · Attribution: Loreline (loreline.live) · Public contributions welcome.