Medieval

Islamic conquests, Norman invasion, Crusades, Mongols, Hundred Years' War, Reconquista. The medieval centuries that produced the polities Europe would carry into modernity.

98 moments in this segment.

  1. - 6003 - Venezia - Arsenale - Scritta runica su leone greco (1040) - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 3-Aug-2007. Runic inscription on the shoulder of the lion standing at the left side of the monumental entrance of the Arsenale in Venice. It is an Ancient Greek sculpture, originally at the Piraeus in Athens, brought to Venice by Francesco Morosini, who conquered the Peloponnesus. The inscription was scratched in 1040 by Viking mercenaries, serving the Byzantine emperor, sent to Athens to crush a revolt against taxation..
  2. - 6003 - Venezia - Arsenale - Scritta runica su leone greco (1040) - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 3-Aug-2007. Runic inscription on the shoulder of the lion standing at the left side of the monumental entrance of the Arsenale in Venice. It is an Ancient Greek sculpture, originally at the Piraeus in Athens, brought to Venice by Francesco Morosini, who conquered the Peloponnesus. The inscription was scratched in 1040 by Viking mercenaries, serving the Byzantine emperor, sent to Athens to crush a revolt against taxation..
  3. - Early Muslim Conquests. In a hundred years the Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates take Persia, Egypt, North Africa, and Iberia. Stopped at Tours (732) and Constantinople. The largest territorial expansion in human history to that date.
  4. - Unidentified object with runic inscription. Cast copper-alloy and iron mount dating from the early medieval period, that is c. The artefact was found by metal detector and analysed by Prof Elisabeth Okasha on 19th January 2012 at Lancaster City Museum; Prof John Hines has also seen an image and has advised that the inscription should not be considered runic. Description (object): The mount is made of copper alloy and is attached to an iron object,.
  5. - Runestone with inscription, 11th century CE. Mariefred, Södermanland, Sweden. The inscription reads "Hälgulv (?) and Oulv they had this stone raised in memory of their brother Kätilmund, and built a bridge in memory of Soma, their mother. But Brune (?), her brother, carved [the runes]". This runestone lies near the Gripsholm Castle, Mariefred, Södermanland, Sweden. Södermanlands runinskrifter 178 (Södermanland's runic inscriptions 178). Gripsholm Kärnbo parish, Swedish National Heritage Board.
  6. - Norman Conquest of England. William the Conqueror defeats Harold at Hastings. The English aristocracy is replaced wholesale by Normans within a generation. The English language absorbs ~10,000 French words.
  7. - First Crusade. A Western European army marches 3,000 miles and takes Jerusalem. The Crusader states it founds will last almost 200 years before Saladin and his successors reclaim them.
  8. - Mongol Conquests. Genghis Khan and his successors build the largest contiguous land empire in history, from Korea to Poland. Population of Persia drops by an estimated 75%.
  9. - Tyre-AlBass-Hippodrome SaviorChurch-Graffiti RomanDeckert20112019. Crucifix graffiti made by pilgrims during the Crusader Period (12th to 13th century) on the walls of the ruined Savior Church in Tyre/Sour, now Lebanon. It was built in a place where Jesus supposedly sat down on a rock and had a meal. In the second century CE a large Roman Hippodrome was constructed in that location.
  10. - Plague graffiti from Ashwell church. Medieval graffiti carved in to the wall of the tower at Ashwell church in Hertfordshire, UK. The inscription records the arrival of the Black Death in the village in the middle of the fourteenth century, and a storm that took place over a decade later.
  11. - St Nicholas Compton medieval inscription (A). Inscription on the inner north jamb of the doorway leading to the chantry chapel on the south side of the Church of St Nicholas at Compton, Surrey. The inscription reads: "BR[u]de[n]f[or]de Sway[ne]" and "GilBRetus L eM[areschal]", and refers to the establishment of a chantry chapel for Henry de Guildford (died c. 1311) by: 1) John de Brideford, alias John Le Sweyn, who was executor for Henry; and 2) Gilbert le.
  12. - St Nicholas Compton medieval graffiti of knight (close up). Medieval graffiti showing a Norman knight with a conical helmet and a nose guard. On the south side of the chancel arch (by the pulpit) of the Church of St Nicholas, Compton, Surrey.
  13. - South Porch of Croydon Minster (Graffiti - 01). Graffiti etched around the northern door inside the medieval south porch of Croydon Minster. The style of the graffiti suggests that it may be a merchants' mark.
  14. - St Nicholas Compton medieval inscription (B). Inscription on the inner north jamb of the doorway leading to the chantry chapel on the south side of the Church of St Nicholas at Compton, Surrey. The inscription reads: "BR[u]de[n]f[or]de Sway[ne]" and "GilBRetus L eM[areschal]", and refers to the establishment of a chantry chapel for Henry de Guildford (died c. 1311) by: 1) John de Brideford, alias John Le Sweyn, who was executor for Henry; and 2) Gilbert le. One of several views of the same wall.
  15. - St Nicholas Compton medieval graffiti of interlocked circles (close up). Medieval graffiti showing five interlocking circles. On the south side of the chancel arch (by the pulpit) of the Church of St Nicholas, Compton, Surrey. Possibly intended as a marker for a consecration cross, but higher up as this is too low down. One of several views of the same wall.
  16. - St Nicholas Compton medieval inscription. Inscription on the inner north jamb of the doorway leading to the chantry chapel on the south side of the Church of St Nicholas at Compton, Surrey. The inscription reads: "BR[u]de[n]f[or]de Sway[ne]" and "GilBRetus L eM[areschal]", and refers to the establishment of a chantry chapel for Henry de Guildford (died c. 1311) by: 1) John de Brideford, alias John Le Sweyn, who was executor for Henry; and 2) Gilbert le. Another frame from the same location.
  17. - St Nicholas Compton medieval graffiti of interlocked circles. Medieval graffiti showing five interlocking circles. On the south side of the chancel arch (by the pulpit) of the Church of St Nicholas, Compton, Surrey. Possibly intended as a marker for a consecration cross, but higher up as this is too low down.
  18. - Hundred Years' War. England vs France over the French crown. Joan of Arc, Agincourt, the longbow. France emerges as a unified nation-state; England loses every Continental territory except Calais.
  19. - Fall of Constantinople. Mehmed II takes the Byzantine capital after a 53-day siege. The Roman Empire ends after 2,206 years. Greek scholars flee west, helping ignite the Italian Renaissance.
  20. - Reconquista - Fall of Granada. After 770 years, the last Muslim emirate on the Iberian peninsula falls to Ferdinand and Isabella. Spain is now Catholic and unified; Columbus sails the same year.
  21. - Italian Wars. France, Spain, the Papal States, the Holy Roman Empire, and various Italian city-states fight 65 years over Italy. Spain emerges dominant; the Italian Renaissance city-state model is finished as a political force.
  22. - Post Medieval silver gilded posy ring (inscription image x 2). Description: A Post Medieval silver gilt finger ring. The ring is D shaped in section with a flat inner side and rounded outer hoop. The inscription on the inner side reads 'EVER OR NEVER' all letters in Roman capitals. Gilding survives on the inner side with the outer face being silver in colour with a scratched surface. Discussion: A direct parallel in regards to the inscription has not been found on the PAS.
  23. - Graffiti around the West Door to the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton (02). Graffiti, some of it probably 18th-century, scratched around the doorway at the west end of the Church of Saint Martin in West Drayton. One of several views of the same wall.
  24. - Graffiti around the West Door to the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton (01). Graffiti, some of it probably 18th-century, scratched around the doorway at the west end of the Church of Saint Martin in West Drayton.
  25. - Rune stone, Össeby-Garn, Uppland, Sweden. Runestone (U 181) at Össeby-Garn church. The inscription says: "Åsgöt and Sven, Ingefast and Ingebjörn and the daughters...the stone in memory of Est, their father. And Öpir carved the runes." Runsten (U 181) vid Össeby-Garns kyrka. Ristningen säger: "Åsgöt och Sven, Ingefast och Ingebjörn och döttrarna...stenen efter Est, sin fader.
  26. - The Tower of London mysterious inscription to be solved. Scratched writing in a church or public building, running 1 min.
  27. - U 97, Collectaneum Monumentale Runicum. Record for now-lost runestone U 97 Rotebro from Sollentuna synod. Inscription was recorded as hulmfriþ * lit * kara * mirki * iftiR... om * kuihulfr * iftR * faþur * sin katil * iak * runaR * which translates in normalized English as "Holmfríðr had the landmark made in memory of... and Kvígulfr in memory of his father. Ketill cut the runes.".
  28. - Langrune-sur-Mer, Graffiti marin. Graffiti cut into the façade at a site in France recorded as it survives today.
  29. - Medieval Graffiti - a lost art of the Middle Ages. Marks left on a medieval surface, running 25 min.
  30. - The Norfolk Medieval Graffiti Survey - the first three years. Scratched writing in a church or public building, running 3 min.
  31. - Norfolk Medieval Graffiti Survey - the other things we find.... Marks left on a medieval surface, running 4 min.
  32. - 7 February 2014: SAL Public Lecture, Matthew Champion. Marks left on a medieval surface, running 1h 6m.
  33. - Salt Tower graffiti (2). Graffiti at a site in United Kingdom recorded as it survives today.
  34. - Cambridgeshire church plague graffiti reveals 'heartbreaking' find. Marks left on a medieval surface, running 2 min.
  35. - Delos graffito 50 oared ship. This graffito, perhaps represents a very large polyreme ship, as it shows 50 oars on one side. It was first copied by Capt. Carlini in the 1930s and is now preserved at the Delos Archaeological Museum where this picture was taken in 2015.
  36. - Runes on stone Killaloe. Ogham is an old Gaelic form of writing which is often found carved on standing stones. This example, discovered in 1916 and dating to about 1,000AD is unusual in that it also bears an inscription in Runes, a Scandinavian script. It may have been carved by a Viking who was converted to Christianity. The runes read: "Thorgrimr carved this cross and the Ogham: A blessing on Thorgrimr".
  37. - Stone with runes and ogham in Killaloe. Ogham is an old Gaelic form of writing which is often found carved on standing stones. This example, discovered in 1916 and dating to about 1,000AD is unusual in that it also bears an inscription in Runes, a Scandinavian script. It may have been carved by a Viking who was converted to Christianity. The runes read: "Thorgrimr carved this cross and the Ogham: A blessing on Thorgrimr". One of several views of the same wall.
  38. - Reclaiming the red-zone. Inscription from the medieval period, running 4 min.
  39. - Etch tag. Inscription from the medieval period, running 1 min.
  40. - New urban canvas for Taiwan's graffiti artists. Marks left on a medieval surface, running 1 min.
  41. - The Frösö rune stone, Jämtland, Sweden (29573495627). Runestone (Jä 1) near Östersundet sound between Frösö island and Östersund. "The Frösö rune stone" is the northernmost runestone in Sweden. The inscription says: "Östman, Gudfast's son, had this stone raised and this bridge built and he let Christianize Jämtland. Åsbjörn built the bridge. Tryn and Sten carved these runes". Watercoloured drawing by Lars Cedergren, from 1829. Runsten (Jä 1) nära Östersundet.
  42. - Runic boulder, Furby, Furubylund, Uppland, Sweden (29003694373). Runic inscription (U 829) on a boulder in Furby (Furuby), Furbylund (Furubylund). The inscription says: "Forkunn and Gunnar, they had this stone cut in memory of Anund, their father, Ödfrid's husbandman. Balle carved this stone".
  43. - Medieval Graffiti - Urbino Conference. Inscription from the medieval period, running 12 min.
  44. - 02 - Copies of Swedish runestones - Nachbildungen schwedischer Runensteine. Copies of the Swedish runestones from Skåäng, Släbro, Rök, Istaby and Skårby (left to right). Height of the runestones 9.5 (Istaby Runestone) to 15 centimetres (Rök Runestone). The rune stones are made of artificial stone. One of several views of the same wall.
  45. - 01 - Copies of Swedish runestones - Nachbildungen schwedischer Runensteine. Copies of the Swedish runestones from Skåäng, Släbro, Rök, Istaby and Skårby (left to right). Height of the runestones 9.5 (Istaby Runestone) to 15 centimetres (Rök Runestone). The rune stones are made of artificial stone.
  46. - Banksy Art vs Medieval Graffiti Artists at Hythe Kent. Scratched writing in a church or public building, running 2 min.
  47. - Graffiti Yellow Submarine DSCN3053. Graffiti at a site in Spain recorded as it survives today.
  48. - 1000 Year Old Carvings in a Medieval Church. Marks left on a medieval surface, running 11 min.
  49. - St Nicholas Compton graffiti in chantry chapel. Graffiti on the blocked up external door frame of the chantry chapel of the Church of St Nicholas at Compton, Surrey.
  50. - Victoria Grafitti Hand. An old jail graffiti, depicting a left hand, at a wall in the old prison of Victoria on Gozo.
  51. - Victoria Grafitti Ship. An old jail graffiti, depicting a sailing ship, at a wall in the old prison of Victoria on Gozo.
  52. - The Haunted Landscape: England’s Historic Graffiti - Voices Preserved in Stone (at Conway Hall). Inscription from the medieval period, running 33 min.
  53. - The Magic Medieval Symbols Used to Ward Off Demons. Scratched writing in a church or public building, running 4 min.
  54. - M. Champion - A Sea of Lost Words: the medieval graffiti inscriptions of England's medieval churches. Inscription from the medieval period, running 20 min.
  55. - A Sea of Lost Words: The Medieval Graffiti Inscriptions of England's Parish Churches. Scratched writing in a church or public building, running 20 min.
  56. - The Meaning Behind Witch Marks - Tisbury Tithe Barn | Messums Wiltshire Gallery 🇬🇧. Scratched writing in a church or public building, running 6 min.
  57. - Which Marks? Those marks... The case for Ritual Protection in Medieval Graffiti.. Scratched writing in a church or public building, running 38 min.
  58. - medieval graffiti: an emerging archive. Scratched writing in a church or public building, running 54 min.
  59. - Medieval ‘witches’ Markings’ Found in Ruins of a Church. Inscription from the medieval period, running 4 min. Kept by Jojo Discovery.
  60. - Sovetistilaj grafitioj sur la domo N 52 en strato Kotovskij (Tjumeno) 01. Graffiti at a site in Russia recorded as it survives today, showing sovetistilaj grafitioj sur la domo N en strato Kotovskij Tjumeno.
  61. - Apotropaic Marks or Witches’ Marks (Daisy Wheel), Berry Barn, Isle of Wight. Marks left on a medieval surface, running 13 min.
  62. - Medieval Graffiti - The marks of faith in religious buildings during the Middle Ages. Inscription from the medieval period, running 1h 9m.
  63. - Graffiti at the West End of the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton (11). Scratched graffiti, some of it potentially apotropaic, around the archway at the west end of the nave inside the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton. A further view of the same surface.
  64. - Graffiti at the West End of the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton (12). Scratched graffiti, some of it potentially apotropaic, around the archway at the west end of the nave inside the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton. A companion frame to the others from this site.
  65. - Graffiti at the South End of the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton (03). Scratched graffiti, some of it potentially apotropaic, on a column separating the south aisle from the nave inside the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton. One of several views of the same wall.
  66. - Graffiti at the West End of the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton (09). Scratched graffiti, some of it potentially apotropaic, around the archway at the west end of the nave inside the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton. One of several views of the same wall.
  67. - Graffiti at the West End of the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton (14). Scratched graffiti, some of it potentially apotropaic, around the archway at the west end of the nave inside the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton. A second pass across the same stretch of wall.
  68. - Graffiti at the South End of the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton (02). Scratched graffiti, some of it potentially apotropaic, on a column separating the south aisle from the nave inside the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton.
  69. - Graffiti at the West End of the Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Harlington (05). Scratched graffiti, some of it potentially apotropaic, at the west end of the Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Harlington, within the bell tower. A companion frame to the others from this site.
  70. - Graffiti at the West End of the Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Harlington (01). Scratched graffiti, some of it potentially apotropaic, at the west end of the Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Harlington, within the bell tower.
  71. - Graffiti at the West End of the Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Harlington (04). Scratched graffiti, some of it potentially apotropaic, at the west end of the Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Harlington, within the bell tower. A further view of the same surface.
  72. - Graffiti at the West End of the Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Harlington (02). Scratched graffiti, some of it potentially apotropaic, at the west end of the Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Harlington, within the bell tower. One of several views of the same wall.
  73. - Graffiti at the West End of the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton (13). Scratched graffiti, some of it potentially apotropaic, around the archway at the west end of the nave inside the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton. The same subject photographed from a different angle.
  74. - Graffiti at the West End of the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton (08). Scratched graffiti, some of it potentially apotropaic, around the archway at the west end of the nave inside the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton.
  75. - Graffiti at the West End of the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton (10). Scratched graffiti, some of it potentially apotropaic, around the archway at the west end of the nave inside the Church of Saint Martin, West Drayton. Another frame from the same location.
  76. - Graffiti at the West End of the Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Harlington (06). Scratched graffiti, some of it potentially apotropaic, at the west end of the Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Harlington, within the bell tower. The same subject photographed from a different angle.
  77. - Graffiti at the West End of the Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Harlington (03). Scratched graffiti, some of it potentially apotropaic, at the west end of the Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Harlington, within the bell tower. Another frame from the same location.
  78. - Rune-charm in Cotton MS Caligula A XV. Magical runic inscription found in the manuscript Cotton Caligula A XV with runic transliteration ( kurilsarþuarafarþunufuntinistuþuruigiþik ¶ þorsatrutiniurilsarþuarauiþraþrauari · ).
  79. - The Salt Tower & Prisoner's Carvings - The Peasants Revolt - Battlement Views - Executed Spy's.. Scratched writing in a church or public building, running 16 min.
  80. - Medieval Graffiti by Matthew Champion. Marks left on a medieval surface, running 1h 24m.
  81. - Stratford’s Spirits: Witch Marks and Conjure during the Lee Era. Scratched writing in a church or public building, running 1h 17m.
  82. - Medieval Graffiti in the "Demon Church" of Lincolnshire. Inscription from the medieval period, running 28 min.
  83. - Halloween special, Hew Draper, the notorious warlock who vanished from The Tower of London & history. Marks left on a medieval surface, running 10 min.
  84. - Runic Square Font. Runic characters in square unit aka Runic square font, Runes in rectangular cubes.
  85. - Wellclose Square Prison Cell, Prisoners carved names - dates - inscriptions into its walls. 18/11/22. Marks left on a medieval surface, running 8 min.
  86. - Exploring Medieval Graffiti in Goxhill Village Church England. Inscription from the medieval period, running 16 min.
  87. - Exploring Medieval Graffiti in All Saints Church Waltham. Scratched writing in a church or public building, running 17 min.
  88. - Horkstow Church Medieval Graffiti Hunting. Inscription from the medieval period, running 13 min. Kept by See Hear Speak No Evil.
  89. - Medieval Graffiti Hunting in Bonby Church. Scratched writing in a church or public building, running 13 min.
  90. - UNEXPECTED SWASTIKA AND OTHER MEDIEVAL GRAFFITI! BARTON - UPON - HUMBER ST MARYS CHURCH. Inscription from the medieval period, running 13 min.
  91. - Mediaeval Graffiti in St Leonard's Church, Flamstead. Scratched writing in a church or public building, running 4 min. Kept by Flamstead Heritage Project.
  92. - Mary Braithwaite, Prayers in stone? Medieval graffiti on Kilchattan Church, Isle of Luing. Inscription from the medieval period, running 45 min.
  93. - Gdansk mural Port Wrzeszcz 2. Gdańsk - a mural from the "Port Wrzeszcz" series.
  94. - Gdansk mural Port Wrzeszcz 3. Gdańsk - a mural from the "Port Wrzeszcz" series. One of several views of the same wall.
  95. - Out on a school day: Medieval Graffiti Tour Norwich Cathedral 2025. Inscription from the medieval period, running 8 min.
  96. - Expert Lecture - Matthew Champion - Medieval Graffiti: Flamstead’s Hidden History. Inscription from the medieval period, running 1h 19m.
  97. - Beauchamp Tower. Marks left on a medieval surface, running 5 min.
  98. - If You Were a Medieval Stonemason: How Much Could You Earn Building a Cathedral?. Inscription from the medieval period, running 26 min.
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