Surgery

Cutting, from trepanation through the pre-anaesthetic era of speed, to the operating theatres that made it survivable. The instruments in this facet are the argument: they get finer as the century turns.

Part of Medicine

136 moments in this segment.

1. -5000 - Diorama showing trephination in Neolithic times, England, 19. Trephination involves cutting into the skull to remove a small area of bone. It is probably the oldest surgical procedure, thought to date from around 5000 BCE. Dated 5000 BC in the Commons record. Trepanation, cutting a hole in the skull, is among the oldest surgical procedures known, and many prehistoric skulls show bone regrowth around the opening, meaning the patient lived.
2. -3300 - Trepanned skull, found at Börnecke Schützenholz, c. 3300 BC. Exhibit in the Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum, Braunschweig, Germany. Dated 3300 BC, credited to Daderot. Trepanation, cutting a hole in the skull, is among the oldest surgical procedures known, and many prehistoric skulls show bone regrowth around the opening, meaning the patient lived.
3. -3300 - Trepanned skull, found at Börnecke Schützenholz, c. 3300 BC. Exhibit in the Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum, Braunschweig, Germany. Dated 3300 BC, credited to Daderot. Trepanation, cutting a hole in the skull, is among the oldest surgical procedures known, and many prehistoric skulls show bone regrowth around the opening, meaning the patient lived This copy is catalogued separately in the 3300 BC group.
4. -199 - Bronze scoop, Roman, 199 BCE-400 CE. It is thought that the roughened end of this scoop was used to feel around the bladder for stones. The removal of stones from the bladder is called lithotomy and it can be an incredibly painful process. Dated 199 BC in the Commons record. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered.
5. -199 - Thigh tourniquet, Roman, 199 BCE-500 CE. A tourniquet is used to control bleeding, especially during amputations. It is a device that is still in use today. Dated 199 BC in the Commons record. Before anaesthesia the whole design of an amputation set was built around speed, since the patient was awake and held down.
6. 0050 - Reduction of a dislocated mandible by a Greek surgeon.. The image records reduction of a dislocated mandible by a Greek surgeon, from the Commnetary with illustrations of Apollonius of Kitum (1st century B.C.) on Hippocrates, Ms. of 9th century. Dated 50 in the Commons record. Operating theatres were built for teaching as much as for operating, with tiers of students looking down.
7. 0150 - Bronze forceps BM GR1878.10-19.145-GR1814.7-4.969. Forceps romain with fine-toothed hollow jaws. Dated 150 in the Commons record. Dentistry's instruments record a trade that separated from barbering and surgery slowly, and its chairs were built for restraint as much as for comfort.
8. 0150 - KMM - Trepanation. Celtic Museum Manching ( Bavaria ). Skull with trepanation ( 2nd century BC ) from the east gate of the oppidum of Manching. Dated 150, credited to Wolfgang Sauber. Trepanation, cutting a hole in the skull, is among the oldest surgical procedures known, and many prehistoric skulls show bone regrowth around the opening, meaning the patient lived.
9. 0450 - Surgical tools, 5th century BC, Greece (reconstruction). The image records surgical tools, 5th century BC, Greece. Reconstruction based on descriptions within the Hippocratic corpus. Dated 450, credited to Gts-tg. Wound management, not heroic operating, is most of surgery's actual history.
10. 0750 - Skulls from Tel el Duweir. One of the group of 500 skulls from the late 8th Century deposit of human remains which filled the 18th dynasty chamber. Cleared spring 1936. Dated 750 in the Commons record. Military campaigns drove surgical innovation because they supplied injuries in volume.
11. 1490 - Thomas Vicary. An object held in the surgery material of the free record, catalogued on Wikimedia Commons. Dated 1490, credited to Unknown author Unknown author. Instrument handles were made in ivory, ebony and chequered wood for grip, and were later abandoned as unsterilisable.
12. 1525 - Peter Treveris - engraving of Trepanation for Handywarke of surgeri 1525. Engraving by Peter Treveris of a trepanation. From Heironymus von Braunschweig's Handywarke of surgeri. Dated 1525, credited to Peter Treveris. Specialist sets emerged as procedures standardised, and the case layout records that division of labour.
13. 1550 - Forceps for extracting arrowheads, 16th century.. The image records forceps for extracting arrowheads. Wellcome Images. Dated 1550 in the Commons record. Antisepsis and anaesthesia together changed what the inside of a body was to a surgeon.
14. 1550 - Speculum of the 16th century and mouth gags.. The image records speculum of the 16th century and mouth gags, 4 instruments. Wellcome Museum originals. Dated 1550 in the Commons record. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered.
15. 1560 - Hunting trousse, England, 1560-1580. The hunting trousse contains all the instruments needed by a hunter to dismember and prepare a deer. It includes a needle, saws, and knives with different shaped blades, including a skinning knife. Dated 1560 in the Commons record. Before anaesthesia and antisepsis, the surgeon's craft was speed, and the toolkit is designed around it.
16. 1610 - David Teniers II (1610-1690) (imitator of) - A Doctor tending a Patient's Foot in his Surgery -. A Doctor tending a Patient\ title QS:P1476,en:"A Doctor tending a Patient\ " label QS:Len,"A Doctor tending a Patient\ ". Dated 1610, credited to Follower of David Teniers the Younger. An instrument set records exactly which operations its owner expected to perform.
17. 1628 - Title page Pare Oeuvres 1628 AO AL. Title page of Les Oeuvres d'Ambroise Paré, Paris, 1628. Dated 1628, credited to Federica Viazzi (AO AL). Operating theatres were built for teaching as much as for operating, with tiers of students looking down.
18. 1635 - Schwabes Mageneröffnung (1635). Nachsorge des Knechts Andreas Grünheide, der ein Messer verschluckt hatte und von Daniel Schwabe in Königsberg i. der weltweit ersten Magenöffnung unterzogen worden war. Dated 1635, credited to Unknown author Unknown author. Surgical trades were long separate from physic, and the surgeon's standing rose with what anaesthesia let him attempt.
19. 1638 - Personifications of medicine, pharmacy and surgery. The image records personifications of medicine, pharmacy and surgery. Oil painting after (?) Nicolas de Larmessin II (1638-1694). Dated 1638, credited to After Nicolas de Larmessin. Before anaesthesia the whole design of an amputation set was built around speed, since the patient was awake and held down.
20. 1650 - Amputation saw, 16th, early 17th century.. An object held in the surgery material of the free record, catalogued on Wikimedia Commons. Dated 1650 in the Commons record. Before anaesthesia the whole design of an amputation set was built around speed, since the patient was awake and held down.
21. 1650 - Joseph malliard, cassetta chirurgica pro amputatione, 1650-1700 ca. (museo galileo, da s.m. La Bellezza Salvata (2016-2017 exhibition). Dated 1650, credited to Sailko. Before anaesthesia the whole design of an amputation set was built around speed, since the patient was awake and held down.
22. 1650 - Surgeon operating in the ward of a hospital.. The image records surgeon operating in the ward of a hospital. Dutch School, 17th century. Dated 1650 in the Commons record. Wound management, not heroic operating, is most of surgery's actual history.
23. 1666 - A woman aged 71 with breast cancer. Vignette showing a woman aged 71 with breast cancer. Extracted from another file, linked below. Dated 1666 in the Commons record. Military campaigns drove surgical innovation because they supplied injuries in volume.
24. 1695 - Female barber-surgeons attending to a patient. Caricature of female barber-surgeons attending to a patient. After an etching 1695. Dated 1695 in the Commons record. Instrument handles were made in ivory, ebony and chequered wood for grip, and were later abandoned as unsterilisable.
25. 1715 - Barber surgeon's chair, circa 1715, side view.. The image records barber surgeon's chair, side view. Wellcome Images. Dated 1715 in the Commons record. Specialist sets emerged as procedures standardised, and the case layout records that division of labour.
26. 1730 - Le Dran, Surgical instruments for lithotomy, 1730. An object held in the surgery material of the free record, catalogued on Wikimedia Commons. Dated 1730 in the Commons record. Antisepsis and anaesthesia together changed what the inside of a body was to a surgeon.
27. 1747 - Obstetrical forceps, Levrets no. I, 1747. The image records obstetrical forceps, Levrets no. I, Wellcome Images. Dated 1747 in the Commons record. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered.
28. 1750 - Case of Lithotomy Instruments, mid 18th century. The image records case of Lithotomy Instruments Wellcome Images. Dated 1750 in the Commons record. Before anaesthesia and antisepsis, the surgeon's craft was speed, and the toolkit is designed around it.
29. 1750 - 18th century surgical instrument case of Dr. Gillespie,. Surgical instrument case of Dr. Wellcome Images. Dated 1750 in the Commons record. An instrument set records exactly which operations its owner expected to perform.
30. 1750 - Amputation of breast with instruments. An object held in the surgery material of the free record, catalogued on Wikimedia Commons. Dated 1750 in the Commons record. Operating theatres were built for teaching as much as for operating, with tiers of students looking down.
31. 1750 - Alter Mann mit Tochter und Enkelkind beim Bader. The image records alter Mann mit Tochter und Enkelkind beim Bader, Aquarell auf Papier, 23 x 30 cm, deutsch/niederländisch, Ende 18. Dated 1750, credited to Unknown author Unknown author. Surgical trades were long separate from physic, and the surgeon's standing rose with what anaesthesia let him attempt.
32. 1771 - John Aitken, Essays on several important sub. Aitken, John, d. John Aitken, Essays on several important subjects in surgery.....; London: E and C Dilly, 1771. Dated 1771 in the Commons record. Wound management, not heroic operating, is most of surgery's actual history.
33. 1790 - J. L. Petit, Traite des maladies chirurgicales..., 1790. An object held in the surgery material of the free record, catalogued on Wikimedia Commons. Dated 1790 in the Commons record. Military campaigns drove surgical innovation because they supplied injuries in volume.
34. 1801 - Pocket surgical instrument set, cased, Barcelona, Spain. The image records pocket surgical instrument set, cased, Barcelona, Spain, 1801-1900 This fourteen-piece surgical instrument kit was small enough to be carried by the owner. The case is leather embossed and painted with gold detail and also has a side pocket, possibly for papers. Dated 1801 in the Commons record. Instrument handles were made in ivory, ebony and chequered wood for grip, and were later abandoned as unsterilisable.
35. 1806 - Trepanning instruments, c. 1806. An object held in the surgery material of the free record, catalogued on Wikimedia Commons. Dated 1806 in the Commons record. Specialist sets emerged as procedures standardised, and the case layout records that division of labour.
36. 1810 - Lithotomy instrument set, London, England, 1810-1850. All the necessary equipment to carry out lithotomy surgery , in which stones (hard masses) are cut from the bladder , is contained in this set. The kit contains six staffs used to cut stones, four uterine sounds for exploring internal cavities, a scoop to remove stones, forceps, two gorgets and three bistouries (which are cutting instruments), and four scalpels. Dated 1810 in the Commons record. Antisepsis and anaesthesia together changed what the inside of a body was to a surgeon.
37. 1829 - Cripps-type tongue écraseur, London, England, 1829-1856. A tongue écraseur is used to remove part of the tongue affected by diseases such as cancer in an attempt to prevent its spread. Although the procedure would have been painful, surgeons believed this was the quickest and most effective method of removing the tongue. Dated 1829 in the Commons record. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered.
38. 1840 - Resection of testicular tumour - illustration from Gekakihaizufu by Gendai Kamada, 1840. Illustration from Gekakihaizufu by Gendai Kamada, 1840, showing the resection of a testicular tumour under general anaesthesia. Dated 1840, credited to Gendai Kamada. Before anaesthesia and antisepsis, the surgeon's craft was speed, and the toolkit is designed around it.
39. 1850 - Electrolysis needles.. The image records electrolysis needles. From The uses of electrolysis in surgery / by Steavenson, W. Dated 1850 in the Commons record. An instrument set records exactly which operations its owner expected to perform.
40. 1850 - A surgeon treating a patient's foot and a barber shaving a m. The image records a surgeon treating a patient's foot and a barber shaving a man. Oil painting attributed to a German follower of David II Teniers, 18th or 19th century. Dated 1850 in the Commons record. Operating theatres were built for teaching as much as for operating, with tiers of students looking down.
41. 1855 - Notices sur les instruments et appareils de chirurgie 1855. Adres wydawniczy : Paris : [s.n.], 1855 (Paris : H. Plon) Opis fizyczny : [2], 98 s.; 25 cm. Dated 1855, credited to Jules Charrière. Surgical trades were long separate from physic, and the surgeon's standing rose with what anaesthesia let him attempt.
42. 1860 - Aveling's obstetrical traction forceps, 1860. The image records aveling's obstetrical traction forceps Wellcome Images. Dated 1860 in the Commons record. Wound management, not heroic operating, is most of surgery's actual history.
43. 1867 - Letter signed B. Haygood, Forsythe, Monroe County, Ga., to Mrs. Wharton, October 16, 1867. Regarding the death of John Wharton. Transcription : Forsyth Monroe County Ga October 16th 1867 Mrs. Dated 1867, credited to Haygood, B.. Military campaigns drove surgical innovation because they supplied injuries in volume.
44. 1877 - Diorama of Listerian Operation, by Ashenden. The image records diorama of Listerian Operation, performed in 1877 amidst a cloud of antiseptic vapour produced by a Lister Spray Wellcome Images. Dated 1877 in the Commons record. Joseph Lister treated the compound fracture of James Greenlees with carbolic acid on 12 August 1865 and published in the Lancet across 1867 and 1868, building his method on Pasteur's germ theory.
45. 1884 - Obstetrical forceps of McFerran, 1884. Obstetrical forceps of Corning, axis traction. General Collections. Dated 1884 in the Commons record. Instrument handles were made in ivory, ebony and chequered wood for grip, and were later abandoned as unsterilisable.
46. 1894 - Gigli-type surgical saw, Europe, 1894-1945. Leonardo Gigli (1863-1908) was an Italian surgeon who developed this surgical saw between 1894 and 1897. When in use, two holes were made in the area to be cut, for instance the skull. Dated 1894 in the Commons record. Specialist sets emerged as procedures standardised, and the case layout records that division of labour.
47. 1905 - La salle d'opération du Dr. Hingston v2. Hingston performing surgery at the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal, painting by Joseph-Charles Franchère, 1905. Dated 1905 in the Commons record. Antisepsis and anaesthesia together changed what the inside of a body was to a surgeon.
48. 1914 - Der Apparat zur Sterilisierung der Operationsinstrumente - CH-BAR - 3240236. The image records der Apparat zur Sterilisierung der Operationsinstrumente Darin: Sanitäter Zusätzliche Informationen: Verwaltungsgebäude der Schweiz. Kranken- und Hilfsanstalt Original: Negativ; Glasplatte; Silberbromid; 13x18cm Signatur: CH-BAR#E27#1000/721#14095#4265*. Dated 1914, credited to Unknown author Unknown author or not provided. Steam sterilisation under pressure replaced the antiseptic spray, moving the practice from killing germs in the wound to keeping them out of it.
49. 1914 - Mount Stuart Royal Naval Hospital, operation 1914-1919. The image records mount Stuart Royal Naval Hospital, Bute. Operated as a naval hospital during World War 1. Dated 1914 in the Commons record. Surgical gloves entered the operating room from the problem of the surgeon's own hands, which antiseptic solutions cracked and burned.
50. 1925 - Wooden statue showing a stomach operation, Cameroon, 1925-19. A surgeon is performing an operation on the stomach of his African patient while his assistant gives an anaesthetic through a face mask. Liquid drops of either ether or chloroform were dropped on the mask and the vapours inhaled. Dated 1925 in the Commons record. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 1925 example.
51. 1934 - A surgical operation. Oil painting by Reginald Brill,. The image records a surgical operation. Oil painting by Reginald Brill, 1934-1935. Dated 1934, credited to Reginald Brill. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 1934 example.
52. 1941 - Chirurgisches Feldbesteck aussen CCCP ca1941. Surgical Field Cutlery of the Soviet Army (about 1941). The inscription in Russian means "large field kit" or wound kit, i.e. Dated 1941, credited to Auge=mit. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 1941 example.
53. 1946 - Indian Long forceps with slide action locking device. The image records indian Long forceps with slide action locking device R151/1946, and a spring action forceps Wellcome Images. Dated 1946 in the Commons record. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 1946 example.
54. 1966 - Saudi Arabia Aka English Medical Teams In Saudi Arabia (1966). British Pathé presents Saudi Arabia Aka English Medical Teams In Saudi Arabia (1966), on material dated 1966. The value here is surgery as a procedure with a history of claims.
55. 1970 - Operating Theatre (1970-1979). British Pathé presents Operating Theatre (1970-1979), on material dated 1970. What it offers is the cut as a documented, repeatable act.
56. 1986 - Desinsertion du muscle CO. Strabismus surgery, medial rectus muscle being disinserted following pre-placement of vicryl sutures. A Castroviejo locking forceps is grasping the superior pole of the muscle, while a Manson-Aebli scissors does the cutting. Dated 1986, credited to en:User:Bticho. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 1986 example.
57. 2007 - US Navy 070118-N-3455P-001 Fleet Surgical Team 5 performs laparoscopic surgery aboard the amphi. Persian Gulf (Jan. 18, 2007) - Fleet Surgical Team 5 performs laparoscopic surgery aboard the amphibious assault ship USS Boxer (LHD 4). Dated 2007 in the Commons record. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 2007 example.
58. 2010 - Traction placement. Placement of distal femoral traction pin. Dated 2010, credited to Bobjgalindo. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 2010 example.
59. 2010 - GelPoint Applied. Single port from Applied for laparoscopic surgery. Dated 2010, credited to Halfalah. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 2010 example.
60. 2011-05-12 - How the da Vinci Surgical System Robot Works - Explanation & Demonstration - Christian Hospital. Christian Hospital documents How the da Vinci Surgical System Robot Works - Explanation & Demonstration - Christian Hospital, published in 2011. Its place in the archive is the instrument and the theatre before the wound.
61. 2012-05-16 - 200 Years, RCSI on St Stephen's Green. rcsieclarke records 200 Years, RCSI on St Stephen's Green, published in 2012. The value here is the operating room as a designed space.
62. 2012 - Surgical gloves1. An object held in the surgery material of the free record, catalogued on Wikimedia Commons. Dated 2012, credited to Saltanat ebli. Surgical gloves entered the operating room from the problem of the surgeon's own hands, which antiseptic solutions cracked and burned.
63. 2012 - Necas. An object held in the surgery material of the free record, catalogued on Wikimedia Commons. Dated 2012, credited to Hopgardener. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 2012 example.
64. 2012-08-14 - History of Cataract Surgery. UW School of Medicine and Public Health presents History of Cataract Surgery, published in 2012. This is surgery as a procedure with a history of claims.
65. 2013-01-03 - The Whipple Procedure | Johns Hopkins Medicine. Johns Hopkins Medicine sets out The Whipple Procedure, published in 2013. The record it provides is the operating room as a designed space.
66. 2013-01-11 - War Surgery, 1914-18. NationalArmyMuseumUK records War Surgery, 1914-18, on material dated 1914. Carried for the instrument and the theatre before the wound.
67. 2013-01-30 - Harvey Cushing: The Artist. University of Wisconsin Department of Surgery surveys Harvey Cushing: The Artist, published in 2013. William Harvey published De Motu Cordis in 1628, setting out the circulation of the blood. Held for surgery recorded for the next surgeon.
68. 2014-06-24 - William Stewart Halsted, Father of American Modern Surgery | Nicholas P. Rossi, M.D.. University of Iowa examines William Stewart Halsted, Father of American Modern Surgery, published in 2014. Filed as the cut as a documented, repeatable act.
69. 2014-08-01 - Infections - WW1 Uncut - BBC. BBC surveys Infections - WW1 Uncut - BBC, published in 2014. Kept as operative technique recorded for teaching.
70. 2014-08-21 - Innovations in Organ Transplantation Video - Brigham and Women's Hospital. Brigham And Women's Hospital traces Innovations in Organ Transplantation Video - Brigham and Women's Hospital, published in 2014. The value here is theatre, tray and the ordering of an operation.
71. 2014-08-25 - Intro to Peripheral Vascular Disease with Dr. Dwivedi. UofL Internal Medicine Lecture Series presents Intro to Peripheral Vascular Disease with Dr. Dwivedi, published in 2014. What it offers is surgery as a procedure with a history of claims.
72. 2014-10-08 - The Old Operating Theatre with Mark Pilkington | Medical London. Wellcome Collection documents The Old Operating Theatre with Mark Pilkington, published in 2014. Filed as the instrument and the theatre before the wound.
73. 2015-01-27 - The Kinetoscope. American Experience presents The Kinetoscope, published in 2015. This is the cut as a documented, repeatable act.
74. 2015-04-13 - Endangered specimens, endangered skills. The Royal College of Surgeons of England surveys Endangered specimens, endangered skills, published in 2015. This is operative technique recorded for teaching.
75. 2015-09-14 - RCSI / RAMI Surgical Section Valedictorian Lecture - 'RCSI & World War I' - Mr Joe Duignan. RCSI covers RCSI / RAMI Surgical Section Valedictorian Lecture - 'RCSI & World War I' - Mr Joe Duignan, published in 2015. Included as how operative skill was transmitted.
76. 2015-11-02 - The History of Amputation: Dr. Robert Liston – Anatomy, Dexterity, and Amputations. LaupusLibrary surveys The History of Amputation: Dr. Robert Liston – Anatomy, Dexterity, and Amputations, published in 2015. Filed as surgery recorded for the next surgeon.
77. 2016-05-16 - ‘To Surgeons and Beyond! RCSI, Rebels and the Republic’ - Meadhbh Murphy. RCSI examines ‘To Surgeons and Beyond! RCSI, Rebels and the Republic’ - Meadhbh Murphy, published in 2016. It sits in the archive as theatre, tray and the ordering of an operation.
78. 2016-05-16 - ‘Surgeons and Insurgents – RCSI and the Easter Rising’ - Dr Mary McAuliffe. RCSI covers ‘Surgeons and Insurgents – RCSI and the Easter Rising’ - Dr Mary McAuliffe, published in 2016. Held for how operative skill was transmitted.
79. 2016-05-28 - From Despair to Hope - Transplant Documentary. Amrita Hospital, Kochi sets out From Despair to Hope - Transplant Documentary, published in 2016. The record it provides is the cut as a documented, repeatable act.
80. 2016-08-23 - This Is Zion: One Year Later. The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia sets out This Is Zion: One Year Later, published in 2016. Kept as the operating room as a designed space.
81. 2016-08-24 - History of the UAB Cardiac Surgery Program. UAB Medicine covers History of the UAB Cardiac Surgery Program, published in 2016. Included as surgery recorded for the next surgeon.
82. 2017-02-17 - Mayo Clinic’s First Face Transplant: The Patient. Mayo Clinic sets out Mayo Clinic’s First Face Transplant: The Patient, published in 2017. It sits in the archive as the operating room as a designed space.
83. 2017-03-07 - Cooling babies to protect the brain - UCL Lunch Hour Lecture. UCL Lunch Hour Lectures sets out Cooling babies to protect the brain - UCL Lunch Hour Lecture, published in 2017. It sits in the archive as the cut as a documented, repeatable act.
84. 2017-04-13 - Icons in Surgery: Thomas E. Starzl, MD, FACS. American College of Surgeons records Icons in Surgery: Thomas E. Starzl, MD, FACS, published in 2017. Carried for operative technique recorded for teaching.
85. 2017-05-05 - Surgical History Group Presentation: Surgical Institutions. American College of Surgeons covers Surgical History Group Presentation: Surgical Institutions, published in 2017. Filed as how operative skill was transmitted.
86. 2017-05-28 - Gallbladder Removal. Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi traces Gallbladder Removal, published in 2017. It belongs here as theatre, tray and the ordering of an operation.
87. 2017 - Jackson-Pratt Emptying. A medical illustration depicting how to empty a Jackson-Pratt drain. Dated 2017, credited to BruceBlaus. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 2017 example.
88. 2017 - Trepanned skull from Næs Nationalmuseet. An object held in the surgery material of the free record, catalogued on Wikimedia Commons. Dated 2017, credited to Marie-Lan Nguyen. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 2017 example.
89. 2017-06-26 - History of Cardiac Surgery and Anesthesia - Dr. Hessel. University of Kentucky Department of Anesthesiology documents History of Cardiac Surgery and Anesthesia - Dr. Hessel, published in 2017. Included as surgery as a procedure with a history of claims.
90. 2018 - MacEwen's Curette with Cell Seeker. This is an OT instrument used by ENT surgeons during mastoidectomy. It contains two ends one of which is a spoon like curette used for removing diseased mastoid cells and the other end is a probe (sometimes it is a bent probe) which is used to check for cells. Dated 2018, credited to Malignant Cell. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 2018 example.
91. 2018-09-06 - Badass OSS Spy Heroine - Elizabeth McIntosh and Operation Black Mail. International Spy Museum examines Badass OSS Spy Heroine - Elizabeth McIntosh and Operation Black Mail, published in 2018. Carried for the cut as a documented, repeatable act.
92. 2019 - Appendectomy plus 4 days. This picture shows the belly of a 37-year-old woman, four days after her appendix was removed in a minimally invasive surgery. Dated 2019, credited to KAOSkonfused. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 2019 example.
93. 2019-10-31 - Your Percutaneous Cholecystostomy Drain. Cleveland Clinic surveys Your Percutaneous Cholecystostomy Drain, published in 2019. This is surgery recorded for the next surgeon.
94. 2019-11-05 - An Approach to Acute Abdominal Pain. Strong Medicine presents An Approach to Acute Abdominal Pain, published in 2019. Its place in the archive is surgery as a procedure with a history of claims.
95. 2019-11-20 - Faces from the Front | Lightning Lectures | Royal Society. The Royal Society traces Faces from the Front, published in 2019. Carried for how operative skill was transmitted.
96. 2020-02-10 - Heart Surgery: Standing on the shoulders of giants | David D'Alessandro | TEDxBeaconStreet. TEDx Talks examines Heart Surgery: Standing on the shoulders of giants, published in 2020. Held for theatre, tray and the ordering of an operation.
97. 2020-02-28 - Gallstones and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. University of Leicester Medical School documents Gallstones and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, published in 2020. It belongs here as the instrument and the theatre before the wound.
98. 2020-03-06 - The Anatomy of a C-Section. Institute of Human Anatomy examines The Anatomy of a C-Section, published in 2020. Held for the cut as a documented, repeatable act.
99. 2020 - Vuitton et al - International consensus on terminology - parasite200043-fig3. Figure 3 of the paper “AORC” nomenclature framework for CE surgery. (A) (top), Vocabulary and acronyms. Dated 2020 in the Commons record. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 2020 example.
100. 2020-06-26 - Neville Museum Artifact Stories: Amputations. Neville Public Museum documents Neville Museum Artifact Stories: Amputations, published in 2020. The record it provides is the instrument and the theatre before the wound.
101. 2020-10-18 - Side by Side Surgery - Amputation Through the Ages. National Museum of Civil War Medicine surveys Side by Side Surgery - Amputation Through the Ages, published in 2020. Held for operative technique recorded for teaching.
102. 2020-11-21 - Stories from Antietam Field Hospitals with John Banks. National Museum of Civil War Medicine presents Stories from Antietam Field Hospitals with John Banks, published in 2020. What it offers is the operating room as a designed space.
103. 2020-12-29 - Mass General Cardiothoracic Surgery Training. MassGeneralHospital surveys Mass General Cardiothoracic Surgery Training, published in 2020. Carried for surgery recorded for the next surgeon.
104. 2021-02-26 - Reframed: Joseph Lister and women in surgery. Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow surveys Reframed: Joseph Lister and women in surgery, published in 2021. Joseph Lister treated his first antiseptic case, the compound fracture of James Greenlees, on 12 August 1865 at Glasgow Royal Infirmary, and published in the Lancet across 1867 and 1868. Lister built his practice on Pasteur's germ theory, making him the hinge between the idea and the ward.
105. 2021-03-10 - Common Instruments for Orthopaedic Surgery. Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative sets out Common Instruments for Orthopaedic Surgery, published in 2021. Included as the operating room as a designed space.
106. 2021-06-16 - Amputations in the Civil War South with Dr. Brian Miller. National Museum of Civil War Medicine traces Amputations in the Civil War South with Dr. Brian Miller, published in 2021. Carried for the operating room as a designed space.
107. 2021-06-25 - Robotic Surgery - Real Time Experience - Dr.Ajit Pai. Apollo Speciality Hospitals Teynampet documents Robotic Surgery - Real Time Experience - Dr.Ajit Pai, published in 2021. Kept as the instrument and the theatre before the wound.
108. 2021-08-30 - What to Expect After CATARACT SURGERY. University of California Television records What to Expect After CATARACT SURGERY, published in 2021. The value here is operative technique recorded for teaching.
109. 2022-05-24 - How does heart transplant surgery work? - Roni Shanoada. TED presents How does heart transplant surgery work? - Roni Shanoada, published in 2022. Christiaan Barnard performed the first human heart transplant at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town on 3 December 1967, on Louis Washkansky. It belongs here as surgery as a procedure with a history of claims.
110. 2022 - HandScalpel. An object held in the surgery material of the free record, catalogued on Wikimedia Commons. Dated 2022, credited to PProdonoff. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 2022 example.
111. 2022-07-04 - Preparing for surgery: Fitter Better Sooner 2022. Royal College of Anaesthetists covers Preparing for surgery: Fitter Better Sooner 2022, published in 2022. It sits in the archive as how operative skill was transmitted.
112. 2022-07-12 - Vascular Surgery - Common Conditions. The Surgical Academy records Vascular Surgery - Common Conditions, published in 2022. It sits in the archive as operative technique recorded for teaching.
113. 2022-07-13 - Orthopaedic Surgery - Common Conditions. The Surgical Academy sets out Orthopaedic Surgery - Common Conditions, published in 2022. This is the operating room as a designed space.
114. 2022-07-23 - The Evolution of Medicine through Warfare launch lecture (explicit). Household Cavalry Museum sets out The Evolution of Medicine through Warfare launch lecture (explicit), published in 2022. It belongs here as the cut as a documented, repeatable act.
115. 2023-01-26 - Acute Appendicitis Simplified | Dr. Ranitha R | Docemy 💜. Docemy: Doctor's Academy traces Acute Appendicitis Simplified, published in 2023. What it offers is theatre, tray and the ordering of an operation.
116. 2023-02-16 - 98th Abraham Colles Lecture - Delivered by Dr Luc Morris. RCSI examines 98th Abraham Colles Lecture - Delivered by Dr Luc Morris, published in 2023. Carried for surgery as a procedure with a history of claims.
117. 2023-06-08 - What did people do before anesthesia? - Sally Frampton. TED documents What did people do before anesthesia? - Sally Frampton, published in 2023. Included as the instrument and the theatre before the wound.
118. 2023 - Pacific Partnership 2024-1- Laparoscopy donation to National Referral Hospital. Navy Sailors pose for a group photo with Russell Comeau, the U.S. Chargé d'Affaires to the Solomon Islands, and staff from the National Referral Hospital in Honiara, Solomon Islands, following the donation of a laparoscopy tower to the hospital during Pacific Partnership 2024-1 in Honiara, Solomon Islands, Dec. Dated 2023, credited to U.S. Navy photo by Seaman Justin Ontiveros. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 2023 example.
119. 2023-07-07 - Laparoscopic Total Extraperitoneal (TEP) Inguinal Hernia Repair Surgery - Explained. National University Hospital surveys Laparoscopic Total Extraperitoneal (TEP) Inguinal Hernia Repair Surgery - Explained, published in 2023. Its place in the archive is surgery recorded for the next surgeon.
120. 2023-11-12 - London's Grisliest Museum? A Guided Tour of The Hunterian Surgical Museum. The Museum Guide documents London's Grisliest Museum? A Guided Tour of The Hunterian Surgical Museum, published in 2023. The value here is the instrument and the theatre before the wound.
121. 2024-05-10 - The History of Orthopaedic Surgery - From Bone Setting to Modern Osteosynthesis. Orthopaedic Academy presents The History of Orthopaedic Surgery - From Bone Setting to Modern Osteosynthesis, published in 2024. It belongs here as how operative skill was transmitted.
122. 2024-05-17 - The History of Surgery in London's Museums - A Tour of The Old Operating Theatre & 4 others. The Museum Guide sets out The History of Surgery in London's Museums - A Tour of The Old Operating Theatre & 4 others, published in 2024. It belongs here as the operating room as a designed space.
123. 2024 - Suture scissors on gray. Suture scissors, the hook is to lift the suture to be cut. Dated 2024, credited to Pete unseth. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 2024 example.
124. 2024 - OBGYN surgeries key to humanitarian assistance during RS24. Air Force Lt. Halei Wong, 88th Surgical Operation Squadron obstetrics and gynecology flight commander, sanitizes before performing a laparoscopic bilateral salpingectomy in Iquitos, Peru, June 11, 2024. Dated 2024, credited to U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Zachary Nordheim. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 2024 example.
125. 2024 - USAF surgical team help inaugurate new operating rooms in Suriname. Surgeons and technicians conduct laparoscopic surgery inside a newly opened operating facility at Paramibo’s Academic Hospital in Suriname, Feb. This was the first time the Academic Hospital opened its advanced operating rooms for general surgery. Dated 2024, credited to U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. Rachel Maxwell. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 2024 example.
126. 2024-11-07 - How does kidney transplant surgery work? - Alexander H. Toledo. TED documents How does kidney transplant surgery work? - Alexander H. Toledo, published in 2024. Held for the instrument and the theatre before the wound.
127. 2024-11-14 - Celebrating 70 Years of Organ Transplants: Inspiring Stories of Legacy, Innovation, and Hope. WebsEdgeMedicine examines Celebrating 70 Years of Organ Transplants: Inspiring Stories of Legacy, Innovation, and Hope, published in 2024. Carried for theatre, tray and the ordering of an operation.
128. 2024-11-21 - Understanding and Treating Spinal Tumors. Johns Hopkins Medicine covers Understanding and Treating Spinal Tumors, published in 2024. Kept as how operative skill was transmitted.
129. 2025-01-14 - One of the most controversial medical procedures in history - Jenell Johnson. TED surveys One of the most controversial medical procedures in history - Jenell Johnson, published in 2025. Kept as surgery recorded for the next surgeon.
130. 2025 - LAMAT 25- U S Air Force collaborates for advanced laparoscopic surgery procedure. Sean Martin, general surgeon with the 349th Medical Squadron, partners with host nation medical practitioners to perform a laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure during the Lesser Antilles Medical Assistance Team (LAMAT) mission at Owen King European Union Hospital at Castries, Saint Lucia, Feb. Global Health Engagements like LAMAT build trust and confidence primarily between Department of. Dated 2025, credited to U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. Ryan Green. Surgical instruments were made by cutlers and jewellers, and the finish reflects the trade that made them rather than the wound they entered, as in this 2025 example.
131. 2025-08-04 - Corewell Health Richard DeVos Lung Transplant Program. WebsEdgeMedicine traces Corewell Health Richard DeVos Lung Transplant Program, published in 2025. What it offers is how operative skill was transmitted.
132. 2025-10-03 - Sushruta: Ancient India's Father of Plastic Surgery🚩🇮🇳. ​The Ancient India Archive sets out Sushruta: Ancient India's Father of Plastic Surgery🚩🇮🇳, published in 2025. The Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita are datable in their present form to the first centuries CE, and taught rhinoplasty, lithotomy, sutures and cataract surgery. The oldest manuscripts of the Sushruta Samhita omit the Dhanvantari frame and ascribe the teaching directly to King Divodāsa.
133. 2026-01-09 - The Strange History of Trepanation Survivors (people lived with holes in their skulls). The Dark History of Medicine presents The Strange History of Trepanation Survivors (people lived with holes in their skulls), published in 2026. Held for surgery as a procedure with a history of claims.
134. 2026-01-20 - Early Surgery: Agony, Speed, and the Birth of Modern Practice | Bodies, Systems, and Stories. Medicine & Meaning surveys Early Surgery: Agony, Speed, and the Birth of Modern Practice, published in 2026. The value here is surgery recorded for the next surgeon.
135. 2026-05-19 - Why study Dentistry at RCSI?. RCSI Student Life traces Why study Dentistry at RCSI?, published in 2026. Kept as theatre, tray and the ordering of an operation.
136. 2026-08-16 - The History of Trepanation — The Most Dangerous Surgery Ever Performed on the Skull. The Forgotten medicine documents The History of Trepanation , The Most Dangerous Surgery Ever Performed on the Skull, published in 2026. Its place in the archive is the operating room as a designed space.