Perfume

The history of scent — from Tapputi, the Mesopotamian chemist who distilled the first recorded perfumes four thousand years ago, through the rose-water stills of the Islamic Golden Age, the glove-makers of Grasse, and the aldehydes of Chanel No.5, to the niche houses of today. Told through real artifacts, documentaries, the great houses and their perfumers, the raw ingredients — oud, ambergris, orris, jasmine — and a deep archive of the perfume commercials that turned a bottle into a dream, from Deneuve to Baz Luhrmann.

A chronological documentary of 193 moments spanning c. 1500 BC–2026 on Loreline.

last updated 2026-07-21

Eras

  1. Kyphi: The Ancient Egyptian Perfume. a look at Kyphi.
  2. The Ancient Origins of Perfume. a look at ancient Egypt.
  3. Ancient Egypt: alabaster perfume/unguent vessels
  4. Bronze Age Aromatics: Perfume at Pylos. a look at ancient Greece.
  5. Recreating Tapputi's 3,200-Year-Old Perfume. a look at Tapputi.
  6. Greek perfume vessels (aryballos/alabastron). )
  7. Roman glass unguentaria (perfume bottles). )
  8. Avicenna (Ibn Sina) — rose-oil distillation
  9. Catherine de’ Medici — brought perfume to France
  10. Santa Maria Novella — the oldest pharmacy
  11. The magical world of perfumes of Santa Maria Novella Pharmacy in Florence. the story of Santa Maria Novella, one of perfumery's great names.
  12. World's oldest pharmacy in Florence | Santa Maria Novella pharmacy in Florence | Just drea. the story of Santa Maria Novella, one of perfumery's great names.
  13. Johann Maria Farina — Eau de Cologne
  14. Grasse: The World Capital of Perfume. a look at Grasse.
  15. Inside Creed, One of the World's Oldest Perfume Houses | Scent World E26. the story of Creed, one of perfumery's great names.
  16. Grasse — the perfume capital of France
  17. Guerlain: The Perfume House That Changed Everything. the story of Guerlain, one of perfumery's great names.
  18. Penhaligon's: Entertaining The World's Nostril's Since 1870. the story of Penhaligon's, one of perfumery's great names.
  19. N°5, the 1973 Film with Catherine Deneuve: Whispered. Chanel — N°5 (1973). Perfume advertising.
  20. N°5, the 1977 Film with Catherine Deneuve: Mystery. Chanel — N°5 (1977). Perfume advertising.
  21. Christian Dior - Poison Commercial 1987. Dior — Poison (1987). Perfume advertising.
  22. Fahrenheit Dior Commercial 1988. Dior — Fahrenheit (1988). Perfume advertising.
  23. Calvin Klein 1988 Obsession [F Scott Fitzgerald] Directed by David Lynch. Calvin Klein — Obsession (1988) (dir. David Lynch). Perfume advertising.
  24. N°5, the 1990 Film by Ridley Scott, with Carole Bouquet: La Star. Chanel — N°5 (1990) (dir. Ridley Scott). Perfume advertising.
  25. EGOISTE, the 1990 Film: Le Carlton. Chanel — Égoïste (1990) (dir. Jean-Paul Goude). Perfume advertising.
  26. COCO, the 1991 Film with Vanessa Paradis. Chanel — Coco (1991) (dir. Jean-Paul Goude). Perfume advertising.
  27. Yves Saint Laurent - Opium commercial, 1992 (Directed by David Lynch). YSL — Opium (1992) (dir. David Lynch). Perfume advertising.
  28. OBSESSION by Calvin Klein 1993 feat. Kate Moss - TV Commercial. Calvin Klein — Obsession (1993) (dir. Mario Sorrenti). Perfume advertising.
  29. Sophia Grojsman at IFF in 'Mystery of the Senses' 1995. Sophia Grojsman, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  30. N°5, the 1998 Film by Luc Besson, with Estella Warren: Le Loup. Chanel — N°5 (1998) (dir. Luc Besson). Perfume advertising.
  31. DIOR - FAHRENHEIT - 2000. ). Perfume advertising.
  32. CHANCE, the 2003 Film with Anne Vyalitsyna: Venise. Chanel — Chance (2003). Perfume advertising.
  33. Britney Spears - Curious Fragrance Commercial. Britney Spears — Curious (2004). Perfume advertising.
  34. CHANEL N°5, the film with Nicole Kidman. Chanel — N°5 (2004) (dir. Baz Luhrmann). Perfume advertising.
  35. Alien TV AD. Thierry Mugler — Alien (2006). Perfume advertising.
  36. Inside Le Labo: The Luxury Fragrance Brand That Beats Everyone by Doing Less. the story of Le Labo, one of perfumery's great names.
  37. Byredo's Founder is Probably Not What You Expected Him to Be Like. the story of Byredo, one of perfumery's great names.
  38. DIOR MIDNIGHT POISON HQ - EVA GREEN. Dior — Midnight Poison (2007). Perfume advertising.
  39. Kate Winslet in Trésor by Lancôme commercial (Long version). Lancome — Trésor (1997). Perfume advertising.
  40. Angel by Thierry Mugler - Naomi Watts. Thierry Mugler — Angel (2008). Perfume advertising.
  41. 1 Million Paco Rabanne (HD). Paco Rabanne — 1 Million (2008). Perfume advertising.
  42. Dior Homme - Un Rendez Vous (by Guy Ritchie starring Jude Law). Dior — Dior Homme (2008) (dir. Guy Ritchie). Perfume advertising.
  43. CHANEL N°5, the film Train de Nuit with Audrey Tautou. Chanel — N°5 (2009) (dir. Jean-Pierre Jeunet). Perfume advertising.
  44. The perfumer’s organ (the nose’s workbench). ) The subject dates from 1950; this photograph was taken in 2009.
  45. Yves Saint Laurent Opium commercial feat Emily Blunt. YSL — Opium (2009). Perfume advertising.
  46. From Le Mâle to Baccarat Rouge 540: Master perfumer Francis Kurkdjian's scent-sational jou. the story of Maison Francis Kurkdjian, one of perfumery's great names.
  47. Old Spice | Questions. Old Spice — Old Spice (body wash) (2010) (dir. Tom Kuntz). Perfume advertising.
  48. Yves Saint-Laurent Belle D'Opium Launch (commercial). YSL — Belle d'Opium (2010) (dir. Romain Gavras). Perfume advertising.
  49. Estee lauder Pleasures commercial. Estee Lauder — Pleasures (2010). Perfume advertising.
  50. BLEU de CHANEL, the 2010 short film with Gaspard Ulliel. Chanel — Bleu de Chanel (2010) (dir. Martin Scorsese). Perfume advertising.
  51. Old Spice | The Man Your Man Could Smell Like. Old Spice — Old Spice (Red Zone body wash) (2010) (dir. Tom Kuntz). Perfume advertising.
  52. BLEU de CHANEL, the 2010 film with Gaspard Ulliel. Chanel — Bleu de Chanel (2010) (dir. Martin Scorsese). Perfume advertising.
  53. La Légende de Shalimar (Natalia Vodianova, The Legend of Shalimar). Guerlain — Shalimar (2011) (dir. Bruno Aveillan). Perfume advertising.
  54. ck one fragrance. Calvin Klein — CK One (2011). Perfume advertising.
  55. CHANCE, the 2011 Film with Anne Vyalitsyna. Chanel — Chance (2011). Perfume advertising.
  56. Dior J'adore 2011 Charlize Theron HD Commercial. Dior — J'adore (2011) (dir. Jean-Jacques Annaud). Perfume advertising.
  57. Classique | Jean Paul Gaultier. Jean Paul Gaultier — Classique (2011). Perfume advertising.
  58. Lancôme - Trésor with Penelope Cruz (2011). Lancome — Trésor (2011). Perfume advertising.
  59. forbidden euphoria calvin klein. Calvin Klein — Euphoria (2011). Perfume advertising.
  60. COCO MADEMOISELLE, the film with Keira Knightley. Chanel — Coco Mademoiselle (2011) (dir. Joe Wright). Perfume advertising.
  61. Le Male | Jean Paul Gaultier. Jean Paul Gaultier — Le Male (2011). Perfume advertising.
  62. Chanel No.5 and Aldehydes Explained. a look at Chanel No.5 history.
  63. Britney Spears - Fantasy Twist (Official TV Commercial). Britney Spears — Fantasy (2012). Perfume advertising.
  64. Guerlain — the historic Paris house. The subject dates from 1900; this photograph was taken in 2012.
  65. COCO NOIR, the Film. Chanel — Coco Noir (2012). Perfume advertising.
  66. Chloé Eau de Parfum new campaign. Chloé — Chloé Eau de Parfum (2012). Perfume advertising.
  67. The Story of Fragrances - How Perfume Is Made. a look at how perfume is made.
  68. Miss Dior - The new film (Official Director's Cut). Dior — Miss Dior (2012) (dir. Sofia Coppola). Perfume advertising.
  69. Old Spice Terry Crews Jetski. Old Spice — Old Spice (body spray) (2012). Perfume advertising.
  70. GUERLAIN - La Petite Robe Noire Couture. Guerlain — La Petite Robe Noire (2012). Perfume advertising.
  71. Lancôme: 'La Vie Est Belle' film with Julia Roberts. Lancome — La Vie Est Belle (2012) (dir. Tarsem Singh). Perfume advertising.
  72. N°5, the Film with Brad Pitt: Wherever I Go. Chanel — N°5 (2012) (dir. Joe Wright). Perfume advertising.
  73. Axe - Susan Glenn. Axe / Lynx — Axe Anarchy (Fear No Susan Glenn) (2012) (dir. Ringan Ledwidge). Perfume adve
  74. CHANEL N°5 - For the first time – Inside CHANEL. the story of Chanel No.5, one of perfumery's great names.
  75. Perfumer Alberto Morillas. Alberto Morillas, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  76. Daisy by Marc Jacobs. Marc Jacobs — Daisy (2013). Perfume advertising.
  77. Jean Paul Gaultier On the Docks Teaser Campaign. Jean Paul Gaultier — Le Male (2013) (dir. Jean-Baptiste Mondino). Perfume advertising.
  78. Invictus | PACO RABANNE. Paco Rabanne — Invictus (2013). Perfume advertising.
  79. PRADA presents "CASTELLO CAVALCANTI" by Wes Anderson. Prada — Prada (brand short film) (2013) (dir. Wes Anderson). Perfume advertising.
  80. SI by Giorgio Armani (starring Cate Blanchett) - Remastered Long Version. Giorgio Armani — Sì (2013). Perfume advertising.
  81. Davidoff Cool Water starring Paul Walker - TV Spot. Davidoff — Cool Water (2013). Perfume advertising.
  82. Axe - Astronaut. Axe / Lynx — Axe Apollo (2013). Perfume advertising.
  83. Estee Lauder Modern Muse. (2013) (dir. Bruce Weber). Perfume advertising.
  84. Prada presents the film Candy L'Eau starring Léa Seydoux. Prada — Prada Candy (2013) (dir. Wes Anderson & Roman Coppola). Perfume advertising.
  85. Coco – Inside CHANEL. the story of Chanel, one of perfumery's great names.
  86. Dior J'adore - "The Future Is Gold" - The New Film. Dior — J'adore (2014) (dir. Romain Gavras). Perfume advertising.
  87. Violet Enfleurage - How Perfume Is Made. a look at enfleurage.
  88. Dolce&Gabbana Light Blue TV Commercial. Dolce & Gabbana — Light Blue (2014) (dir. Mario Testino). Perfume advertising.
  89. N°5, the Film with Gisele Bündchen, Michiel Huisman and Lo-Fang. Chanel — N°5 (2014) (dir. Baz Luhrmann). Perfume advertising.
  90. Gabrielle Chanel – Inside CHANEL (VF). ) — the story of Gabrielle Chanel, one of perfumery's great names.
  91. CHANCE EAU VIVE, the Film. Chanel — Chance (2015). Perfume advertising.
  92. Chanel No.5 — the 1921 landmark. The subject dates from 1921; this photograph was taken in 2015.
  93. euphoria Calvin Klein. Calvin Klein — Euphoria (2015). Perfume advertising.
  94. Estée Lauder Modern Muse Le Rouge Fragrance TV Commercial (2015). Estee Lauder — Modern Muse (2015). Perfume advertising.
  95. YSL - Pub TV La Nuit de L'Homme 2015. YSL — La Nuit de L'Homme (2015). Perfume advertising.
  96. The story of Oman's Amouage perfume. the story of Amouage, one of perfumery's great names.
  97. GUERLAIN - La Petite Robe Noire Ma Robe Pétales. Guerlain — La Petite Robe Noire (2015). Perfume advertising.
  98. Olympéa | PACO RABANNE. Paco Rabanne — Olympéa (2015). Perfume advertising.
  99. Gucci Guilty Campaign. Gucci — Gucci Guilty (2016). Perfume advertising.
  100. L'HOMME - YSL Beauty. YSL — L'Homme (2016). Perfume advertising.
  101. Gucci Guilty | Director's Cut. Gucci — Gucci Guilty (2016) (dir. Glen Luchford). Perfume advertising.
  102. A legend in Perfumery: Sophia Grojsman. Sophia Grojsman, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  103. TOM FORD Black Orchid. (2016). Perfume advertising.
  104. Dior J'adore The Absolute Femininity - The new film. Dior — J'adore (2016) (dir. Romain Gavras). Perfume advertising.
  105. ETERNITY CALVIN KLEIN. Calvin Klein — Eternity (2017). Perfume advertising.
  106. (Official) Mon Guerlain commercial: Starring Angelina Jolie. Guerlain — Mon Guerlain (2017). Perfume advertising.
  107. Miss Dior, O Novo Eau de Parfum (Sia - Chandelier) - 2017. Dior — Miss Dior (2017) (dir. Anton Corbijn). Perfume advertising.
  108. Discover Frankincense from the heart of Oman | Neal's Yard Remedies. frankincense, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  109. YSL Black Opium – Fashion Beauty. YSL — Black Opium (2017). Perfume advertising.
  110. GABRIELLE CHANEL, the Film with Kristen Stewart. Chanel — Gabrielle (2017) (dir. Ringan Ledwidge). Perfume advertising.
  111. CALVIN KLEIN OBSESSED. Calvin Klein — Obsession (2017). Perfume advertising.
  112. Gucci Bloom: The Campaign Film. Gucci — Gucci Bloom (2017). Perfume advertising.
  113. Yves Saint Laurent - Black Opium starring Zoe Kravitz - The Film - 2018. YSL — Black Opium (2018). Perfume advertising.
  114. The Story of Fragrances | Master Perfumer Christophe Laudamiel. Christophe Laudamiel, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  115. Invictus Aqua | PACO RABANNE. Paco Rabanne — Invictus (2018). Perfume advertising.
  116. BLEU de CHANEL, the 2018 film with Gaspard Ulliel. Chanel — Bleu de Chanel (2018). Perfume advertising.
  117. CK ONE. Calvin Klein — CK One (2018). Perfume advertising.
  118. BOSS The Scent starring Jamie Dornan and Birgit Kos | BOSS. Hugo Boss — BOSS The Scent (2018). Perfume advertising.
  119. 2018 J'adore Dior the New Absolu - The film Charlize Theron. Dior — J'adore (2018) (dir. Romain Gavras). Perfume advertising.
  120. Perfume Through The Decades. a look at history of perfume.
  121. Interview with Brooklyn Fragrance Lover | Master Perfumer Christophe Laudamiel. Christophe Laudamiel, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  122. CHANCE, the Film: Take a New Chance. Chanel — Chance (2019). Perfume advertising.
  123. Gabrielle Chanel and the Arts — Inside CHANEL. the story of Gabrielle Chanel, one of perfumery's great names.
  124. Gabrielle Chanel and Cinema — Inside CHANEL. the story of Gabrielle Chanel, one of perfumery's great names.
  125. DIOR HOMME - The New Fragrance. Dior — Dior Homme (2020). Perfume advertising.
  126. CHANEL N°5, the Film with Marion Cotillard. Chanel — N°5 (2020) (dir. Johan Renck). Perfume advertising.
  127. Daisy Marc Jacobs. Marc Jacobs — Daisy (2020). Perfume advertising.
  128. Yves Saint Laurent: Style is Eternal | Full Documentary. the story of Yves Saint Laurent, one of perfumery's great names.
  129. Yves Saint Laurent Documentary Fashion Film: The History of the House of Yves Saint Lauren. the story of Yves Saint Laurent, one of perfumery's great names.
  130. Why Agarwood Is So Expensive | So Expensive. oud, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  131. Chris Hemsworth for the New BOSS Bottled Eau de Parfum | BOSS. Hugo Boss — BOSS Bottled (2020). Perfume advertising.
  132. Gabrielle Chanel and Music — Inside CHANEL. the story of Gabrielle Chanel, one of perfumery's great names.
  133. Lancôme IDÔLE Aura Zendaya - Anuncio TV España. Lancome — Idôle (2021). Perfume advertising.
  134. 'We found an $1.5m ambergris fortune in a sperm whale's belly' - BBC News. ambergris, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  135. Thai fisherman finds whale vomit worth over US$1 million. ambergris, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  136. Miss Dior | The New Fragrance | Commercial 2021 | Natalie Portman. Dior — Miss Dior (2021). Perfume advertising.
  137. Live interview with Olivier Cresp, perfumer, Akro Fragrances, on Love At First Scent ep 22. Olivier Cresp, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  138. GUERLAIN | Mon Guerlain Sparkling Bouquet | The bottle.. Guerlain — Mon Guerlain (2021). Perfume advertising.
  139. Interview with Master Perfumer Olivier Cresp | AKRO Fragrances & his Journey into Fragranc. Olivier Cresp, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  140. PHANTOM, the new fragrance for men | PACO RABANNE. Paco Rabanne — Phantom (2021). Perfume advertising.
  141. Viktor&Rolf Spicebomb Infrared – The New Eau De Toilette. Viktor&Rolf — Spicebomb Infrared (2021). Perfume advertising.
  142. Jean-Claude Ellena, l'un des plus grands parfumeurs au monde - Rester creatif. Jean-Claude Ellena, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  143. Guerlain Shalimar (1925). ) The subject dates from 1925; this photograph was taken in 2021.
  144. THE FARMER OF THE CHANEL ROSE! By Loic Prigent. rose, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  145. Edmond Roudnitska Perfumers Portfolio Series. Edmond Roudnitska, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  146. Why 4 Of The World's Priciest Scents Are So Expensive | So Expensive Marathon | Business I. frankincense, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  147. Enfleurage at Robertet, Grasse. a look at enfleurage.
  148. La Vie Est Belle - The Iconic Eau De Parfum. Lancome — La Vie Est Belle (2022). Perfume advertising.
  149. ITALICUS presents: a discovery of the "Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria". " — bergamot, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  150. Vanilla Is The 2nd Most Expensive Spice. So Why Do Madagascar's Farmers Live In Poverty?. ? — vanilla, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  151. A Master French Perfumer Takes Us Behind the Scenes | Christophe Laudamiel | Wondros Podca. Christophe Laudamiel, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  152. Why Jasmine Oil Is So Expensive | So Expensive | Business Insider. jasmine, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  153. Spotlight on Perfumer Jean Claude Ellena who created Terre D'Hermes. Jean-Claude Ellena, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  154. Why Sandalwood Is So Expensive | So Expensive. sandalwood, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  155. Scandal - Jean Paul Gaultier. Directed by Laura Marciano. Jean Paul Gaultier — Scandal (2023) (dir. Laura Marciano). Perfume advertising.
  156. J'ADORE, THE OFFICIAL DIRECTOR'S CUT BY STEVEN KLEIN. Dior — J'adore (2023) (dir. Steven Klein). Perfume advertising.
  157. Why Bulgarian Rose Oil Is So Expensive | So Expensive | Business Insider. rose, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  158. J'adore - The Making Of J'adore, The New Film. Dior — J'adore (2023) (dir. Steven Klein). Perfume advertising.
  159. Timothée Chalamet: the new ambassador of BLEU DE CHANEL. Chanel — Bleu de Chanel (2023) (dir. Martin Scorsese). Perfume advertising.
  160. The art of perfumery: Bulgaria's Rose Valley | WIDE. rose, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  161. New Idôle Now | By Lancôme. Lancome — Idôle (2023). Perfume advertising.
  162. Discovering Traditional Taif Rose Oil Factory in Saudi Arabia by Russian Adam. rose, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  163. Les Legendaires: Mitsouko | GUERLAIN. Jacques Guerlain, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  164. Frederic Malle on the Ultimate Creative Freedom in Perfumery (Scent World E28). ) — the story of Frederic Malle, one of perfumery's great names.
  165. WHO WAS MISS DIOR? (The Brave Life of Catherine Dior). ) — the story of Miss Dior, one of perfumery's great names.
  166. MILLION GOLD | RABANNE. Paco Rabanne — 1 Million (2024). Perfume advertising.
  167. Inside the World of Perfumer Francis Kurkdjian. Francis Kurkdjian, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  168. A rendez-vous. Chanel — N°5 (2024). Perfume advertising.
  169. CHANEL N°5 and Grasse jasmine | Full Documentary. jasmine, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  170. Introducing ACQUA DI GIÒ PROFONDO PARFUM by Giorgio Armani. Giorgio Armani — Acqua di Giò (2024). Perfume advertising.
  171. Rencontre avec Jean-Claude Ellena, l'alchimiste des senteurs. Jean-Claude Ellena, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  172. MILLION GOLD FOR HER | RABANNE. Paco Rabanne — Lady Million (2024). Perfume advertising.
  173. Entretien Jean-Claude Ellena, Dans l'odeur des jours. Jean-Claude Ellena, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  174. Sauvage Eau Forte - TVC Complementary. Dior — Sauvage (2024) (dir. Jean-Baptiste Mondino). Perfume advertising.
  175. CHANEL N°5: Inventing the Dream, A Visual History of the World's Most Iconic Perfume. the story of Chanel No.5, one of perfumery's great names.
  176. Christian Dior's History of Elegance | Inside Dior (Part 1 + 2) | Full Length Documentary!. ! — the story of Dior, one of perfumery's great names.
  177. Ernest Beaux: The Man Behind Chanel No. 5 | The Fragrance Report. Ernest Beaux, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  178. Mugler - Angel Stellar Eau de Parfum Lumineuse - starring Hunter Schafer. Thierry Mugler — Angel (2025). Perfume advertising.
  179. In Conversation With Francis Kurkdjian. Francis Kurkdjian, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  180. LIBRE Free at Heart | Campaign Film ft. Dua Lipa. YSL — Libre (2025). Perfume advertising.
  181. The New Miss Dior Essence. Dior — Miss Dior (2025). Perfume advertising.
  182. Dior Homme Parfum - I'm Your Man. Dior — Dior Homme (2025). Perfume advertising.
  183. The World's Rarest Scent: How Deer Musk Became a Perfume Legend | Endangered Luxury. musk, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  184. Tacit: Christophe Laudamiel, Master Perfumer. Christophe Laudamiel, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  185. Sauvage Elixir - The New Film. Dior — Sauvage (2025) (dir. Jean-Baptiste Mondino). Perfume advertising.
  186. THE HOUSE OF AMOUAGE, HIGH PERFUMERY FROM THE SULTANATE OF OMAN SINCE 1983. the story of Amouage, one of perfumery's great names.
  187. La historia del perfume (Spanish). ) — a look at history of perfume.
  188. Passion for Scent - The True Story of Perfume. a look at history of perfume.
  189. Inside the flower fields of Grasse for Chanel No.5. a look at Grasse.
  190. What Perfume Is Made Of — Orris Root. orris, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  191. Most Expensive Wood on Earth (Vietnam's Agarwood). ) — oud, one of perfumery's essential ingredients.
  192. Francis Kurkdjian Interview | Dior, Performance and Unforgettable Fragrance. Francis Kurkdjian, one of the great noses ('le nez').
  193. Recreating Ancient Greek Perfume. a look at ancient Greece.

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