Space

The spacecraft and missions that made the Space Age — Sputnik 1 to Artemis I, with the unmanned probes that mapped the solar system in between.

A chronological documentary of 101 moments spanning 1957–2024 on Loreline.

last updated 2026-07-16

1. 1957-10-04 — Sputnik 1. First artificial satellite. Beach-ball-sized; broadcast a beeping signal for 22 days. Launched October 4, 1957 by the USSR. Triggered the Sputnik crisis in the US — NASA was created within a year.
2. 1957-11-03 — Sputnik 2 (Laika). First living creature in orbit — a Moscow street dog named Laika. The capsule was not designed to return. The USSR admitted in 2002 that she died within hours of launch from overheating.
3. 1957-12-06 — Vanguard TV-3 (Flopnik). December 6, 1957. The US response to Sputnik exploded on the pad two seconds after ignition, on live television. The press christened it "Flopnik." Eisenhower fast-tracked the Explorer 1 backup; the humiliation drove the creation of NASA.
4. 1958-02-01 — Explorer 1. First US satellite. Discovered the Van Allen radiation belts. Designed and built by JPL in 84 days after the Vanguard rocket exploded on the pad on national television.
5. 1958-10-11 — Pioneer 1. October 11, 1958 — NASA's first launch (six days after the agency began operations). Failed to reach the Moon but reached 113,800 km — the highest any spacecraft had gone. Confirmed the outer Van Allen belt.
6. 1959-09-12 — Luna 2. First spacecraft to reach the Moon — by crashing into it. Carried Soviet pennants. Khrushchev gave Eisenhower a replica during a visit two days later.
7. 1959-10-04 — Luna 3. First photographs of the far side of the Moon — which no human had ever seen. The images were transmitted via radio after the film was developed onboard automatically.
8. 1960-04-01 — TIROS-1 (Weather). April 1, 1960. The first successful weather satellite. Returned the first television images of Earth's cloud cover. Made operational meteorology a satellite-driven science within a decade.
9. 1961-05-05 — Freedom 7 (Shepard). First American in space. Alan Shepard, 15-minute suborbital flight, May 5, 1961. Three weeks later JFK announced the Moon program. Shepard would walk on the Moon 10 years later.
10. 1962-02-20 — Friendship 7 (Glenn). First American in orbit. John Glenn made three orbits aboard the Mercury capsule. Returned a national hero; later US Senator; flew again on the Space Shuttle aged 77.
11. 1962-08-27 — Mariner 2 (Venus). August 27, 1962. First successful planetary flyby — Venus. Confirmed Venus has no magnetic field and a surface temperature of ~470°C. Killed any remaining "Venus is Earth's twin" hopes.
12. 1963-06-16 — Vostok 6 (Tereshkova). First woman in space. Valentina Tereshkova orbited Earth 48 times. No other woman flew to space for 19 years (until Svetlana Savitskaya, 1982).
13. 1964-11-28 — Mariner 4 (Mars Flyby). First successful Mars mission. 22 grainy photographs of a cratered, Moon-like surface. Killed Lowellian fantasies of Martian canals and seas overnight; recast Mars as a dead world for the next 30 years.
14. 1965-03-18 — Voskhod 2 (Leonov EVA). First spacewalk. Alexei Leonov, 12 minutes outside the capsule. His suit ballooned and he barely fit back through the airlock. Landed in the Siberian taiga; spent the night surrounded by wolves.
15. 1965-03-23 — Gemini 3 (First Crewed Maneuver). March 23, 1965. Grissom and Young's Gemini 3 was the first spacecraft to change its own orbit while crewed. Young smuggled a corned-beef sandwich aboard; the resulting Congressional scolding is NASA folklore.
16. 1965-12-04 — Gemini 7 / Gemini 6A. First crewed rendezvous in space. Schirra and Stafford in Gemini 6A flew within 30cm of Borman and Lovell's Gemini 7. Proved astronauts could find each other in orbit — the prerequisite for Apollo.
17. 1966-05-30 — Surveyor 1. June 2, 1966. First American soft landing on the Moon (USSR's Luna 9 beat it by four months). Demonstrated the lunar surface could support a crewed lander — settled a 1960s debate about whether astronauts would sink into dust.
18. 1967-04-23 — Soyuz 1 (Komarov). April 24, 1967. First in-flight fatality of any spaceflight. Vladimir Komarov's Soyuz parachute failed on re-entry; he was killed. Soviet officials had been warned the vehicle was unsafe; Komarov flew rather than let Yuri Gagarin (his backup) take the risk.
19. 1968-12-21 — Apollo 8 (First Lunar Orbit). First crewed flight to leave Earth orbit and orbit the Moon. Borman, Lovell, Anders. The Christmas Eve Genesis reading was broadcast to ~1 billion people. Anders took the Earthrise photograph.
20. 1969-05-18 — Apollo 10 (Dress Rehearsal). May 1969. Full Apollo dry-run — Stafford, Young, Cernan flew the LM to within 15.6 km of the lunar surface but did not land. The most successful "dress rehearsal" in spaceflight history; cleared Apollo 11 for the landing two months later.
21. 1969-07-16 — Apollo 11 (First Moon Landing). July 20, 1969. Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin on the lunar surface; Michael Collins in lunar orbit. ~650 million people watched on TV. The Cold War rationale of the Moon program ended within the next few flights.
22. 1969-11-14 — Apollo 12 (Precision Landing). November 1969. Conrad and Bean landed within 200m of the Surveyor 3 probe (1967) and returned pieces of it to Earth. Hit by lightning 36 seconds after launch; the famous "SCE to AUX" fix from controller John Aaron saved the mission.
23. 1970-09-12 — Luna 16 (First Robotic Sample Return). September 1970. Soviet probe returned 101g of lunar regolith — the first robotic sample return from another world. Demonstrated that lunar samples didn't require astronauts; the USSR's pivot away from crewed lunar.
24. 1970-11-10 — Lunokhod 1. November 17, 1970. First successful planetary rover — Soviet, on the Moon. Drove 10.5 km over 11 lunar days. Retroreflector still used by laser-ranging stations to measure the Earth-Moon distance to centimetre accuracy.
25. 1971-04-19 — Salyut 1 (First Space Station). April 19, 1971. First crewed space station of any kind. Only one crew (Soyuz 11) ever boarded it — and all three were killed by a depressurization on re-entry. The vehicle was de-orbited five months later.
26. 1971-05-30 — Mariner 9 (First Mars Orbiter). November 13, 1971. First spacecraft to orbit another planet — Mars. Arrived during a planet-wide dust storm; once it cleared, Olympus Mons (the largest volcano in the solar system) was visible. Rewrote our understanding of Mars geology.
27. 1972-12-07 — Apollo 17 (Last Moon Walk). Last crewed lunar landing. Cernan and Schmitt spent 22 hours outside the lander. Returned the Blue Marble photograph. No human has been to the Moon since.
28. 1973-03-03 — Pioneer 10 (First to Jupiter). March 1972. First spacecraft to traverse the asteroid belt; first to fly past Jupiter (December 1973); first to leave the solar system's planetary region. Carried the famous Pioneer plaque designed by Carl Sagan and Frank Drake.
29. 1973-05-14 — Skylab. First US space station. Launched May 14, 1973; lost a solar panel and a micrometeoroid shield on the way up — repaired by the first crew. Three crews lived aboard before it was abandoned in 1974; reentered over Australia in 1979.
30. 1975-06-08 — Venera 9 (Venus Surface Photos). October 22, 1975. Soviet probe sent the first photographs from the surface of another planet — Venus. Survived 53 minutes at 485°C in 92 atmospheres before pressure crushed it. The visual coup of the Venera program.
31. 1975 — Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. First international human spaceflight mission. Apollo (Stafford, Brand, Slayton) docked with Soyuz 19 (Leonov, Kubasov) — the first American-Soviet handshake in space. Détente made real for two days.
32. 1977-08-20 — Voyager 2. Launched two weeks before Voyager 1. Only spacecraft to visit all four giant planets — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Crossed the heliopause in 2018. Still transmitting after 47 years.
33. 1977-09-05 — Voyager 1. Launched September 5, 1977. Now the most distant human-made object — about 24 billion km away as of 2024. Crossed the heliopause in 2012 — first object to leave the heliosphere. Carries the Golden Record.
34. 1981-04-12 — STS-1 (Columbia First Flight). First Space Shuttle mission. Young and Crippen. First time an unmanned spacecraft was flown crewed on its maiden voyage. Defined the next 30 years of US human spaceflight.
35. 1983-06-18 — STS-7 (Sally Ride). First American woman in space. Sally Ride, 32, on Challenger's second flight. Came out posthumously in 2012 in her obituary; her surviving partner of 27 years acknowledged.
36. 1983-11-28 — STS-9 / Spacelab 1. November 1983. First Spacelab mission — European Space Agency's pressurized lab module in the Shuttle's payload bay. Six crew including West German astronaut Ulf Merbold, the first non-American to fly on a US spacecraft.
37. 1984-02-03 — STS-41-B (Untethered EVA). February 7, 1984. Bruce McCandless made the first untethered spacewalk using the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU). The "lone astronaut against the void" photograph is one of the most reproduced from the Shuttle era.
38. 1986-02-19 — Mir Space Station. Launched February 20, 1986. Soviet (later Russian) space station — the first long-term continuous human presence in space. Hosted 104 crew members from 12 countries over 15 years. De-orbited 2001.
39. 1986 — Challenger Disaster. January 28, 1986, 73 seconds after launch. Seven crew killed, including teacher Christa McAuliffe. Watched live by US schoolchildren. O-ring failure in the cold; the Rogers Commission report rewrote NASA's safety culture.
40. 1989-05-04 — Magellan (Venus Radar Map). First successful Venus orbital mission. Used radar to map 98% of the surface through Venus's permanent cloud cover. Showed Venus has no plate tectonics and a young (~500M year) surface.
41. 1989-10-18 — Galileo (Jupiter). Launched October 1989; arrived Jupiter 1995. Watched Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 hit Jupiter. Discovered evidence of subsurface ocean on Europa. Deliberately crashed into Jupiter 2003 to avoid contaminating Europa.
42. 1995-06-27 — STS-71 (First Shuttle-Mir Docking). June 29, 1995. Atlantis docked with Mir — the first joining of US and Russian spacecraft since Apollo-Soyuz 20 years earlier. Created the largest spacecraft assembly at the time. Prelude to the ISS partnership.
43. 1997 — Mars Pathfinder + Sojourner. First Mars rover. Bounced down in airbags. Sojourner rover the size of a microwave oven roamed for 83 sols. Pathfinder's website was one of the most-visited in 1997 — proved public appetite for Mars exploration.
44. 1997 — Sojourner Rover. July 4, 1997. Part of Mars Pathfinder. First successful planetary rover of the modern era. Microwave-sized, six wheels, 83 sols of operations. The point at which Mars exploration became a public-engagement phenomenon.
45. 1998-10-29 — STS-95 (Glenn at 77). October 29, 1998. John Glenn returned to space at age 77 — 36 years after his Friendship 7 orbit. Officially studied effects of spaceflight on the elderly; widely understood as a victory lap. Still the oldest person to reach orbit (until 2021).
46. 1998-11-20 — ISS (First Module). Zarya, the first ISS module, launched November 20, 1998. ISS has been continuously crewed since November 2000 — the longest continuous human presence in space. Russian-American partnership that survived the post-Soviet decades.
47. 2003-05-09 — Hayabusa (Itokawa). First mission to return a sample from an asteroid. JAXA. Touched down on asteroid Itokawa in 2005; returned to Earth 2010 with grains of dust. Hayabusa2 followed with a bigger sample from Ryugu (2020).
48. 2003 — Columbia Disaster. February 1, 2003. Space Shuttle Columbia broke up during reentry; seven crew killed. Foam strike during launch had damaged the wing's thermal tiles. Effectively ended the Shuttle program — it flew only 22 more missions before retirement.
49. 2004-03-02 — Rosetta / Philae (Comet Landing). November 12, 2014. The European Rosetta mission released the Philae lander onto Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko — the first soft landing on a comet. Philae bounced twice into shadow and lasted only 60 hours, but Rosetta orbited 67P for over two years.
50. 2004 — Cassini Saturn Orbit Insertion. July 1, 2004. The first spacecraft to enter Saturn orbit. The Saturn Orbit Insertion (SOI) burn lasted 96 minutes, threading through the F and G rings. Began 13 years of Saturn science.
51. 2004 — Cassini-Huygens. Cassini arrived Saturn 2004; Huygens probe landed on Titan January 2005 — the only landing on an outer-solar-system moon. Mission ended 2017 with a planned dive into Saturn's atmosphere.
52. 2005 — Huygens Lands on Titan. January 14, 2005. The European Huygens probe parachuted through Titan's atmosphere and landed on its surface — the only landing in the outer solar system. Returned 350+ images during 2.5-hour descent + 72 minutes on the surface.
53. 2006-01-19 — New Horizons (Pluto). Launched January 2006; flew past Pluto July 2015. Returned the first clear images of Pluto — heart-shaped Tombaugh Regio. Continued on to flyby of Kuiper Belt object Arrokoth in 2019.
54. 2007-08-04 — Phoenix Mars Lander. First mission to confirm water ice on Mars by direct observation — scraped frozen water out of the regolith near the Martian north pole.
55. 2007-09-27 — Dawn (Vesta + Ceres). September 2007. First spacecraft to orbit two extraterrestrial bodies — asteroid Vesta (2011-2012) then dwarf planet Ceres (2015-2018). Used ion propulsion; demonstrated that single-spacecraft multi-target missions were feasible.
56. 2009-03-07 — Kepler Space Telescope. Launched March 2009. Discovered 2,600+ confirmed exoplanets, proving most stars have planets. Showed that Earth-sized planets in habitable zones are common. Decommissioned 2018.
57. 2010-08-21 — Viking 1 (Mars Lander). First successful soft landing on Mars. Sent back the first photographs from the Martian surface. The biology experiments were inconclusive — debated to this day.
58. 2011-07-08 — STS-135 (Last Shuttle Flight). July 8-21, 2011. Atlantis, the final Space Shuttle mission. Crew of four (smallest ever). Ended 30 years of US Shuttle operations; began the 9-year gap before US crewed launch capability returned with Crew Dragon Demo-2.
59. 2011-08-05 — Juno at Jupiter. Arrived Jupiter July 4, 2016. Polar orbit; first probe to see Jupiter's poles. Solar-powered (no plutonium) at Jupiter distance — a first. Still operating in 2024.
60. 2011-11-26 — Curiosity Rover. Landed August 6, 2012, with the sky-crane manoeuvre — the most complex landing ever attempted. Car-sized; nuclear powered. Still operating in 2024. Confirmed ancient Mars had habitable environments.
61. 2012-10-08 — Dragon CRS-1 (First Commercial ISS). October 7, 2012. SpaceX Dragon's first contracted cargo delivery to the ISS — first commercial spacecraft to dock with the station. Inaugurated the post-Shuttle commercial-cargo era.
62. 2013-11-18 — MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere). November 18, 2013. NASA's mission to study why Mars lost its atmosphere. Determined the solar wind has been stripping ~100g/s for billions of years — Mars's lack of a magnetic field is why.
63. 2014-08-06 — Rosetta Comet Rendezvous. August 6, 2014. After a 10-year cruise, Rosetta became the first spacecraft to orbit a comet — 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Released the Philae lander three months later.
64. 2015 — Falcon 9 First Landing. December 21, 2015. First time an orbital-class rocket booster landed back on Earth intact. SpaceX. The pivot moment from expendable to reusable launch — the rocket-economics revolution.
65. 2016-09-08 — OSIRIS-REx Sample Return. September 24, 2023. Returned 121g of asteroid Bennu material to Earth — the largest extraterrestrial sample ever returned to Earth besides Moon rocks. First US asteroid sample return.
66. 2017-01-26 — Apollo 1 Fire. January 27, 1967. Gus Grissom, Ed White, Roger Chaffee killed in a launchpad fire during a test of the Apollo command module. Delayed Apollo by 20 months; the redesigned spacecraft was much safer.
67. 2018-04-25 — Hubble Space Telescope. Launched April 24, 1990. Discovered the mirror was flawed — out of focus for three years. Servicing Mission 1 (1993) fixed it. Still operating in 2024; has redefined cosmology four times over.
68. 2018-05-05 — InSight (Mars Seismology). First seismometer on Mars. Detected ~1,300 marsquakes over four years before dust accumulation killed its solar panels in 2022. Internal-structure data revolutionised Mars geology.
69. 2018 — Falcon Heavy / Starman. February 6, 2018. First flight of Falcon Heavy, then the most powerful operational rocket. Payload: Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster with a mannequin in a spacesuit, on a heliocentric orbit past Mars.
70. 2018-08-12 — Parker Solar Probe. August 12, 2018. First spacecraft to "touch" the Sun — flew through the Sun's corona in 2021. Will reach 6.16 million km (closer than any human-made object) by 2024 perihelion. Fastest-moving human-made object: ~635,000 km/h.
71. 2019-02-13 — Spirit & Opportunity Rovers. Designed for 90-day missions. Spirit lasted 6 years; Opportunity 14 years (until a 2018 dust storm). Found definitive evidence of past liquid water on Mars. The 2003-2004 generation that rewrote what Mars exploration could be.
72. 2019 — Chang'e 4 (Far Side). First soft landing on the far side of the Moon. Chinese mission. Used the Queqiao relay satellite for communications. Confirmed water-ice in shadowed craters at the South Pole-Aitken Basin.
73. 2020-04-13 — Apollo 13. Oxygen-tank explosion en route to the Moon. "Houston, we've had a problem." Mission Control improvised the safe return — using the lunar module as a lifeboat — over four days. The most-watched space disaster-that-wasn't in NASA history.
74. 2020-05-30 — Crew Dragon Demo-2. May 30, 2020. SpaceX Demo-2 — first crewed orbital flight by a private company. Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley to the ISS. First US crewed launch since the Shuttle retired in 2011.
75. 2020 — Chang'e 5 (Lunar Sample Return). November 23, 2020. China's Chang'e 5 returned 1.7 kg of lunar samples — the first lunar sample return since Luna 24 (1976). Made China the third country to return Moon rocks (after USSR and US).
76. 2020-07-23 — Tianwen-1 + Zhurong. July 23, 2020. China's first independent Mars mission — orbiter + lander + rover (Zhurong). Successfully landed May 2021, making China the second country to operate a Mars rover. Zhurong drove ~2 km before going dormant in 2022.
77. 2020-07-30 — Perseverance + Ingenuity. Landed February 18, 2021. Mars sample-caching rover. Carried the Ingenuity helicopter — first powered flight on another planet (72 flights before mast malfunction in 2024). The most sophisticated robotic mission yet sent to Mars.
78. 2020-07-30 — Ingenuity First Flight. April 19, 2021. NASA's Ingenuity helicopter made the first powered, controlled flight on another planet — 39 seconds, 3m altitude on Mars. Flew 72 missions over three years before mast damage ended its career in January 2024.
79. 2021-04-12 — Vostok 1 (Gagarin). First human in space. Yuri Gagarin, 27, in orbit for 108 minutes. Ejected from the capsule and parachuted down separately. Returned a worldwide hero; died in a 1968 jet crash.
80. 2021-04-29 — Tiangong (Chinese Space Station). November 2022. China's Tiangong space station completed assembly with the launch of the Mengtian lab module. Continuously crewed since June 2022. Smaller than the ISS but operationally independent; designed for ~10 years of service.
81. 2021-07-11 — Virgin Galactic Unity 22 (Branson). July 11, 2021. Richard Branson reached the edge of space on VSS Unity — 9 days before Bezos. The two billionaires raced to be the first private-space-tourism CEO to fly their own vehicle.
82. 2021-07-20 — Blue Origin NS-16 (Bezos). July 20, 2021. Jeff Bezos's first crewed flight of New Shepard — suborbital, 11 minutes. Marketed as "space tourism"; ignited the public debate about billionaire space spending vs Earth-based priorities.
83. 2021-09-16 — Inspiration4. September 2021. First all-civilian orbital spaceflight. Funded by Jared Isaacman. Three-day mission aboard a Crew Dragon, no NASA astronauts aboard. Raised $250M for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.
84. 2021-11-24 — DART (Asteroid Deflection). September 26, 2022. Deliberately crashed a 600kg spacecraft into asteroid Dimorphos at 22,000 km/h. Successfully changed its orbital period by 32 minutes — first practical test of planetary defence.
85. 2021-11-24 — DART Impact on Dimorphos. September 26, 2022. The DART spacecraft deliberately crashed into asteroid moonlet Dimorphos at 22,000 km/h. First demonstration of planetary defence kinetic-impactor technique. Changed Dimorphos's orbit by 32 minutes — far more than expected.
86. 2021-12-25 — James Webb Space Telescope. Launched Christmas Day 2021. $10B; 25 years in development. 6.5m mirror unfolded in a million-mile journey to L2. First science images released July 2022. The successor to Hubble.
87. 2021-12-25 — JWST First Images. July 11, 2022. The first images from JWST released by President Biden — the SMACS 0723 deep field, Carina Nebula, Stephan's Quintet, WASP-96b atmosphere, Southern Ring Nebula. The most-anticipated science release of the decade.
88. 2022 — SLS Maiden Launch. November 16, 2022. First flight of NASA's Space Launch System — the most powerful operational rocket at the time. Carried Artemis I (uncrewed Orion around the Moon). Decade-late and over-budget but successful on first launch attempt.
89. 2022-11-16 — Artemis I. November 16, 2022. First flight of NASA's SLS rocket and the uncrewed Orion capsule. Loop around the Moon as the precursor to Artemis II (crewed lunar flyby) and Artemis III (crewed lunar landing).
90. 2023-04-14 — JUICE (Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer). April 14, 2023. ESA's mission to Jupiter's three icy moons — Ganymede, Callisto, Europa. Arrives 2031; will become the first spacecraft to orbit a moon other than Earth's (Ganymede, 2034).
91. 2023-04-20 — Starship IFT-1. April 20, 2023. First integrated flight test of SpaceX's Starship — exploded four minutes after launch. Still the most powerful rocket ever to fly (Booster's 33 Raptor engines).
92. 2023-04-20 — Starship IFT-5 (Booster Catch). October 13, 2024. SpaceX caught the returning Super Heavy booster with the launch tower's "chopstick" arms — first time a booster has been recovered without legs. The most consequential reusability milestone since Falcon 9.
93. 2023-07-14 — Chandrayaan-3 (Lunar South). August 23, 2023. India's first successful lunar landing — and the first soft landing near the lunar south pole. Made India the fourth country to soft-land on the Moon (after USSR, USA, China).
94. 2023-09-06 — SLIM (Japan Lunar Landing). January 19, 2024. Japan's SLIM ("Moon Sniper") became the fifth country to soft-land on the Moon — and the first to demonstrate precision landing (within 55m of target). Landed on its side; surprisingly survived the lunar night.
95. 2023-10-13 — Psyche (Metal Asteroid). October 13, 2023. NASA mission to 16 Psyche — a metallic asteroid likely a remnant planetary core. Will arrive 2029 to study what the inside of a planet looks like. First spacecraft to use deep-space laser communications.
96. 2024-02-15 — Odysseus (First Commercial Moon Landing). February 22, 2024. Intuitive Machines' Nova-C "Odysseus" became the first commercial spacecraft and first US vehicle since Apollo 17 (1972) to soft-land on the Moon. Tipped over on landing; partially successful mission.
97. 2024-03-14 — Starship IFT-3. March 14, 2024. Third Starship integrated flight test. First Starship to reach orbital velocity and complete the planned suborbital trajectory. Lost on re-entry but proved Starship's thermal protection system held to hypersonic conditions.
98. 2024 — Chang'e 6 (Far-Side Sample Return). May 3, 2024. China returned the first lunar samples from the far side of the Moon — 1.9 kg from the South Pole-Aitken basin. Made China the only country to land on the Moon's far side, twice (after Chang'e 4).
99. 2024-09-10 — Polaris Dawn (First Private EVA). September 10-15, 2024. Jared Isaacman's second SpaceX flight. First private spacewalk in human history; first all-private crew to leave low Earth orbit since Apollo. Reached 1,400 km altitude — highest crewed flight since Apollo 17.
100. 2024-10-14 — Europa Clipper. October 14, 2024. NASA's mission to Jupiter's moon Europa — investigating its subsurface ocean for habitability. Largest spacecraft NASA has ever built for a planetary mission. Arrives Jupiter system 2030.
101. 2024-11-19 — Starship IFT-6. November 19, 2024. Sixth Starship integrated flight test. Successfully reignited a Raptor engine in orbital flight for the first time. Booster aborted catch attempt and landed safely in Gulf of Mexico.

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