Rock

A fort, then a military prison, then the federal penitentiary that held Capone. It closed in 1963 because it cost too much to run on an island. Then in November 1969 a group of Native American activists occupied it for nineteen months, citing an 1868 treaty, and turned the most famous prison in America into the most visible protest of the era. The Presidio, meanwhile, was an army post continuously from 1776 to 1994.

Part of San Francisco

85 moments in this segment.

  1. - Plano del nuevo Presidio de Sn.. 1776 por Dn. José Joaquin Moraga
  2. - The presidio and the strait of the Golden Gate. Victor Adam's lithograph after a drawing by Louis Choris shows the Spanish colonial fort with the entrance to the bay beyond. It was published in 1822 in Choris's Voyage pittoresque autour du monde and is held by the New York Public Library.
  3. - Restored print of the presidio and the Golden Gate strait. A digitally restored version of the Adam lithograph after Louis Choris, published in the Voyage pittoresque autour du monde. The underlying artwork appears to date from around 1817, when Choris travelled the Pacific as artist to a Russian expedition, and the restoration is a featured picture on Wikipedia.
  4. - Spanish presidio above the entrance to the bay. A lithograph by Victor Adam after a drawing by Louis Choris, made for the illustrated account of a round-the-world voyage and held by the New York Public Library. It shows the Spanish colonial garrison and the strait later named the Golden Gate, decades before American settlement.
  5. - The Spanish presidio looking out to the Golden Gate. A lithograph by Victor Adam after a drawing by Louis Choris, published in the atlas to Choris's Voyage pittoresque autour du monde. Choris made the original view during his visit around 1817, when the presidio was still a Spanish colonial garrison guarding the strait. The plate is held by the New York Public Library.
  6. - The Spanish presidio drawn by a visiting expedition artist. Louis Choris sketched the presidio during a visit in the autumn of 1816 and published the plate in his Voyage pittoresque autour du monde in Paris in 1822. It is among the earliest surviving images of the Spanish garrison at San Francisco. The New York Public Library holds this impression.
  7. - San Francisco Vigilante Committee lithograph. Contemporary lithograph depicting James Casey and Charles Cora being taken as prisoners of the San Francisco Vigilante Committee on May 18, 1856.
  8. - Troops marching out through the Presidio's Lombard Gate. Soldiers leave the Presidio of San Francisco bound for Manila during the mobilisation for the Spanish-American War. The post served as the staging ground for American forces shipping across the Pacific, and the Lombard Gate was the route out to the city.
  9. - Army blueprint of Fort McDowell on Angel Island. A War Department blueprint of Fort McDowell, the Army post on Angel Island in San Francisco Bay. The island served as a military reservation long before and alongside its use as an immigration station, and drawings like this one recorded its layout for the Corps. The sheet comes from the War Department Map Collection at the National Archives.
  10. - Panoramic view of troop movements at Camp Atascadero. A panoramic photograph of soldiers, officers and horses on the move at Camp Atascadero in California. The image was filed with the Presidio of San Francisco records held by the National Park Service, which supplied troops for such field encampments. The photographer is not recorded.
  11. - The Great White Fleet steaming in through the Golden Gate. A panoramic photograph by H. J. Knapp of the U.S. Navy's battleship fleet passing the strait on its round-the-world cruise. The painted-white squadron's arrival was a public spectacle, watched from the shoreline and the Presidio's headlands above the entrance to the bay.
  12. - Theodore Roosevelt's Great White Fleet steaming out to sea. The battleships of the Great White Fleet, sent around the world by President Theodore Roosevelt, are seen under way with their funnels smoking. The fleet's Pacific passage drew enormous crowds to the San Francisco headlands in 1908. The panoramic negative is part of the Presidio collection held in NPGallery.
  13. - Includes details of Reservation, U.
  14. - Looking across the Presidio military reservation. A wide view over the United States military reservation at the Presidio, photographed by R. J. Waters and Co. and published as a plate in John P. Young's two-volume history of San Francisco. The post occupied roughly 1,500 acres at the mouth of the Golden Gate and remained in Army hands until 1994. The book presented it as one of the city's defining institutions.
  15. - Panorama of the coastal batteries at Fort Barry. A panoramic photograph of Fort Barry, the Army post on the Marin headlands across the Golden Gate from the Presidio. Fort Barry was part of the ring of coast artillery works guarding the entrance to San Francisco Bay. The land is now within the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.
  16. - Contour map of the army post on Angel Island. A survey of the island installation later known as Fort McDowell, marking barracks and other post buildings, the cemetery, the reservoir and the surrounding ground. It was drawn by J. M. Hilton and is held in the War Department map collection at the National Archives.
  17. - Beta Theta Pi members posed at the Palace of Fine Arts. A panoramic group photograph of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity taken at the Palace of Fine Arts during the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. The fair filled the city's northern shoreline for most of the year and drew fraternal orders, trade bodies and reunion groups who came to be photographed against its buildings. The Palace of Fine Arts is the only major structure from the exposition still standing.
  18. - Fourth Company assembled outside the Presidio brick barracks. A panoramic photograph of the 4th Company drawn up in ranks in front of the brick barracks at the Presidio of San Francisco in 1917, the year the United States entered the First World War. The Presidio served as a mobilisation and training post for troops moving through the Pacific coast. The photographer is unidentified; the print is held in NPGallery.
  19. - Second California Field Artillery in camp at Camp Tanforan. A panoramic view of the 2nd California Field Artillery encamped at Camp Tanforan, south of San Francisco, in the year the United States entered the First World War. Tanforan's racetrack grounds were repeatedly turned over to military use over the following decades. The negative is part of the Presidio collection in NPGallery.
  20. - Company K of the 2nd California Infantry at Fort Mason. A panoramic photograph of the company drawn up at Fort Mason in 1917, with motor vehicles and the surrounding landscape visible in the frame. Fort Mason served as the army's embarkation point on San Francisco Bay, moving troops and supplies out to the Pacific. The photographer is unidentified; the print is held in NPGallery.
  21. - The bakers and cooks school regiment drawn up at the Presidio. A panoramic portrait of the bakers and cooks school regiment at the Presidio of San Francisco. Feeding a wartime army required its own trained trade, and the post ran schools to turn out bakers and cooks alongside its combat training. The photograph is held by NPGallery; the photographer is unrecorded.
  22. - Battery A of the 2nd California Field Artillery at Camp Tanforan. The battery assembled at Camp Tanforan on the San Francisco peninsula during the first year of American participation in the war. The photographer is unrecorded; the print comes from the National Park Service collection covering the Presidio of San Francisco.
  23. - Mounted Signal Corps troopers of Company B on parade indoors. A panoramic photograph of Company B, Signal Corps, arrayed on horseback inside a large unidentified building, with officers to the front. It comes from the Presidio of San Francisco collection held in NPGallery, made the year the United States entered the First World War. The Presidio was then the army's main mobilisation post on the Pacific coast.
  24. - Beta Theta Pi military reunion outside the Palace of Fine Arts. Members of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity gather in a wartime reunion in front of the Palace of Fine Arts, photographed in panoramic format. The Palace had been built for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition and was still standing as a landmark backdrop for large group portraits. From the National Park Service's Presidio collection.
  25. - Battery D of the 347th Field Artillery lined up with its dogs. A panoramic company portrait of Battery D, 347th Field Artillery, photographed at Camp Lewis in Washington State rather than in San Francisco, with officers and mascot dogs in the ranks. The regiment was one of the artillery units raised on the West Coast for the First World War. The plate reached the National Park Service through the Presidio's panoramic photograph collection, which is how it sits among the San Francisco material.
  26. - Student Army Training Corps company posed at the Presidio. A panoramic photograph of Company I of the Student Army Training Corps, a wartime programme that put college students through military instruction on Army posts. The Presidio of San Francisco hosted the unit in 1918, in the last months of the First World War.
  27. - Company D of the 25th Battalion assembled at the Presidio. A wide panoramic regimental portrait of Company D, 25th Battalion, lined up at the Presidio of San Francisco in the final year of the First World War. Panoramic cameras were standard for these unit photographs, which were sold back to the soldiers themselves. The negative is part of the National Park Service's Presidio records.
  28. - Review of the 67th Artillery at Fort Winfield Scott. The 67th Artillery stands for review at Fort Winfield Scott, the coast artillery post occupying the western edge of the Presidio above the Golden Gate. Its batteries were built to cover the entrance to the bay. The panoramic negative is held by the National Park Service.
  29. - The 40th Artillery drawn up at the Palace of Fine Arts. Men of the 40th Artillery formed up for a panoramic portrait in front of the Palace of Fine Arts. The colonnade and rotunda, left over from the 1915 exposition, gave the army a ready-made ceremonial setting a short distance from the Presidio. From the National Park Service's Presidio collection.
  30. - Provisional ROTC regiment assembled at the Palace of Fine Arts. A panoramic photograph of a provisional Reserve Officers' Training Corps regiment drawn up before the Palace of Fine Arts in 1918. Wartime officer training filled San Francisco's exposition grounds and the neighbouring Presidio. The plate is part of the NPGallery collection covering the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.
  31. - Student Army Training Corps regiment massed at the Palace of Fine Arts. A provisional regiment of the Student Army Training Corps stands in formation in front of the Palace of Fine Arts, the surviving hall of the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition. The corps trained college-age men for service in the closing year of the First World War. The print comes from the National Park Service's Presidio of San Francisco holdings.
  32. - Student Army Training Corps regiment massed before the Palace of Fine Arts. A provisional regiment of the Students' Army Training Corps drawn up in front of the Palace of Fine Arts for a panoramic group photograph. The corps put college students into uniform on their own campuses during the last year of the First World War. The negative is held in the National Park Service's Presidio holdings.
  33. - ROTC officers stand bareheaded for a panoramic portrait. A wide-format group photograph of Reserve Officers' Training Corps members at the Presidio of San Francisco in 1918, posed with their hats removed. The Presidio was used to train and process officers during the First World War. The image is held in NPGallery and the photographer is not recorded.
  34. - Panoramic portrait of ROTC officers at the Presidio. A wide-format group photograph of Reserve Officers' Training Corps men drawn up in ranks on the Presidio, all wearing their hats. Panoramic cameras were standard for military unit portraits of this size. From the National Park Service holdings for the post.
  35. - Provisional officer training corps assembled at the Presidio. A panoramic group portrait of the provisional reserve officer training corps at the Presidio of San Francisco, made during the American mobilization for the First World War. The Presidio was the Army's main West Coast post, and camps like this one turned civilians into commissioned officers in a matter of weeks. The plate is held by NPGallery, the National Park Service image archive; the photographer is unrecorded.
  36. - Field artillery battery drawn up at the Palace of Fine Arts. A panoramic photograph of Battery A, 144th Field Artillery, assembled in front of the Palace of Fine Arts in 1919. The Palace, built for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition, was kept on after the fair and used for gatherings like this one. The image comes from the Presidio collection in NPGallery.
  37. - The 144th Field Artillery drawn up at the Palace of Fine Arts. The unit is drawn up in panoramic format before the Palace of Fine Arts, the surviving structure of the 1915 exposition on the city's waterfront. The photographer is unrecorded. The print comes from the National Park Service collection covering the Presidio.
  38. - 44th Infantry supply company massed at the Palace of Fine Arts. A wide panoramic portrait of the unit drawn up in front of the colonnade and rotunda built for the 1915 exposition. The Palace survived the fair as a landmark on the edge of the Presidio, and the army used its grounds as a backdrop for company photographs.
  39. - Officers of the Presidio pose for a New Year's Day staff photograph. The full officer staff of the Presidio of San Francisco assembled for a panoramic group portrait on New Year's Day, 1919, weeks after the armistice. The post commanded a ring of coastal fortifications including Fort Mason, Fort Barry, Fort Miley and Alcatraz. The photograph is held in NPGallery.
  40. - An infantry rifle company outside the Presidio brick barracks. Company "I" of the 44th Infantry poses in front of the brick barracks at the Presidio of San Francisco. The panoramic format let a whole company be recorded in one exposure, and such portraits were a fixture of garrison life at the post. The negative is held in the National Park Service's Presidio collection.
  41. - The 44th Infantry drawn up before the Palace of Fine Arts. A panoramic regimental photograph of the 44th Infantry with its officers and horses, formed up in front of the Palace of Fine Arts. The Palace, built for the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition, stood beside the Presidio and was regularly used as a backdrop for unit portraits. The print comes from the National Park Service's Presidio collection.
  42. - Supply company of the 44th Infantry before the Presidio brick barracks. The supply company of the 44th Infantry stands for a panoramic portrait in front of the brick barracks at the Presidio of San Francisco. Company photographs of this kind were made regularly so that every soldier in a unit appeared in a single long frame. The negative is held in the National Park Service's Presidio collection.
  43. - Sf Crissy Legend 1921. Aerial view of Crissy Airfield located on Presidio Army Base, with building legends assigned by Michael Mortimer - San Francisco history buff - 2010.
  44. - Company of the 19th Infantry lined up at the Presidio. A panoramic group portrait of the regiment assembled in ranks, with the Presidio's brick barracks running behind them. The post was the U.S. Army's main Pacific Coast garrison, and wide-format company photographs like this were a standard record of a unit's stay there.
  45. - Panoramic photo of 91st Observation squad taken at Crissy field in 1921.
  46. - 32nd Machine Gun Company assembled at the Palace of Fine Arts. A wide panoramic exposure of the company's officers, men and horses drawn up in formation in front of the Palace of Fine Arts. The image belongs to the Presidio of San Francisco's collection of military panoramas, made when the post was still an active Army garrison.
  47. - The 91st Observation Squadron drawn up on Crissy Field. A panoramic view of the squadron on the Presidio's airfield beside the Golden Gate. Crissy Field was then an active Army air station, and the flat ground along the shoreline is now parkland within the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.
  48. - Coast Artillery Corps on review at Fort Winfield Scott. Troops of the Coast Artillery Corps stand in formation for a review at Fort Winfield Scott, the artillery post occupying the western edge of the Presidio of San Francisco. Fort Winfield Scott controlled the batteries guarding the entrance to the Golden Gate. The panoramic negative is held in the National Park Service's Presidio collection.
  49. - Headquarters company of the 32nd Infantry outside its brick barracks. A panoramic group portrait of the 32nd Infantry headquarters company, lined up in front of one of the Presidio's brick barracks blocks. The wide-format camera used here was standard for army unit photographs, which were sold to the soldiers themselves. The negative comes from the National Park Service's Presidio holdings; the photographer is unrecorded.
  50. - Panoramic portrait of an Army motor repair corps at the Presidio. A wide panoramic camera captures the Inspection Motor Repair Corps assembled with its vehicles at the Presidio of San Francisco. The post kept its own motor pool and repair units as the Army shifted from horses to trucks and cars after the First World War. The negative comes from the National Park Service's NPGallery collection of Presidio panoramas.
  51. - Prsf crissy arial 1921. Aerial View on Crissy Field, US Army Air Field, part of Presidio of San Francisco 1921–1923, row of white houses in the foreground are pilot quarters, then hangars and airfield with barracks, building at the bay is the coast guard station of 1890.
  52. - Prsf crissy 1921 24. Crissy Field, US Army Air Field, part of Presidio of San Francisco 1921-1924, De Havillands of the 15th Photo Section (left) and 91st Observation Squadron (middle) ready on the flight line by the hangars at the west end of Crissy Field
  53. - Supply company of the 30th Infantry with officers and horses. The supply company of the 30th Infantry lines up before a brick barracks at the Presidio of San Francisco, officers and horses included in the frame. The 30th was one of the regular Army regiments stationed at the post between the wars. The panoramic negative is held in the National Park Service's Presidio collection.
  54. - The 30th Infantry lined up before a brick building at the Presidio. A panoramic photograph of the 30th Infantry Regiment drawn up in front of a brick building on the Presidio grounds, with officers to the front and dogs among the ranks. The setting is associated with Letterman, the army hospital that stood on the post. The print is held by the National Park Service.
  55. - Quarter masters' corps at Fort McDowell, Cal.. 16/24. Celebrating 149 Anniversary of the Quartermaster Depot” taken by J.D. Givens. Keywords: Presidio; Golden Gate; Panoramic; Troop Photo; Regiments
  56. - Supply company of the 30th Infantry assembled at the Presidio. The 30th Infantry's supply company poses in panoramic format alongside a brick barracks building at the Presidio of San Francisco. The regiment was among the long-term garrison units stationed at the post between the wars. The photograph survives in the National Park Service collection without an attributed photographer.
  57. - Presidio, San Francisco.. 1933
  58. - Dodges Presidio 1935 - O.Drab MashUp - mmu get. 1934 Dodge 1½-ton, 4x4 Cargo Trucks from the 38th Infantry Service Company, 3rd Infantry Division (Marine), Camp Green, North Carolina, loaded with soldiers, gathered on parade ground, Presidio of San Francisco (CA), 1935.
  59. - Thomas Brothers street map of the Presidio army base. A commercial wall map by Geo. Thomas laying out the roads of the Presidio while it was still a working U.S. Army post. It records the base's internal street plan three decades before the site passed into civilian hands.
  60. - Wall map detail of the Presidio and northern waterfront. A section cut from a large Thomas Bros wall map of San Francisco, showing streets, transit lines and landmarks across the Presidio, Fort Mason, the Palace of Fine Arts and Fisherman's Wharf. Thomas Bros maps were the standard commercial street guides for California cities. The detail records the northern shoreline as it stood in the late 1930s.
  61. - Corporal Joan Mansfield at the Sixth Army photography laboratory. A Signal Corps picture of Mansfield working as a photography technician at the Sixth Army Central Photography Laboratory at the Presidio of San Francisco. She trained at the Army Photographic Laboratories at the Pentagon, and the caption presented her post as evidence of career openings for women in the service.
  62. - Post engineer's plan of the Presidio army base. A drawing produced by the Post Engineer at the Presidio of San Francisco in October 1961, laying out the roads and buildings of the army post. The sheet was copied for the Historic American Buildings Survey in documentation of Letterman General Hospital and the nurses' quarters at Girard Road and Lincoln Boulevard. The Presidio remained an active military installation until the 1990s.
  63. - Bell Rocket Belt in flight. A demonstration of the Bell Rocket Belt on October 26, 1962, at Presidio Army Base in San Francisco, California.
  64. - San Francisco from the Presidio of San Francisco.
  65. - Nob Hill seen east across the Presidio officers' houses. A colour view looking east from the Presidio toward the towers of Nob Hill, with army officers' housing in the foreground. The Presidio was founded by the Spanish army, passed to Mexico, and was taken over by the United States in 1847; it remained the country's longest continuously serving military post until it closed in 1994. The photograph was taken by Roger Wollstadt in May 1966.
  66. - Presidio 27 Sit-Down 14Oct1968 - Image 3. The Presidio 27 "mutiny" when 27 soldiers sat down to protest the murder of one of their own, mistreatment and the Vietnam War. Private Walter Pawlowski is reading their demands.
  67. - Presidio 27 Sit-Down 14Oct1968 - Image 2. The Presidio 27 "mutiny" when 27 soldiers sat down to protest the murder of one of their own, mistreatment and the Vietnam War. Private Walter Pawlowski is reading their demands.
  68. - Presidio 27 Sit-Down 14Oct1968 - Image 1. The Presidio 27 "mutiny" when 27 soldiers sat down to protest the murder of one of their own, mistreatment and the Vietnam War. Private Walter Pawlowski is reading their demands.
  69. - Presidio 27 Button. Button created by the supporters of the Presidio 27 soldiers who sat-down to protest their conditions and the Vietnam War
  70. - Free the Presidio 27 - April 5 1969 New York City Peach March.
  71. - 20th November 1969: Native Americans begin their occupation of Alcatraz. After the prison closed in March 1963 the federal government declared the island surplus federal property, leading the IOAT to demand that it be returned to Native Americans under the terms of the treaty. A number of previous attempts had been made, although the 19 month long Alcatraz Occupation was
  72. - Native American Occupation of Alcatraz Captured in Rare Footage | KQED A. #AlcatrazOccupation #AmericanIndianMovement Alcatraz is far more than a 22-acre island in San Francisco Bay, far more than the location of a former federal prison, and far more than a cursory tourist destination. Fifty years ago, it became a site of Native American activism that forever changed gove
  73. - The 1969 Occupation of Alcatraz Was a Catalyst for Indigenous Activism |. American Indian tribes have long used activism in their struggle for justice and the preservation of their lands and culture. Lesson plan for educators: Teachers, create your free Retro
  74. - The Native American Resistance on Alcatraz. More than 50 years ago, a group of indigenous Americans took control of Alcatraz, an island that belongs to the Ohlone people. That event, known as the Occupation of Alcatraz, was an inflection point for tribes in California and nationwide. In this clip, we explore that history from someone who was
  75. - The Takeover Of Alcatraz 1969 || Indians of All Tribes Documentary. In November of 1969, a group of Native American activists embarked on a bold and historic endeavor that would captivate the nation's attention: the takeover of Alcatraz Island. Led by a group named Indians of All Tribes and it's leaders: Richard Oakes, LaNada War Jack, than LaNada Means, John Trudel
  76. - The Occupation of Alcatraz Island. This video from the Center's KCRA news film collection shows footage of the occupation of Alcatraz Island by Native Americans, including interviews with Native people and government officials. The occupation occurred from November 20, 1969, through June 11, 1971, with 90 to 400 people staying on Alc
  77. - C-12A Huron US Army at the Presidio 1977. A U.S. Army Beechcraft C-12A Huron (s/n 74-22267) from the 6th U.S. Army sits in front of Hanger 5 at the Presidio of San Francisco, California (USA), in 1977. The 6th Army headquarters were at the Presidio.
  78. - Alcatraz - A Brief History. A brief history on Alcatraz, Is it possible for someone to swim from the rock to the shore of San Francisco? Denys Smith-Hart in a self funded expedition intends to swim from Alcatraz across the bay to San Francisco in aid of Donna's Dream House Charity in Blackpool. UK.
  79. - The Alcatraz Escape (2016). In 1962, bank robbers Frank Morris and Clarence and John Anglin launched a patchwork raft into the waters surrounding Alcatraz Prison. The men disappeared, leaving behind a cold case that has mystified law enforcement for over half a century. Now, three Dutch scientists have used 3D modelling techno
  80. - HISTORY OF | History of Alcatraz. Take a look at the intense history of how Alcatraz Island came to be, and the most famous criminals who called it home. Subscribe for more from HISTORY: For more exclusive HISTORY content: Website: Facebook:
  81. - The Fight to Save the Cable Cars | HISTORY. The Cable Cars of San Francisco are unique, there are no others like it in operation anywhere in the world today! But preserving them has been quite an uphill battle. Here now is their story from inception and construction in 1873, to the present day (2021). To get exclusive content and videos fea
  82. - San Francisco Cable Car. *This video received 2nd Place, Documentary for SCAN NATOA Awards 2023 and also was nominated in the California Emmy Awards 2023* Cable cars were invented by Andrew Smith Hallidie here in San Francisco in 1873. By 1947, the lower operational costs of buses prompted Mayor Roger Lapham to declare, "t
  83. - How They Work: SF's Cable Cars and PCC Cars. Experience the thrill of San Francisco's famous cable cars as we take you behind the scenes to uncover the secrets of these incredible historic marvels. How do they manage to tackle some of the steepest hills in any city without an engine? We'll show you! We also explore the PCC Streetcars, the mo
  84. - How they work - what's happening out of sight on the San Francisco Cable. Here's a more in-depth look at the workings of San Francisco's unique cable cars. What goes on below the slot - how does the cable stay in tension and how does the grip work? I've already looked at the history and taken a ride in this film This is a closer look at the
  85. - The Last Surviving Cousins Of The San Francisco Cable Car. Cable tramways - or in North America, cable cars - were once common in cities across the United States. But famously, San Francisco is the only American city that still operates them today. Less famously, the United Kingdom used to have cable tramways too. And one of them still survives! But why did
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