Sailing

Boats that go by wind, and what people did in them. A Polynesian double canoe navigated across the Pacific by star compass and swell with no instrument aboard, a Nova Scotian oyster sloop taken round the world alone between 1895 and 1898, a man who faked his position reports until his trimaran was found empty in the Atlantic, and a South African who won the Golden Globe Race in 2023 after stopping to pull a rival out of the southern Indian Ocean. Also the ordinary parts: masts and mainsails, the yard where a hull is planked, a dinghy going over in a gust, tea clippers, a sail-freight barge, and the Southern Ocean, which decides everything and where almost nobody has ever been able to take a photograph. The oldest thread here is still going: the canoes are sailing now.

A chronological documentary of 1,348 moments spanning 1642–2026 on Loreline.

Curated by Olivier · last updated 2026-09-20

1. 1642 - First European drawing of Maori canoes, 1642. Made by Isaack Gilsemans, artist on Abel Tasman's expedition, at what is now Golden Bay in New Zealand, during a violent encounter between the Dutch ships and Māori in December 1642. The key marks the ships Zeehaen and Heemskerck at left and right, and the canoes that came out to them. It is the first European image of Māori.
2. 1768 - New Zealand war canoe drawn on Cook's first voyage. A drawing titled New Zealand War Canoe from the British Museum's collection of work by A. Buchan, S. Parkinson and J. F. Miller, made in the countries visited on Cook's first voyage of 1768 to 1771. A white dog with dark spots sits at centre right.
3. 1768 - War canoe challenging Cook's ship. Titled New Zealand War Canoe bidding defiance to the Ship, from the British Museum's collection of drawings made on Cook's first voyage, 1768 to 1771. A man stands with both arms outstretched holding a mere, the short Māori club, and a white dog sits in the middle of the canoe.
4. 1770 - Tongan tongiaki seen by Tasman in 1643. A Tongan tongiaki with a bonito fishing canoe in the foreground, engraved after a drawing made during Abel Tasman's voyage of 1643 and reproduced by A. Dalrymple in 1770. The tongiaki was a large double canoe, and this is among the earliest European records of one.
5. 1817 - 'Justitia' (1807) RMG J3054. Photographed 2010. Plank on frame construction sets the frames first and then planks over them, and it is still the traditional yard method worldwide. The alternatives arrived in order: cold moulding in thin layers laid at differing angles, strip planking glued up, welded steel and aluminium, then glass reinforced plastic.
6. 1827 - Canoes of Tolaga and Bream Bays, engraved 1827. A hand-coloured plate by Edmond François Paris and Laurent showing canoes of Tolaga and Bream Bays in New Zealand, with plan and profile views, a triangular sail, a close study of the sail, and carvings from prows and sterns. It was published in the atlas to Dumont d'Urville's voyage of the corvette Astrolabe, 1826 to 1829.
7. 1830 - Early depiction of a Maori canoe from Tasman's journal. An engraving after one of the earliest European records of a Māori canoe, drawn on Abel Tasman's 1642 voyage. Tasman never landed in New Zealand and the drawings made from his ships are all that the expedition brought back of the vessels it met.
8. 1847 - Pierre Clément Marie Caussé - Bâteaux dans la tempête. Early 19th-century marine painting by Pierre Clément Marie Caussé depicting shipwrecks in a storm. Fifteen competitors died in that race and 21 people in total, the other six being crew of Bucks Fizz and Tempean rather than rescuers. Eighty six boats finished, 194 retired, 24 were abandoned and five were lost or believed sunk.
9. 1848 - 25 ft Yawl RMG J0802. Signed William Symonds [Surveyor of the Navy, 1832-1848]. lines & profile. A yawl carries a small mizzen abaft the rudder post, where a ketch's mizzen stands forward of it. The mizzen on a yawl is a balancing sail rather than a driving one.
10. 1848 - Passengers being rescued from the burning 'Ocean Monarch'.. Photographed 1848. Composite construction from 1863 put iron frames under wooden planking so a hull could be copper sheathed without galvanic corrosion between the two metals. That is the method by which Cutty Sark was built in 1869.
11. 1850 - The 'Streatham' and the opium clipper 'Red Rover' title. Photographed 1850. Composite construction, iron frames with wooden planking that allowed copper sheathing without galvanic corrosion, arrived in 1863, and by 1871 the tea clippers faced serious steam competition. Baltimore clippers came out of Chesapeake Bay before the Revolution and reached their zenith between 1795 and 1815, rarely exceeding 200 tons.
12. 1850 - Ariel with Josephine behind. the Ariel, a British Barkentine used for coastal trade, which was built in 1849 and was part of the Freeman Line, a well known English shipping company; and the Josephine, a British Brigantine, used for trans-oceanic voyages. Copper sheathing keeps worm and weed off a wooden bottom, and it is the reason composite construction was invented. A hull comes out of the water to be surveyed, recaulked, sheathed and painted.
13. 1850 - California Clipper 500. Photographed alongside in port, 1850. Composite construction, iron frames with wooden planking that allowed copper sheathing without galvanic corrosion, arrived in 1863, and by 1871 the tea clippers faced serious steam competition. Baltimore clippers came out of Chesapeake Bay before the Revolution and reached their zenith between 1795 and 1815, rarely exceeding 200 tons.
14. 1850 - California Clipper 500 (edited). Photographed alongside in port, 1850. A clipper is a mid nineteenth century merchant sailing vessel designed for speed: narrow, limited in cargo and carrying very large sail area. The boom ran from 1843 and was ended by the Panama Railroad in 1855 and the Suez Canal in 1869.
15. 1851 - Launch of the Yacht America. Print, wood engraving of the launch of the Yacht America from Brown's shipyard, New York City. ca 1851. A hull goes down the slipway once. Cutty Sark was launched on 22 November 1869 after Scott & Linton collapsed financially and William Denny and Brothers finished her; Vasa was launched in 1628 and sailed 1,300 metres.
16. 1851 - Flying Cloud, clipper ship by Donald McKay, 1851 - Addison Gallery of American Art - Phil. Ship model in the Addison Gallery of American Art - Phillips Academy Andover - Andover, Massachusetts, USA. Eleanor Creesy navigated Flying Cloud on both record runs and her husband Josiah Perkins Creesy was the captain. The 89 day 8 hour New York to San Francisco record stood until 1989.
17. 1852 - Schooner America Off New York by James E. Buttersworth. Photographed under sail, 1852. The schooner America was launched from William H. Brown's New York yard on 3 May 1851 for a syndicate led by Commodore John Cox Stevens, and designed by George Steers along the lines of the pilot boat Mary Taylor. On 22 August 1851 she raced fifteen Royal Yacht Squadron yachts round the Isle of Wight and won the RYS £100 Cup by eighteen minutes over a 53 mile course.
18. 1853 - Deal boat going out to a wreck. Small two-masted boat going out through high breaker to a ship lying on its side in the waves. Herzogin Cecilie went ashore in the English Channel off Devon in 1936 and was wrecked there. Pride of Baltimore capsized in a microburst squall north of Puerto Rico on 14 May 1986 and four people died.
19. 1853 - 14085-2 15 Cape Horn and Valparaiso. Photographed 1853. Pamir was the last commercial sailing ship to round it with a paying cargo, on 11 July 1949.
20. 1853 - Clipper ship card Bunker Hill. Davis, Commander, is now receiving the last of her cargo at Pier 10 East River. The A 1 Out-and-Out Clipper Ship Bunker Hill DATE:ca. 1853 [ 1 ] H: 4 in, W: 6 1/2 in. Clippers dominated the New York to San Francisco run from 1848 with the California Gold Rush.
21. 1853 - David Crockett (1853 clipper ship) sailing card. Sailing card for the clipper ship David Crockett. Composite construction, iron frames with wooden planking that allowed copper sheathing without galvanic corrosion, arrived in 1863, and by 1871 the tea clippers faced serious steam competition. Baltimore clippers came out of Chesapeake Bay before the Revolution and reached their zenith between 1795 and 1815, rarely exceeding 200 tons.
22. 1854 - The Merchant Brig Rimac In Two Positions Off Cape Horn, With Another Of Brocklebank's Bri. Photographed under sail, 1854. Pamir was the last commercial sailing ship to round it with a paying cargo, on 11 July 1949.
23. 1854 - Lightning (clipper, 1854). Clipper Ship „Lightning“ & Pilot vessel. Two sailing ships in rough seas. Composite construction from 1863 put iron frames under wooden planking so a hull could be copper sheathed without galvanic corrosion between the two metals. That is the method by which Cutty Sark was built in 1869.
24. 1856 - A Clipper ship in a hurricane. Photographed 1856. Composite construction, iron frames with wooden planking that allowed copper sheathing without galvanic corrosion, arrived in 1863, and by 1871 the tea clippers faced serious steam competition. Baltimore clippers came out of Chesapeake Bay before the Revolution and reached their zenith between 1795 and 1815, rarely exceeding 200 tons.
25. 1857 - Yacht America by John Hansen-IMG 5878. Photographed as preserved, 1857. Copper sheathing keeps worm and weed off a wooden bottom, and it is the reason composite construction was invented. A hull comes out of the water to be surveyed, recaulked, sheathed and painted.
26. 1857 - Nowrojee Jamsetjee Wadia, Parsi master shipbuilder RAS 01.007. Photographed as preserved, 1857. A hull is built on land and enters the water once, and it is the one moment in a ship life that a whole town turns out for. Vasa sailed about 1,300 metres from her launch before a gust heeled her far enough to force open gunports under water.
27. 1860 - Maori canoe prow from around 1860. A tauihu carved in wood and haliotis shell in New Zealand around 1860, now in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. The prow board is fitted to the front of a waka taua and its spirals are cut right through the timber.
28. 1860 - Carved detail of a Maori canoe prow. A second view of the same tauihu, made in Aotearoa around 1860 in wood and haliotis shell and held by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. The shell inlay marks the eyes of the carved figures.
29. 1860 - Jamsetjee Bomanjee Wadia (1756-1821) and Nourojee Jamsetjee Wadia (1774-1860), Shipbuilde. Photographed as preserved, 1860. A hull goes down the slipway once. Cutty Sark was launched on 22 November 1869 after Scott & Linton collapsed financially and William Denny and Brothers finished her; Vasa was launched in 1628 and sailed 1,300 metres.
30. 1860 - Maori canoe prow, wood and haliotis shell. A third view of the circa 1860 tauihu in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art collection. Prow boards were removed and stored ashore when a canoe was not in use, which is why so many survive without their hulls.
31. 1863 - Flying Cloud. This sketch shows the American clipper, Flying Cloud, flying the American flag at the rear. The Flying Cloud made several trips to Brisbane under the Black Ball Line, transporting immigrants. Flying Cloud was built in 1851 by Donald McKay and set the fastest New York to San Francisco passage within weeks of launching, then broke her own record at 89 days and 8 hours, a mark unbroken until 1989. Eleanor Creesy navigated on both record runs; her husband Josiah Perkins Creesy was the captain.
32. 1864 - The brig Vision , Capt. Donovan, on her voyage from New York to London, 1864. Photographed in detail on deck, 1864. A brig carries square sails on both of its two masts. It handles well but needs a large crew for its size, which is why the type largely disappeared from commercial work before the photographic era ended.
33. 1866 - The 'Ariel' & 'Taeping' Racing up the English Channel on 5 September during the Great Tea. Photographed under sail, 1866. The Great Tea Race of 1866 ended in joint victory over roughly 15,800 nautical miles in 99 days, an average of just over 6.6 knots. The names of the joint winning ships are not established in the sources used here.
34. 1868 - Portait of Full-Rigged Ship ‚BENGAL‘. The clipper ship Bengal was built in Liverpool in 1868. At 1838 gross tons, she was a fast and able vessel and is known to have sailed under several different house flags over the years. Her background includes service in both the tea trade and the lucrative smuggling of opium. The clipper boom ran from 1843 and was ended by the Panama Railroad in 1855 and the Suez Canal in 1869.
35. 1870 - Great international yacht race, August 8, 1870- from the club house, Staten Island, aroun. Photographed 1870. Boats racing boats is where the sport formalised, in seventeenth century Netherlands and then in England from a 1661 wager between two royal vessels from Greenwich to Gravesend and back, one at times steered by Charles II.
36. 1870 - The Sail/Steam Yacht Emily of the New York Yacht Club Observing a Stakes Race between the. Photographed under sail, 1870. The Water Club of Cork of 1720 is the earliest known yacht club, followed by the Royal Yacht Squadron in 1815 and the New York Yacht Club in 1844. Yacht comes from the Dutch jacht, a swift light vessel of war, commerce or pleasure.
37. 1871 - New York Yacht Club Race by James Edward Buttersworth, c. 1871, oil on canvas - New Brita. Photographed as preserved, 1871. The Water Club of Cork of 1720 is the earliest known yacht club, followed by the Royal Yacht Squadron in 1815 and the New York Yacht Club in 1844. Yacht comes from the Dutch jacht, a swift light vessel of war, commerce or pleasure.
38. 1872 - The tea clipper Thermopylae. 1872, photographed as preserved. Cutty Sark and Thermopylae both left Shanghai on 18 June 1872. Cutty Sark built a 400 nautical mile lead and then lost her rudder in a gale near the Sunda Strait; carpenter Henry Henderson built a replacement over six days.
39. 1872 - Thermopylae (bark). The bark „Thermopylae“ in full sail. 'the log of the cutty Sark' by Basil Lubbock includes this image and is captioned 'under canadian ensign'. Thermopylae arrived on 18 October and Cutty Sark a week later, on a 122 day passage. She lost the race having been the faster ship.
40. 1872 - Framed Print Of Clipper Thermopylae. artwork in Aberdeen Archives, Gallery & Museums Collection. Cutty Sark and Thermopylae both left Shanghai on 18 June 1872. Cutty Sark built a 400 nautical mile lead and then lost her rudder in a gale near the Sunda Strait; carpenter Henry Henderson built a replacement over six days.
41. 1872 - Thermopylae (ship, 1868). Photographed under sail, 1872. Thermopylae arrived on 18 October and Cutty Sark a week later, on a 122 day passage. She lost the race having been the faster ship.
42. 1872 - Thermopylae. The clipper „Thermopylae“ in a painting. Cutty Sark and Thermopylae both left Shanghai on 18 June 1872. Cutty Sark built a 400 nautical mile lead and then lost her rudder in a gale near the Sunda Strait; carpenter Henry Henderson built a replacement over six days.
43. 1875 - Schooner Idler with Schooner Dauntless Leading, by James Edward Buttersworth, c. 1875, oi. Exhibit in the Peabody Essex Museum - Salem, Massachusetts, USA. Composite construction from 1863 put iron frames under wooden planking so a hull could be copper sheathed without galvanic corrosion between the two metals. That is the method by which Cutty Sark was built in 1869.
44. 1875 - Sobraon 1875 SLNSW FL607736. Clipper ship Sobraon, Gravesend, England, ca. 1875, by F. C. Gould, mounted albumen print, State Library of New South Wales, MLMSS 7715/Box 1X/Item 2. Clippers dominated the New York to San Francisco run from 1848 with the California Gold Rush.
45. 1877 - Off Cape Horn. Photographed 1877. Cape Horn at the southern tip of South America is the gate of the clipper route and the mark the Vendée Globe keeps to port. Below forty degrees south there is no land to stop the swell, which is what makes the passage what it is.
46. 1879 - Bermuda rigged sloop at Convict Bay ca 1879. A Bermuda rigged sloop at Convict Bay, St. George's, Bermuda, circa 1879. The Bermuda rig originated in Bermuda in the seventeenth century, developing from fore and aft boats built by a Dutch-born Bermudian whose people had adapted Moorish lateen sails, stepping yard arms in thwarts which became raked masts. The English called the result leg-of-mutton sails.
47. 1880 - An Incident during the Search for H.M.S. Atalanta. Photographed alongside in port, 1880. The 1979 Fastnet storm brought 60 knots with little or no advance warning and fifty foot waves running in conflicting directions, with a pressure low of 979 hPa. The UK Meteorological Office recorded a maximum of Force 10 while competitors estimated Force 11, and both figures belong in the account.
48. 1880 - Old store Race St. Wharf, Phila. - William H. Rau, 1324 Chestnut St., Phila.. Photographed 1880. Sail lofts cut and seam cloth on a flat floor large enough to lay out a whole sail. The material changed from flax to cotton in the nineteenth century, to Dacron polyester, then to Kevlar from 1971 and Mylar laminates in the 1970s, but the loft floor did not.
49. 1880 - Maori poling a canoe through rapids, about 1880. An oil painting by John Philemon Backhouse, who lived from 1845 to 1908, showing a man poling his small canoe past a fern-covered cliff on the Waipa River. Backhouse wrote on the facing page about the difficulty of getting canoes upstream.
50. 1880 - Yacht Chiquita in a Race off Boston Light, by James Edward Buttersworth, c. 1880, oil on. Exhibit in the Peabody Essex Museum - Salem, Massachusetts, USA. Copper sheathing keeps worm and weed off a wooden bottom, and it is the reason composite construction was invented. A hull comes out of the water to be surveyed, recaulked, sheathed and painted.
51. 1881 - Deportatie van Napoleon naar Sint-Helena, 1815, RP-T-00-3852. Identificatie Titel(s): Deportatie van Napoleon naar Sint-Helena, 1815 De Lage Overtogt (titel op object) Objecttype: tekening. Fore and aft rigs run sloop, cutter, ketch, yawl and schooner; square and hybrid rigs run brig, brigantine, barque, barquentine and full rigged ship. The single distinction most often got wrong is ketch against yawl, decided by whether the mizzen stands forward of or abaft the rudder post.
52. 1881 - The Waikato River painted by Kennett Watkins. An oil painting of the Waikato River by the New Zealand artist Kennett Watkins, who lived from 1847 to 1933. The Waikato was the main canoe route into the interior of the North Island.
53. 1881 - Waterdichtmaken van de rompen van twee schepen Dertien scènes met schepen (serietitel), R. Photographed under sail, 1881. Carvel planking lays flush planks on frames and relies on caulking, oakum or cotton driven into the seams and payed, to keep the hull tight. It is the Mediterranean method and the one that made large wooden ships possible.
54. 1881 - Waterdichtmaken van de romp van een schip Dertien scènes met schepen (serietitel). Photographed 1881. Carvel planking lays flush planks on frames and relies on caulking, oakum or cotton driven into the seams and payed, to keep the hull tight. It is the Mediterranean method and the one that made large wooden ships possible.
55. 1882 - Scheepstimmerwerf. Identificatie Titel(s): Scheepstimmerwerf Objecttype: prent. Plank on frame construction sets the frames first and then planks over them, and it is still the traditional yard method worldwide. The alternatives arrived in order: cold moulding in thin layers laid at differing angles, strip planking glued up, welded steel and aluminium, then glass reinforced plastic.
56. 1884 - Reparaties aan de romp van een koopvaardijschip. Identificatie Titel(s): Reparaties aan de romp van een koopvaardijschip Objecttype: prent Serienummer: 12/12. Oakum or cotton is driven into the seam and payed over, and a hull that is not tight will not float. Carvel is the Mediterranean method and the one that made large wooden ships possible.
57. 1886 - Sloops Mayflower & Atlantic. The sloops Mayflower (Edward Burgess design, 1886) and Atlantic (Philip R. Ellsworth design, 1886), probably during the America's Cup defender selection trials. A sloop carries a mainsail and a single headsail on one mast, the commonest rig afloat. A cutter has the same single mast but multiple headsails, and was historically the rig of working boats and coastal freighters.
58. 1887 - Yachts Sachem & Puritan. Photographed out of the water, 1887. Puritan and Genesta contested the America's Cup in 1885, part of the long run of defences that reached 24 consecutive from 1870 to 1980. The 132 year figure often quoted describes trophy custody from 1851 to 1983, not an unbroken racing streak, because the Cup sat undefended between 1851 and 1870.
59. 1887 - Carved war canoe prow with feathers. An intricately carved nineteenth century Māori canoe prow decorated with feathers, illustrated in John White's The Ancient History of the Maori, published in Wellington between 1887 and 1891. Feathers were fixed to the prow board for ceremonial use and removed afterwards.
60. 1887 - Prow of the war canoe Tokiatapiri. An intricately carved nineteenth century prow from the Māori war canoe Tokiatapiri, illustrated in John White's The Ancient History of the Maori, published in Wellington between 1887 and 1891. White's six volumes plus a volume of illustrations were printed by the Government Printer and recorded carvings that in many cases no longer survive.
61. 1887 - Waterdichtmaken van de romp van een schip Dertien scènes met schepen (serietitel). Photographed 1887. Carvel planking lays flush planks on frames and relies on caulking, oakum or cotton driven into the seams and payed, to keep the hull tight. It is the Mediterranean method and the one that made large wooden ships possible.
62. 1887 - Stebbins-49-Stiletto & Now Then. Photographed under sail, 1887. Nathanael and John Brown Herreshoff founded their company at Bristol, Rhode Island in 1878, John running the business while blind and Nathanael the engineering. Every winning America's Cup yacht from 1893 to 1934 was built at the yard, and Nathanael designed five undefeated defenders.
63. 1888 - NYYC fleet in Newport-7. The New York Yacht Club's annual cruise in Newport Rhode Island on August 11th, 1888. The Puritan won the previous day's lap 6 minutes ahead of the Mayflower and 9 minutes ahead of the Volunteer, which is in the foreground of the picture. Volunteer won the America's Cup in 1887 carrying cotton sails. The sailcloth record shows cotton predominant on nineteenth century American yachts, though the widely told claim that America's flat cotton sails beat baggy British flax in 1851 is not supported by the sources used here.
64. 1888 - Sloops Agnes & Volunteer. The Agnes and General Charles Jackson Paine's sloop Volunteer (Edward Burgess design, 1887) in the Eastern Yacht Club's Annual Regatta, June 28th, 1887. Volunteer won the America's Cup in 1887 carrying cotton sails. The sailcloth record shows cotton predominant on nineteenth century American yachts, though the widely told claim that America's flat cotton sails beat baggy British flax in 1851 is not supported by the sources used here.
65. 1888 - Schooner Magic. Photographed out of the water, 1888. Handicap systems including IOR, IMS, IRC, ORC and PHRF rate length, sail area, displacement and hull shape so different boats can race one another. The Yacht Racing Association, founded in 1875, standardised the rules including the flying start still used today.
66. 1888 - Waterdichtmaken van de rompen van twee schepen Dertien scènes met schepen (serietitel), R. Photographed under sail, 1888. Oakum or cotton is driven into the seam and payed over, and a hull that is not tight will not float. Carvel is the Mediterranean method and the one that made large wooden ships possible.
67. 1888 - Waterdichtmaken van de romp van een schip Dertien scènes met schepen (serietitel). Photographed 1888. Oakum or cotton is driven into the seam and payed over, and a hull that is not tight will not float. Carvel is the Mediterranean method and the one that made large wooden ships possible.
68. 1888-08-10 - NYYC fleet in Newport-5. The Puritan won the previous day's lap 6 minutes ahead of the Mayflower and 9 minutes ahead of the Volunteer, which is at anchor in the left foreground of the picture. 1888-08-10: Yachts on their cruise. Volunteer won the America's Cup in 1887 carrying cotton sails. The sailcloth record shows cotton predominant on nineteenth century American yachts, though the widely told claim that America's flat cotton sails beat baggy British flax in 1851 is not supported by the sources used here.
69. 1889 - Yachts Verena, Chiquita & Minerva-2. Photographed under sail, 1889. Gaff rig sets a four sided fore and aft sail with a spar, the gaff, along its head. It was the standard small craft rig until triangular Bermuda sails displaced it, a change that had gone almost universal on small sailing craft by the 1900s and is visible in any before and after pair of yacht photographs.
70. 1889 - Het kalefateren van drie schepen, RP-T-1889-A-2123. Identificatie Titel(s): Het kalefateren van drie schepen Objecttype: tekening ontwerp. Composite construction from 1863 put iron frames under wooden planking so a hull could be copper sheathed without galvanic corrosion between the two metals. That is the method by which Cutty Sark was built in 1869.
71. 1890 - Yachts Gossoon & Minerva. George Caspar and Charles Francis Adams' sloop Gossoon (Edward Burgess design, 1890) racing Charles H. Tweed's cutter Minerva (William Fife design, 1890) in the second race of their head-to-head series. The Gossoon the champion. Gaff rig sets a four sided fore and aft sail with a spar, the gaff, along its head. It was the standard small craft rig until triangular Bermuda sails displaced it, a change that had gone almost universal on small sailing craft by the 1900s and is visible in any before and after pair of yacht photographs.
72. 1890 - Cowes, R. Y. S. club house, Isle of Wight, England. ; Print no. "11188". Cowes on the Isle of Wight is the home of the Royal Yacht Squadron, founded in 1815, and the water on which the schooner America won the £100 Cup in 1851. The regatta week held there is among the oldest continuously run in the sport.
73. 1890 - Sloops Priscilla, Puritan & Atlantic. Photographed under sail, 1890. Puritan and Genesta contested the America's Cup in 1885, part of the long run of defences that reached 24 consecutive from 1870 to 1980. The 132 year figure often quoted describes trophy custody from 1851 to 1983, not an unbroken racing streak, because the Cup sat undefended between 1851 and 1870.
74. 1890 - Barque Noel, Halifax Graving Yard, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1890. Photographed out of the water, 1890. Plank on frame construction sets the frames first and then planks over them, and it is still the traditional yard method worldwide. The alternatives arrived in order: cold moulding in thin layers laid at differing angles, strip planking glued up, welded steel and aluminium, then glass reinforced plastic.
75. 1891 - Skeppsbrott - Sjöhistoriska museet - O. Photographed 1891. Approximately 4,000 people were involved in the rescue during the 1979 Fastnet storm, and lifeboats spent 75 hours at sea in 60 knot winds. The Royal Navy alone recovered between 125 and 136 yachtsmen, the source giving a range rather than a figure.
76. 1891 - Yachts Gracie & Barbara. America's Cup 1881 to 1885 defence candidate Gracie (Abraham A. Schank, 1868) and 46-foot cutter Barbara (William Fife, 1891), pictures racing in the Ogden Goelet Cup. A sloop sets a mainsail and a single headsail; a cutter has the same one mast but multiple headsails, which divides the fore triangle into pieces a small crew can handle.
77. 1891 - Yachts Volunteer & Gracie-2. General Charles jackson Paine's schooner Volunteer (Edward Burgess design, 1887) fouls Joseph P. Earle's sloop Gracie (Abraham A. Schank design, 1868) in the Ogden Goelet Cup, August 7th, 1891. Volunteer leads the schooners, but may lose on a foul. A schooner carries two or more masts with the aftermost equal to or taller than the others, all fore and aft rigged. It is the rig of the yacht America, of the working coasters of both Atlantic seaboards, and of the fishing fleets that raced their catch to market.
78. 1891 - Yachts Volunteer & Gracie-1. General Charles jackson Paine's schooner Volunteer (Edward Burgess design, 1887) fouls Joseph P. Earle's sloop Gracie (Abraham A. Schank design, 1868) in the Ogden Goelet Cup, August 7th, 1891. Volunteer leads the schooners, but may lose on a foul. Volunteer won the America's Cup in 1887 carrying cotton sails. The sailcloth record shows cotton predominant on nineteenth century American yachts, though the widely told claim that America's flat cotton sails beat baggy British flax in 1851 is not supported by the sources used here.
79. 1891 - Sloop Mischief-2. She is pictured here in Morgan Cup on August 8th, 1891, which she won in her class. Yachts at Cottage City. A sloop carries a mainsail and a single headsail on one mast, the commonest rig afloat. A cutter has the same single mast but multiple headsails, and was historically the rig of working boats and coastal freighters.
80. 1892 - Yachts Quickstep & Gloriana. Frederick Grinnell's centerboard steel schooner Quickstep (Edward Burgess design, 1889) and Edwin Dennison Morgan's 46-foot sloop Gloriana (Nathanael Greene Herreshoff design, 1891). A schooner carries two or more masts with the aftermost equal to or taller than the others, all fore and aft rigged. It is the rig of the yacht America, of the working coasters of both Atlantic seaboards, and of the fishing fleets that raced their catch to market.
81. 1892 - Olivebank (ship, 1892). The four masted barque „Olivebank“ at anchor by Seychelle Islands and loading guano. The „Olivebank“ was built in 1892 in Glasgow and sank in 1939 after hitting a mine in the North Sea. She was named „Caledonia“ in 1922 and renamed „Olivebank“ in 1924. Pamir was the last commercial sailing ship to round Cape Horn with a paying cargo, on 11 July 1949, carrying Australian grain.
82. 1892 - Olivebank (ship, 1892). The four masted barque at wharf. The „Olivebank“ was also named Caledonia and was sunk in 1939. The Australian grain trade was the last profitable application of commercial sail, and in the 1939 grain race ten of the thirteen participants were Gustaf Erikson ships. His four masted barques ran 30,000 nautical mile voyages with fewer than 30 crew.
83. 1893 - Yachts Valkyrie II & Vigilant-01. The Valkyrie II lost every race. How the race was won. Valkyrie II and Valkyrie III were Lord Dunraven's British America's Cup challengers of 1893 and 1895, beaten by the Herreshoff defenders Vigilant and Defender. The Cup ran 24 consecutive successful defences from 1870 to 1980.
84. 1895 - Jsj-224-valkyrie iii. The Dunraven syndicate's cutter Valkyrie III in drydock in Brooklyn, NY in 1895. She was the British challenger for the America's Cup at the time. Valkyrie II and Valkyrie III were Lord Dunraven's British America's Cup challengers of 1893 and 1895, beaten by the Herreshoff defenders Vigilant and Defender. The Cup ran 24 consecutive successful defences from 1870 to 1980.
85. 1895 - Cutter Valkyrie III-2. the 90 footer Valkyrie III (George Lennox Watson, 1895) was the Lord Dunraven syndicate's challenger for the 1895 America's Cup. Valkyrie II and Valkyrie III were Lord Dunraven's British America's Cup challengers of 1893 and 1895, beaten by the Herreshoff defenders Vigilant and Defender. The Cup ran 24 consecutive successful defences from 1870 to 1980.
86. 1895 - Yacht Defender. The sloop Defender, which won the 1895 America's Cup challenge. Her skipper and designer, Nathanael Greene Herreshoff, is climbing aboard. Nathanael Herreshoff was known as Captain Nat, and ran the engineering side of the Bristol yard while his blind brother John Brown Herreshoff ran the business. The firm was founded in 1878 and its Herreshoff 12½, a 16 foot keelboat, is still built and raced today.
87. 1896 - Kapseizend zeilschip, BI-1896-3962-13. Photographed 1896. Capsizing is a normal event in a dinghy rather than an emergency, which is why the boats are built to be righted from the water by their own crew. It is where most sailors learn what a boat will and will not do.
88. 1897 - Yachts Wasp & Queen Mab. F. Lippitt's 46-footer Wasp (Nathanael Greene Herreshoff design, 1892) and Percy Chubb's 40-rater Queen Mab III (George Lennox Watson design, 1892). Gaff rig sets a four sided fore and aft sail with a spar, the gaff, along its head. It was the standard small craft rig until triangular Bermuda sails displaced it, a change that had gone almost universal on small sailing craft by the 1900s and is visible in any before and after pair of yacht photographs.
89. 1898 - Wrak van rivierclipper Stad Aalst. Photographed as preserved, 1898. A sailing vessel that goes ashore usually stays where it lands, which is why the wreck rather than the sinking is what the camera records. Most of the losses in this archive left no image of the event at all, only the hull afterwards.
90. 1899 - Joshua Slocum cph.3b46344. 1899, p. 680. Joshua Slocum left Boston on 24 April 1895, made his final North American departure from Sambro Island Light near Halifax on 3 July 1895, and returned to Newport, Rhode Island on 27 June 1898 having sailed more than 46,000 miles. He departed Vineyard Haven on 14 November 1909 bound for the West Indies and was never heard from again; he was declared legally dead in 1924.
91. 1899 - Jsj-750-Columbia Shamrock 1899. Yachts Columbia and Shamrock, the contestants in the 1899 America's Cup. Columbia defended the America's Cup twice, in 1899 and again in 1901, one of the five Herreshoff defenders that were never beaten. Every winning Cup yacht from 1893 to 1934 came out of the Bristol, Rhode Island yard.
92. 1899 - Cutter Shamrock I-14. the 1899 America's Cup challenger Shamrock crossing the finishing line. Sir Thomas Lipton mounted five America's Cup challenges, all with yachts named Shamrock, and lost every one. Reliance, the Herreshoff defender of 1903, beat Shamrock III in the third of them.
93. 1899 - Columbia & Shamrock I-1. the 90-footers Columbia and Shamrock in the 1899 America's Cup after the start, Oct. 19, '99. Columbia defended the America's Cup twice, in 1899 and again in 1901, one of the five Herreshoff defenders that were never beaten. Every winning Cup yacht from 1893 to 1934 came out of the Bristol, Rhode Island yard.
94. 1900 - Illustration from Sailing Alone Around the World. A plate from Joshua Slocum's own 1900 account of his voyage. Sailing Alone Around the World sold widely and is the reason the first singlehanded circumnavigation, completed in 1898, is documented at all: Slocum wrote it himself and it has never been out of print.
95. 1901 - With the X Fleet, a man overboard from H.M.S. Hannibal off the Scilly Islands. Photographed alongside in port, 1901. After the 1979 Fastnet the sources say only that many safety improvements followed, without specifying mechanisms, so no particular reform is named here. What is documented from a different lineage is that the IMOCA class requires every boat to pass a 90 or 180 degree self righting test, a rule added after early class incidents.
96. 1901 - Detroit Publishing - Shamrock II (Yacht). Photographed under sail, 1901. Every winning America's Cup yacht from 1893 to 1934 was built at the Herreshoff yard at Bristol, Rhode Island.
97. 1901 - 1901 America's Cup trials. Constitution, Columbia, and Independence, one minute after start, in the 1901 America's Cup defender selection trials. Columbia defended the America's Cup twice, in 1899 and again in 1901, one of the five Herreshoff defenders that were never beaten. Every winning Cup yacht from 1893 to 1934 came out of the Bristol, Rhode Island yard.
98. 1901 - Shamrock II & Columbia. the Shamrock II & Columbia in the 1901 America's Cup just after the start, Oct. 1, 1901. Columbia defended the America's Cup twice, in 1899 and again in 1901, one of the five Herreshoff defenders that were never beaten. Every winning Cup yacht from 1893 to 1934 came out of the Bristol, Rhode Island yard.
99. 1901 - Sloop Constitution-1. the 90 footer Constitution (Nathanael Greene Herreshoff, 1901) was the August Belmont syndicate's candidate for the 1901 America's Cup defence. Nathanael Herreshoff was known as Captain Nat, and ran the engineering side of the Bristol yard while his blind brother John Brown Herreshoff ran the business. The firm was founded in 1878 and its Herreshoff 12½, a 16 foot keelboat, is still built and raced today.
100. 1901 - Sloop Independence-2. the 90 footer sloop Independence (Bowdoin B. Crowninshield, 1901) was Thomas W. Lawson's candidate for the 1901 America's Cup defence. Independence and Constitution were built as candidates for the 1901 America's Cup defence, which Columbia won for the second time. The Cup itself was deeded to the New York Yacht Club in 1857 as a perpetual challenge cup for friendly competition between foreign countries.
101. 1901 - Another Case Where the Constitution Will Not Follow the Flag. Uncle Sam and John Bull compete in the International Yacht Race. Uncle Sam's Constitution is pulling ahead of Bull's Shamrock. The United States had beaten Britain in the America's Cup yacht race that year. Boats racing boats is where the sport formalised, in seventeenth century Netherlands and then in England from a 1661 wager between two royal vessels from Greenwich to Gravesend and back, one at times steered by Charles II.
102. 1901 - America's Cup, the Independence, 1901. Photographed under sail, 1901. Boats racing boats is where the sport formalised, in seventeenth century Netherlands and then in England from a 1661 wager between two royal vessels from Greenwich to Gravesend and back, one at times steered by Charles II.
103. 1901 - America's Cup, schooners race, 1901. , showing racing yachts during the America's Cup Race, ca. 1901. [PD] This picture is in the public domain. Boats racing boats is where the sport formalised, in seventeenth century Netherlands and then in England from a 1661 wager between two royal vessels from Greenwich to Gravesend and back, one at times steered by Charles II.
104. 1903 - SMS ELBE in ostasiatischen Gewässern um 1861 Gemälde von Lüder Arenhold 1903. Photographed 1903. A clipper is a mid nineteenth century merchant sailing vessel designed for speed: narrow, limited in cargo and carrying very large sail area. The boom ran from 1843 and was ended by the Panama Railroad in 1855 and the Suez Canal in 1869.
105. 1903 - Shamrock III in Drydock.1. The America's Cup challenger Shamrock III in drydock at Erie Basin before the races. The dry dock is where a preserved sailing ship spends its long life: Cutty Sark went into a purpose built dry dock at Greenwich in 1954 and opened there as a museum. Hulls come out of the water to be surveyed, recaulked, sheathed and painted.
106. 1903 - Shamrock III in Drydock.2. The America's Cup challenger Shamrock III in drydock at Erie Basin before the races. The dock is pumped out and the hull sits on blocks, which is the only way to work on the parts of a ship that are normally under water. Vasa was raised on 24 April 1961 after 333 years and has been in conservation ever since.
107. 1903 - Yacht Reliance in Drydock. the 1903 America's Cup defender Reliance in drydock at Erie Basin, Brooklyn, NY in 1903. The dock is pumped out and the hull sits on blocks, which is the only way to work on the parts of a ship that are normally under water. Vasa was raised on 24 April 1961 after 333 years and has been in conservation ever since.
108. 1903 - Yacht Reliance in Drydock-1. the 1903 America's Cup defender Reliance in the Erie Basin drydock, Brooklyn, on August 17th, 1903. The dry dock is where a preserved sailing ship spends its long life: Cutty Sark went into a purpose built dry dock at Greenwich in 1954 and opened there as a museum. Hulls come out of the water to be surveyed, recaulked, sheathed and painted.
109. 1903 - Reliance & Shamrock III at Starting Line. Reliance (right) and Shamrock III (left) at starting line in the 1903 America's Cup, first day of racing, in 15 knots of wind. Reliance would win by 7 minutes and 9 seconds corrected time. Sir Thomas Lipton mounted five America's Cup challenges, all with yachts named Shamrock, and lost every one. Reliance, the Herreshoff defender of 1903, beat Shamrock III in the third of them.
110. 1903 - Crew handling rigging on the yacht Reliance, winner of 1903 America's Cup. Photographed in detail on deck, 1903. Reliance was Nathanael Herreshoff's 1903 America's Cup defender and the last and largest of his five undefeated designs. She beat Sir Thomas Lipton's Shamrock III, the third of his five losing challenges.
111. 1903 - Shamrock III in Drydock. Photographed out of the water, 1903. Sir Thomas Lipton mounted five America's Cup challenges, all with yachts named Shamrock, and lost every one. Reliance, the Herreshoff defender of 1903, beat Shamrock III in the third of them.
112. 1903 - President and Mrs. Roosevelt and guests - noted officers and yachtsmen, at Naval review. Photographed in detail on deck, 1903. Every winning America's Cup yacht from 1893 to 1934 was built at the Herreshoff yard at Bristol, Rhode Island.
113. 1903 - Reliance & Shamrock III. Photographed under sail, 1903. Every winning America's Cup yacht from 1893 to 1934 was built at the Herreshoff yard at Bristol, Rhode Island.
114. 1903 - Reliance & Shamrock III-1. 1903, photographed under sail. Sir Thomas Lipton mounted five America's Cup challenges, all with yachts named Shamrock, and lost every one. Reliance, the Herreshoff defender of 1903, beat Shamrock III in the third of them.
115. 1903 - Reliance & Shamrock III-2. the Reliance and Shamrock III nearing finish in the America's Cup, August 25th, 1903. Every winning America's Cup yacht from 1893 to 1934 was built at the Herreshoff yard at Bristol, Rhode Island.
116. 1904 - Schepen in een onweersbui op zee. Identificatie Titel(s): Schepen in een onweersbui op zee Shipping (titel op object) Zeegezichten (serietitel) Objecttype: prent. The 1979 Fastnet storm brought 60 knots with little or no advance warning and fifty foot waves running in conflicting directions, with a pressure low of 979 hPa. The UK Meteorological Office recorded a maximum of Force 10 while competitors estimated Force 11, and both figures belong in the account.
117. 1904 - Moshulu (ship, 1904). Four masted barque at wharf. The Moshulu was originally named Kurt, named Dreadnought in 1917 and Moshulu in 1917. It was once owned by the Walt Disney Company and is now a restaurant in Philadelphia. Gustaf Erikson bought Moshulu in 1935 for $12,000 for the Australian grain trade, the last profitable application of commercial sail.
118. 1904 - Moshulu (ship, 1904). The barque Moshulu in full square rigg sails. Gustaf Erikson bought Moshulu in 1935 for $12,000 for the Australian grain trade, the last profitable application of commercial sail.
119. 1904 - Moshulu (ship, 1904). The four masted barque „Moshulu“ on the Pier in Portland (Australia). Gustaf Erikson bought Moshulu in 1935 for $12,000 for the Australian grain trade, the last profitable application of commercial sail.
120. 1904-09 - Wreck of Adolphe 30 September 1904. You can also see the mast of the shipwreck Regent Murray in this photo. From the University of Newcastle Library's Cultural Collections. A sailing vessel that goes ashore usually stays where it lands, which is why the wreck rather than the sinking is what the camera records. Most of the losses in this archive left no image of the event at all, only the hull afterwards.
121. 1905 - Pamir (ship, 1905). ). Pamir, launched at Blohm & Voss in 1905 as a four masted steel barque and later a Gustaf Erikson grain ship, sank on 21 September 1957 in Hurricane Carrie about 600 nautical miles west south west of the Azores. The death toll is contested: the Pamir article gives 86 aboard with 6 rescued and 80 dead, while the maritime disasters list gives 138 aboard and 132 dead. Both are English Wikipedia and the disagreement is unresolved.
122. 1905 - Archibald Russel. The Scotish four masted barque „Archibald Russel“ was build 1905 in Greenock. Gustaf Erikson bought in the ship 1923. Gustaf Erikson bought aging sailing ships cheaply as everyone else moved to steam, and by the 1930s owned a significant share of the world's operational windjammers, running over 60 ships in his lifetime. His method was cost discipline while still keeping adequate crew and stores, because speed and efficiency depended on them.
123. 1905 - Loch Tay and Lalla Rookh at wharf. LOCH TAY, fitting new topmasts. LALLA ROOKH, astern... The barque Lalla Rookh made a record breaking run from Brisbane to London in 201 days in 1905, later it was blown to bits in a Scandanavian port. Pamir was the last commercial sailing ship to round Cape Horn with a paying cargo, on 11 July 1949, carrying Australian grain.
124. 1906 - Waka taua photographed for a 1906 travelogue. A war canoe illustrated in Emerald Hours in New Zealand, published in 1906, a travel book by the English visitor Alys Lowth. Books of this kind carried the first widely circulated photographs of waka to readers outside New Zealand.
125. 1906 - Canoe on the Whanganui River, 1906. A man sits in a long canoe at Otuwhakakaireau on the Whanganui River in New Zealand. The river was a working highway for canoe traffic deep into the North Island, and photographs like this one were made for the Bain news collection.
126. 1906 - Departure of the six canoes from Rarotonga. Kennett Watkins painted the traditional account of the canoes leaving Rarotonga for New Zealand, dated by the tradition to about AD 1350. The work is held in the Auckland Art Gallery.
127. 1906 - Departure of the Six Canoes from Rarotonga, 1906. Kennett Watkins painted this oil on canvas in 1906, showing the traditional departure of the six canoes from Rarotonga for New Zealand, dated by the tradition to AD 1350. It hangs in the Auckland Art Gallery.
128. 1908 - L'Avenir (ship, 1908). Photographed under sail, 1908. The Australian grain trade was the last profitable application of commercial sail, and in the 1939 grain race ten of the thirteen participants were Gustaf Erikson ships. His four masted barques ran 30,000 nautical mile voyages with fewer than 30 crew.
129. 1908 - Preussen - SLV Allan C. Green H91.250-378. The German five-masted full-rigged ship „Preussen“ under full sails leaving New York Harbour. The Flying P-Liners of F. Laeisz of Hamburg were the last generation of large steel sailing cargo ships, working the South American nitrate trade until the First World War. Pamir, launched at Blohm & Voss on 29 July 1905, was one of them, named for the Pamir Mountains.
130. 1910 - The barque Medwey and the ketch Phil Forbes. The barque Medway and the ketch Phil Forbes under full sails. A barque is square rigged on all masts except the aftermost, which is fore and aft. It was the standard deep sea cargo rig of the last commercial sailing era, used by the four masted steel windjammers of the Åland grain trade.
131. 1910 - Preussen ship c. 1910 SLNSW FL20702467. Preussen five-masted sailing ship, Crab Bay, England, 1910, unknown, from vintage print, State Library of New South Wales, PXA 1152/Vol. 8. The Flying P-Liners of F. Laeisz of Hamburg were the last generation of large steel sailing cargo ships, working the South American nitrate trade until the First World War. Pamir, launched at Blohm & Voss on 29 July 1905, was one of them, named for the Pamir Mountains.
132. 1912 - German: Schiffsportrait der Bark Isebek mit voll gehissten Segeln in der Le-Maire-Straße. Photographed under sail, 1912. Cape Horn at the southern tip of South America is the gate of the clipper route and the mark the Vendée Globe keeps to port. Below forty degrees south there is no land to stop the swell, which is what makes the passage what it is.
133. 1912 - 'Postbode' Nederlandse marine. Photographed 1912. A sloop carries a mainsail and a single headsail on one mast, the commonest rig afloat. A cutter has the same single mast but multiple headsails, and was historically the rig of working boats and coastal freighters.
134. 1912 - Zeilsloep met gebroken mast voor de kust van Noorwegen. Identificatie Titel(s): Zeilsloep met gebroken mast voor de kust van Noorwegen Objecttype: prent. Masts on a working square rigger are built in sections, lower mast, topmast and topgallant, each fidded into the one below so a damaged section can be sent down and replaced at sea.
135. 1912 - The Legend of the Voyage to New Zealand. An oil painting by Kennett Watkins, held in the Auckland Art Gallery. Watkins painted the settlement voyages as history painting, at a time when the canoe traditions were being recorded in writing for the first time.
136. 1913 - RS Arne Fahlstrøm (Narve Skarpmoen). RS 29 Arne Fahlstrøm in port (possiblly Oslo) between 1913 and 1924. A ketch carries its mizzen mast forward of the rudder post, which is the distinction from a yawl, whose small mizzen sits abaft it. That single measurement is the detail most often got wrong in captions.
137. 1913 - Carrying canoes over hurdles, 1913. A Māori woman taking canoes over hurdles, from a scanned book photographed by Josiah Martin. Portage over land between waterways was ordinary practice, and small canoes were carried rather than sailed round.
138. 1913 - The American clipper ship Flying Cloud at sea under full sail. Photographed under sail, 1913. Flying Cloud was built in 1851 by Donald McKay and set the fastest New York to San Francisco passage within weeks of launching, then broke her own record at 89 days and 8 hours, a mark unbroken until 1989. Eleanor Creesy navigated on both record runs; her husband Josiah Perkins Creesy was the captain.
139. 1914 - Kanonjolle drawing. Photographed in detail on deck, 1914. Masts on a working square rigger are built in sections, lower mast, topmast and topgallant, each fidded into the one below so a damaged section can be sent down and replaced at sea.
140. 1914 - Scheepstimmerwerf met mannen die een molen draaien. Photographed out of the water, 1914. Plank on frame construction sets the frames first and then planks over them, and it is still the traditional yard method worldwide. The alternatives arrived in order: cold moulding in thin layers laid at differing angles, strip planking glued up, welded steel and aluminium, then glass reinforced plastic.
141. 1914 - Scheepstimmerwerf met mannen die een molen draaien. Photographed out of the water, 1914. Cold moulding lays thin layers at differing angles into a monocoque, strip planking glues narrow strips edge to edge, and welded steel and aluminium are efficient at scale. Glass reinforced plastic became dominant for sailing vessels built after 1950.
142. 1915 - Capsizing of the SS Eastland, as witnessed by Satterfield. On July 24, 1915, Bob Satterfield was crossing the Clark Street Bridge on his way to work, when he witnessed the capsizing of the SS Eastland. He watched the rescue attempts, and drew this sketch that morning, while it was still fresh in his mind. It was published on July 27, 1915.
143. 1915 - Endurance under full sail Frank Hurley. Endurance under sail trying to break through pack ice, Weddell Sea, Antarctica, 1915, by Frank Hurley, from original Paget Plate, 1914-1915 State Library New South Wales ON 26 -12. Endurance carried Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition into the Weddell Sea, where she was beset, crushed by ice and lost. Her people reached Elephant Island, and six of them then sailed the 22.5 foot James Caird roughly 700 nautical miles to South Georgia between 24 April and 10 May 1916.
144. 1915 - Sailing ship Endurance trapped and crushed by ice in the Antarctic, 1915 (exbt-ice-LongNi. Photographed under sail, 1915. The boat was modified by carpenter Harry McNish, who raised her sides eight to ten inches and decked her over with wood and canvas sealed with oil paints, lamp wick and seal blood.
145. 1916 - Elephant Isle party being rescued by the tug Yelcho. The tug Yelcho is seen in the distance as her boat rescues the party left on Elephant Isle when the James Caird sailed to South Georgia to arrange rescue for those left behind. The James Caird is a 22.5 foot double ended whaleboat, modified by carpenter Harry McNish who raised her sides eight to ten inches and built a makeshift deck of wood and canvas sealed with oil paints, lamp wick and seal blood. Rigged as a ketch with lug sails and a jib and carrying about a ton of ballast, she took six men from Elephant Island on 24 April 1916 to South Georgia on 10 May, roughly 700 nautical miles in seventeen days. She has been preserved at Dulwich College in south London since 1985.
146. 1917 - Flying Cloud by Jacobsen. Photographed under sail, 1917. Flying Cloud was built in 1851 by Donald McKay and set the fastest New York to San Francisco passage within weeks of launching, then broke her own record at 89 days and 8 hours, a mark unbroken until 1989. Eleanor Creesy navigated on both record runs; her husband Josiah Perkins Creesy was the captain.
147. 1918 - U.S. Clipper "Machanics" Own. Photographed 1918. Clippers dominated the New York to San Francisco run from 1848 with the California Gold Rush.
148. 1919 - Andrew Jackson (1855 clipper ship) from Valentine's Manual 1919. Photographed 1919. Clippers dominated the New York to San Francisco run from 1848 with the California Gold Rush.
149. 1920 - RS 17 Christian Børs (Norsk Selskab til Skibbrudnes Redning). Photographed 1920. Suhaili, Joshua and Guppy were all ketches.
150. 1921 - Tank servant à la mise à l'eau d'un canot [de sauvetage à rames marqué "Life Boat"] : [ph. Photographed 1921. Approximately 4,000 people were involved in the rescue during the 1979 Fastnet storm, and lifeboats spent 75 hours at sea in 60 knot winds. The Royal Navy alone recovered between 125 and 136 yachtsmen, the source giving a range rather than a figure.
151. 1921 - Tank servant à la mise à l'eau d'un canot [de sauvetage à rames marqué "Life Boat"] : [ph. Photographed 1921. Twenty four boats were abandoned in that storm, more than 75 capsized and five sank. The sources say only that many safety improvements followed and name no mechanism, so none is claimed here.
152. 1921 - Clipper Donald McKay. Photographed under sail, 1921. Donald McKay built Flying Cloud in 1851. She set the fastest New York to San Francisco passage within weeks of launching and then broke her own record at 89 days and 8 hours, a mark unbroken until 1989, with Eleanor Creesy navigating on both record runs.
153. 1921 - Parma - SLV Allan C. Green H91.250-569. Photographed under sail, 1921. Alan Villiers sailed aboard Parma between 1931 and 1933 in the Australian grain races, the voyages that produced the photographic record of commercial square rig in its final years. The Åland fleet ran these ships with fewer than 30 crew over 30,000 nautical miles.
154. 1923 - The „Glory of the Seas“. Photographed under sail, 1923. Copper sheathing keeps worm and weed off a wooden bottom, and it is the reason composite construction was invented. A hull comes out of the water to be surveyed, recaulked, sheathed and painted.
155. 1925 - L'équipage du "Island" [voilier] de l'expédition [Grettir] Algarsson, [au centre avec le. Photographed 1925. Frank Worsley navigated the James Caird across roughly 700 nautical miles of the Southern Ocean on brief sun sights taken as the boat pitched. In the worst weather he called his own navigation a merry jest of guesswork. He was one of the three who then crossed South Georgia on foot to Stromness.
156. 1925 - Potosi at wharf. Five masted barque „Potosi“ at wharf. The barque was built in 1895 and was sunk in 1925 after catching fire and the crew abandoning it. Other name for the barque was „Flora“. Pamir was the last commercial sailing ship to round Cape Horn with a paying cargo, on 11 July 1949, carrying Australian grain.
157. 1925 - Yacht MORNA sailing on Sydney Harbour. (cropped), 1925, photographed alongside in port. The Sydney to Hobart starts on Boxing Day inside Sydney Harbour and runs roughly 630 nautical miles south. The first edition in 1945 had nine starters; the eightieth in 2025 had 128 starters and 93 finishers, and Min River won on corrected time as the first two handed yacht and the first with a female skipper to win overall.
158. 1926 - Sedov (ship, 1921) and Kruzenshtern (ship, 1926), Sète, France. The Sedov (Russian four-masted barque, 1921) and in the background at left the Kruzenshtern (Russian four-masted barque, 1926), moored at the Algiers Embankment. Sète, Hérault, France. Kruzenshtern, a four masted barque launched in 1926, was built for the Flying P-Liner fleet of F. Laeisz and now sails as a training ship. She is among the handful of the last commercial square riggers still going to sea.
159. 1926 - Clipper „Flying Cloud“. Photographed 1926. Flying Cloud was built in 1851 by Donald McKay and set the fastest New York to San Francisco passage within weeks of launching, then broke her own record at 89 days and 8 hours, a mark unbroken until 1989. Eleanor Creesy navigated on both record runs; her husband Josiah Perkins Creesy was the captain.
160. 1926 - American Clipper Ships 1926 01. Surprise, Clipper built in 1850, from a painting by Charles Robert Patterson. T. (1926) American Clipper Ships, 1833-1858, Salem, MA: Marine Research Society. A clipper is a mid nineteenth century merchant sailing vessel designed for speed: narrow, limited in cargo and carrying very large sail area. The boom ran from 1843 and was ended by the Panama Railroad in 1855 and the Suez Canal in 1869.
161. 1928 - Foto Sloep in opbouw op de werf, in spanten gezet, te Zeebrugge. Photographed as preserved, 1928. A sloop carries a mainsail and a single headsail on one mast, the commonest rig afloat. A cutter has the same single mast but multiple headsails, and was historically the rig of working boats and coastal freighters.
162. 1930-04 - Launch of Yacht Shamrock V at Gosport. The Countess of Shaftesbury launches Thomas Lipton's Shamrock V at Gosport on 17 April 1930. Shamrock V was Lipton's fifth and last America's Cup challenger and the first British yacht built to the J Class rule. She lost the 1930 match to Enterprise four races to none.
163. 1930 - Tangalooma 18 footer sailing on the Brisbane River, 1930. 1930 when Tangalooma competed. (Decription supplied with photograph). The 18 foot Skiff is the Sydney harbour development class from which Julian Bethwaite drew the 49er, carrying enormous sail area on a light hull with the crew out on trapezes.
164. 1930 - Tangalooma sailing on the Brisbane River, ca. 1930. Photographed under sail, 1930. The 18 foot Skiff is the Sydney harbour development class from which Julian Bethwaite drew the 49er, carrying enormous sail area on a light hull with the crew out on trapezes.
165. 1930 - Le voilier [4 mâts barque allemand] "Herzogin Cecilie" (CNews) : [photographie de presse]. Photographed 1930. Herzogin Cecilie, a four masted iron hulled barque described as one of the fastest windjammers ever built, ran aground in the English Channel off Devon in 1936 and was wrecked.
166. 1930 - USS Constitution Rigging Plan. The spar and rigging plan depicting all of the lines and rigging for the refit work of the USS Constitution (starting 1925). Cutty Sark's 2007 fire consumed much of her centre section; an investigation concluded that an industrial vacuum cleaner left running over a weekend ignited it, compounded by the absence of a night watch. About half the original fabric had already been removed for conservation and so survived. She reopened on 25 April 2012 after a restoration costing between £35 and £46 million, the sources giving a range rather than a figure.
167. 1930 - Passat - Hamburg. Bemanning.. Photographed as preserved, 1930. Passat is a four masted steel barque of the Flying P-Liner fleet of F. Laeisz, later sold into the Åland grain trade under Gustaf Erikson, and one of the survivors of the last commercial square rig era.
168. 1930 - Charles W. Morgan and Platina Whalers at pier, New Bedford, Mass. Photographed alongside in port, 1930. Charles W. Morgan was built in 1841 at the Hillman yard in New Bedford, Massachusetts and is the only surviving wooden whaling ship of an estimated 2,700 built in the American fleet. She served 80 years, made 37 voyages and produced 54,483 barrels of oil and 152,934 pounds of whalebone. She was moored at Mystic Seaport on 8 November 1941, restored between 2010 and 2013 and relaunched on 21 July 2013, the 172nd anniversary of her original launch, before making a 38th voyage in 2014.
169. 1930 - Whalers at pier, New Bedford, Mass. Photographed alongside in port, 1930. Charles W. Morgan was built in 1841 at Jethro and Zachariah Hillman's yard in New Bedford, Massachusetts, named for owner Charles Waln Morgan. She is the only survivor of an estimated 2,700 wooden whaling ships built in the American fleet.
170. 1930 - C. W. Morgan Whaler, New Bedford, Mass. Photographed under sail, 1930. Charles W. Morgan was built in 1841 at Jethro and Zachariah Hillman's yard in New Bedford, Massachusetts, named for owner Charles Waln Morgan. She is the only survivor of an estimated 2,700 wooden whaling ships built in the American fleet.
171. 1931 - The Storm. Seascape with ship nearly sinking in the centre in rough waves, the sail torn, bow up to the right, stern among the waves to the left, ray of sunshine from top right in dark sky; after Duncan. Colour lithograph printed in grey, brown, blue. The 1979 Fastnet storm brought 60 knots with little or no advance warning and fifty foot waves running in conflicting directions, with a pressure low of 979 hPa. The UK Meteorological Office recorded a maximum of Force 10 while competitors estimated Force 11, and both figures belong in the account.
172. 1931 - Felukk utenfor Castellammare title. The drawing is probably used in the painting 'View of Castellamare from the Shore' (Q55421719). Amerigo Vespucci was built at the naval shipyard at Castellammare di Stabia near Naples in 1930 and launched on 22 February 1931, a full rigged ship of 82.4 metres hull and 101 metres overall including the bowsprit. She carries three steel masts, 26 traditional canvas sails and roughly 2,635 square metres of sail area, and still trains Italian Naval Academy midshipmen. Her complement rises to about 450 with cadets aboard.
173. 1931 - Partie von Castellammare am Golf von Neapel. Photographed 1931. Amerigo Vespucci was built at the naval shipyard at Castellammare di Stabia near Naples in 1930 and launched on 22 February 1931, a full rigged ship of 82.4 metres hull and 101 metres overall including the bowsprit. She carries three steel masts, 26 traditional canvas sails and roughly 2,635 square metres of sail area, and still trains Italian Naval Academy midshipmen. Her complement rises to about 450 with cadets aboard.
174. 1931-07 - Yachts Start Race Across Atlantic. Ten yachts cross the line at Newport, Rhode Island, on 16 July 1931 bound for Plymouth, with British boats among them. The 1931 Transatlantic Race was won by Dorade, sailed by Olin and Rod Stephens, who were then in their twenties. Olin Stephens went on to design eight America's Cup defenders.
175. 1932 - Peking moored in the Thames. The Peking moored in the river Thames, London - the ship was built 1911. 3191 tons. 322.1 x 47.1 x 26.5. Allocated to Italian Government, 1919.
176. 1932 - 21/8/32, inauguration [du] Monument de la Défense à Longwy : [photographie de presse] / [. Photographed under sail, 1932. The dinghy park is where a sailing club actually lives: hulls on trolleys, masts down, boats in class order. The Optimist, the Laser and the 49er between them account for most of the boats a modern racing sailor passes through.
177. 1932 - Yacht sailing on the Brisbane River, 1932. 18 footer which was skippered by Jimmy Mindham. (Description supplied with photograph). The 18 foot Skiff is the Sydney harbour development class from which Julian Bethwaite drew the 49er, carrying enormous sail area on a light hull with the crew out on trapezes.
178. 1932 - Le voilier Herzogin Cecilie (CN) : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol] ; [d'après la. Photographed 1932. Herzogin Cecilie, a four masted iron hulled barque described as one of the fastest windjammers ever built, ran aground in the English Channel off Devon in 1936 and was wrecked.
179. 1932 - Peking, voilier allemand acheté par les Anglais pour servir de bateau école [aujourd'hui. Photographed 1932. The Flying P-Liners of F. Laeisz of Hamburg were the last generation of large steel sailing cargo ships, working the South American nitrate trade until the First World War. Pamir, launched at Blohm & Voss on 29 July 1905, was one of them, named for the Pamir Mountains.
180. 1933-05 - Windjammer Sets Out From Sydney. A windjammer leaves Sydney on 25 May 1933 with a cargo of wool for Europe, described by Movietone as the largest sailing vessel in the world. Deep-water sail survived longest on the Australian grain and wool runs, where the cargo could stand a slow passage. The homeward voyages were reported as races.
181. 1934-08 - German Cadets in Training. The German cadet ship Deutschland is filmed at sea fully rigged on 16 August 1934, with cadets working the sails. Deutschland was a full-rigged sail training ship built in 1927 for the German merchant marine. Movietone's item is silent shot material.
182. 1935 - Carved canoe prow, before 1935. A New Zealand canoe prow in the Oceanic collection of the Historisches Museum Bern, recorded before 1935. Swiss and German museums acquired substantial Pacific holdings through nineteenth century trade and mission networks.
183. 1936 - Herzogin Cecilie (wrecked). "Herzogin Cecilie" on the rocks, Sour Cove, Devon, England, 1935: Elevated view of four masted barque on rocks -- Wreck of "Herzogin Cecilie" off Bolt Head, Sth Devon, April 23 1936: View from land, sailing ship between rock formations near shore. Herzogin Cecilie, a four masted iron hulled barque described as one of the fastest windjammers ever built, ran aground in the English Channel off Devon in 1936 and was wrecked.
184. 1936 - 1936 Hope Cove, Cornwall, Herzogin Cecille Shipwreck, Barque. The wreck of the four-masted barque Herzogin Cecilie at Hope Cove, Cornwall, filmed in 1936. She was an iron-hulled windjammer described as one of the fastest built, and ran aground in the English Channel off Devon that year. Windjammers of this kind carried Australian grain into the late 1930s.
185. 1936 - Last Topsail Schooner. Movietone films a topsail schooner under full sail at the end of 1936, with a commentary calling her the last of her kind. Topsail schooners carried coastal and short-sea cargo in Britain into the twentieth century, worked by crews of four or five. The item is sound footage of the ship at sea and on deck.
186. 1937 - Sailing. American defender trials for the 1937 America's Cup, shot 17 June 1937. Selection trials decided which boat would meet the British challenger, a process that ran through every Cup cycle of the J Class years. The J Class was built to Nathanael Herreshoff's Universal Rule.
187. 1937 - Corsica Classic 2013 Skylark of 1937. Photographed under sail, 1937. The spinnaker is the downwind sail, set flying from a pole and cut full. Nylon became the material for it because it is light, high in tensile strength and abrasion resistant.
188. 1937-08 - Yacht Racing. Movietone covers the 1937 America's Cup match between Harold Vanderbilt's Ranger and T.O.M. Sopwith's Endeavour, filmed 12 August 1937. Ranger was the last of the ten J Class yachts built to race for the Cup, and the J Class raced for it from 1930 to 1937. The camera holds on Sopwith aboard Philante and on Vanderbilt working his own afterguard.
189. 1939-12 - Rescue At Sea Of Japanese Sailors. Newsfilm of a rescue at sea of Japanese sailors, dated 31 December 1939. Merchant sail and early motor shipping both suffered heavily in this period. Rescue at sea before helicopters meant another vessel closing alongside.
190. 1940 - Eighteen foot skiff skimming the waves on the Brisbane River. Jenny III, skippered by Norm Wright Jnr. ). Julian Bethwaite developed the 49er from his 18 foot Skiff work, particularly the double handed Prime Computer series. Its Portsmouth yardstick of 740 makes it the fastest two person one design monohull dinghy, and it made its Olympic debut at Sydney in 2000.
191. 1940 - Skiff in full sail on the Brisbane River, ca. 1940. Irene, being skippered by E. Ware. ). Julian Bethwaite developed the 49er from his 18 foot Skiff work, particularly the double handed Prime Computer series. Its Portsmouth yardstick of 740 makes it the fastest two person one design monohull dinghy, and it made its Olympic debut at Sydney in 2000.
192. 1940 - Land Utilization City of New Bedford - DPLA - 1233b391096b9979060b23d1da6b2f13. Photographed 1940. Charles W. Morgan was built in 1841 at Jethro and Zachariah Hillman's yard in New Bedford, Massachusetts, named for owner Charles Waln Morgan. She is the only survivor of an estimated 2,700 wooden whaling ships built in the American fleet.
193. 1942 - U.S. Navy sailors Pastula, Aldrich, and Dixon and life raft in which they spent 34 days. Photographed as preserved, 1942. Twenty four boats were abandoned, more than 75 capsized and five sank. The Met Office recorded a maximum of Force 10 in that storm while competitors estimated Force 11, and both figures belong in the account.
194. 1942 - Tall ships outisde Hammarudda fortification, Åland 1942. "Hammarudda fortification. " Picture by Fenrik L. Zilliacus. Pommern survived the Second World War and is preserved as a museum ship at Mariehamn. Erikson bought Moshulu in 1935 for twelve thousand dollars for the Australian grain trade.
195. 1942 - Tall ships outside Hammarudda fortification, Åland 1942. "Hammarudda fortification. " Picture by Fenrik L. Zilliacus. Gustaf Erikson bought aging sailing ships cheaply as everyone else moved to steam, and by the 1930s owned a significant share of the world's operational windjammers, running over 60 ships in his lifetime. His method was cost discipline while still keeping adequate crew and stores, because speed and efficiency depended on them.
196. 1943 - Armin Reumann - Finis. Photographed 1943. Herzogin Cecilie went ashore in the English Channel off Devon in 1936 and was wrecked there. Pride of Baltimore capsized in a microburst squall north of Puerto Rico on 14 May 1986 and four people died.
197. 1944 - Panorama of Mariehamn in 1944. " Picture by Military Official (fi: "sot. ") Eino Nurmi. Pommern survived the Second World War and is preserved as a museum ship at Mariehamn. Erikson bought Moshulu in 1935 for twelve thousand dollars for the Australian grain trade.
198. 1947 - Ardath an 18 footer skiff sailing in Brisbane, 1947. Ardath was an 18 footer owned and possibly built by R. Dath. (Description supplied with photograph). Julian Bethwaite developed the 49er from his 18 foot Skiff work, particularly the double handed Prime Computer series. Its Portsmouth yardstick of 740 makes it the fastest two person one design monohull dinghy, and it made its Olympic debut at Sydney in 2000.
199. 1947 - Champion 18 foot skiff sailing on the Brisbane River, ca. 1947. 1947. Culex, skippered by Lance Watts, was Australian Champion, 1948. ). The 18 foot Skiff is the Sydney harbour development class from which Julian Bethwaite drew the 49er, carrying enormous sail area on a light hull with the crew out on trapezes.
200. 1947 - Scheepstimmerwerf te Nieuwpoort. Identificatie Titel(s): Scheepstimmerwerf te Nieuwpoort Objecttype: prent. Cold moulding lays thin layers at differing angles into a monocoque, strip planking glues narrow strips edge to edge, and welded steel and aluminium are efficient at scale. Glass reinforced plastic became dominant for sailing vessels built after 1950.
201. 1948 - Archibald Russell (ship). ) Hulk of the four-masted barque, the Archibald Russell, in the River Tyne, opposite Spillers Grain Wharf in August 1948. (Description supplied with photograph). The Australian grain trade was the last profitable application of commercial sail, and in the 1939 grain race ten of the thirteen participants were Gustaf Erikson ships. His four masted barques ran 30,000 nautical mile voyages with fewer than 30 crew.
202. 1948 - Archibald Russell (ship). ) Hulk of the four-masted barque, the Archibald Russell, in the River Tyne, opposite Spillers Grain Wharf in August 1948. Pamir was the last commercial sailing ship to round Cape Horn with a paying cargo, on 11 July 1949, carrying Australian grain.
203. 1949 - Pamir - nla.pic-vn4655112-v. pic-vn4655112-v, 1949, photographed alongside in port. Pamir, launched at Blohm & Voss in 1905 as a four masted steel barque and later a Gustaf Erikson grain ship, sank on 21 September 1957 in Hurricane Carrie about 600 nautical miles west south west of the Azores. The death toll is contested: the Pamir article gives 86 aboard with 6 rescued and 80 dead, while the maritime disasters list gives 138 aboard and 132 dead. Both are English Wikipedia and the disagreement is unresolved.
204. 1949 - Oak Ships (1949). Carpenters work on the frame of a large oak ship at Rock Channel shipyard in 1949, hacking timber with the adze. The adze was the shipwright's primary shaping tool before power planes and is still used for hollowing. Plank-on-frame construction sets the frames first and planks over them.
205. 1950 - Boat Building (1950). A Pathé item on boat building from 1950. This is the last decade in which wooden construction was the default for small craft. Fibreglass gained acceptance during the 1950s and became dominant for sailing vessels built after that.
206. 1952 - Charles Currey, Paul Elvstrøm, Rickard Sarby 1952. Photographed under sail, 1952. Individual medal counts for Paul Elvstrøm, Ben Ainslie and Robert Scheidt are not established in the sources used here, so no total is claimed for any of them. What is documented is that Great Britain leads the Olympic sailing medal table with 65 medals including 31 golds.
207. 1952 - Bundesarchiv Bild 183-14193-0008, Berlin, Eröffnung der Rudersaison. Photographed 1952. A cutter carries one mast with multiple headsails, which divides the fore triangle into sails a small crew can handle. It was the rig of working boats and coastal freighters before it became a cruising rig.
208. 1952 - Disasters At Sea (1952). A Pathé item on disasters at sea from 1952. Newsreels carried maritime loss regularly in an era when sea travel and sea trade touched most families. The reel is a compilation of incidents rather than a single event.
209. 1952 - COWES REGATTA (Duke's Yachting Holiday). Cowes Regatta in 1952, filmed by Movietone. The Royal Yacht Squadron was founded at Cowes in 1815 and the week remains the anchor of the British yachting calendar. Crowds line the Isle of Wight shore as the fleet works the Solent.
210. 1954 - Cutty Sark'S Last Voyage. Cutty Sark is towed to Greenwich on 16 December 1954 to be kept as a memorial to the age of sail. She was launched at Dumbarton in 1869 for the China tea trade and later carried Australian wool. She has been in her dry dock at Greenwich ever since.
211. 1955 - Nationale Zeilwedstrijden Alkmaarsemeer (Draken), Bestanddeelnr 907-2444. Photographed under sail, 1955. Ballast is high density material placed as low as possible, often in a bulb at the keel foot, to lower the centre of gravity and generate a righting moment against the heeling force on the sails. The canting keel puts that bulb to windward on a tilting fin, and entered the IMOCA class in 1998 tilting up to 38 degrees each side.
212. 1956 - Torbay To Lisbon Race - Tall Ships. Sailing ships race from Torbay to Lisbon on 12 July 1956, run as a handicap in two classes, over and under 100 tons. This was the first of the Sail Training Association's races, the event that grew into the Tall Ships Races. Movietone films the start off Devon.
213. 1956 - Europese kampioenschappen eenmanszwaardboten Loosdrecht, Bestanddeelnr 907-9551. Photographed under sail, 1956. Capsizing is a normal event in a dinghy rather than an emergency, which is why the boats are built to be righted from the water by their own crew.
214. 1956 - Europese kampioenschappen eenmanszwaardboten Loosdrecht, Bestanddeelnr 907-9552. Photographed under sail, 1956. The dinghy park is where a sailing club actually lives: hulls on trolleys, masts down, boats in class order. The Optimist, the Laser and the 49er between them account for most of the boats a modern racing sailor passes through.
215. 1957 - The Cutty Sark. Queen Elizabeth II inspects Cutty Sark at Greenwich on 27 June 1957 after performing the ceremony marking her installation in dry dock. The clipper had been towed to Greenwich in 1954 to be preserved. She was received by the mayor, Councillor Mrs Wentworth.
216. 1958 - Gorch Fock (Schiff, 1958) in Flensburg. The Gorch Fock is a tall ship of the German Navy (Deutsche Marine). In this picture she is under way leaving flensburg harbour, Mars sails and headsails unpacked and ready. Gorch Fock, launched in 1958, is the German Navy's sail training barque and a fixture of the Tall Ships Races and of Kieler Woche.
217. 1958 - Gorch Fock (Schiff, 1958) im Sonnenaufgang 02. The Gorch Fock is a tall ship of the German Navy (Deutsche Marine). In this picture she is under anchor near the coast of portugal, the photo was taken at sunrise. Gorch Fock, launched in 1958, is the German Navy's sail training barque and a fixture of the Tall Ships Races and of Kieler Woche.
218. 1958 - Firefly Racing Dinghy (1958). Firefly racing dinghies are built from veneer at Hamble in 1958, laminated layer by layer. This is cold moulding, in which two or more thin layers are laid at differing angles to form a strong monocoque. The Firefly was a British one-design that also served as an Olympic class.
219. 1958 - YACHT RACING. A second Movietone yacht racing item from 1958. Newsreel coverage of this period is the main moving-image record of club and class racing before television took the sport on. The camera positions are from a chase boat and from shore.
220. 1958 - America'S Cup. Movietone marks a century since the schooner America beat fifteen yachts around the Isle of Wight in 1851, winning the cup that has carried her name ever since, and observes that no challenger had yet taken it from the United States. The item recalls King George V and the future Duke of Windsor sailing Britannia, a boat that never raced for the Cup. The trophy stayed in American hands from 1851 until 1983, and the defence record is 24 consecutive matches from 1870 to 1980.
221. 1958 - YACHT RACING. Eighteen-footers racing at Brisbane in a squally twenty-knot wind on 23 January 1958, the Queensland boat Jenny 6 leading throughout. The 18 ft Skiff is the Australian development class from which Julian Bethwaite later drew the 49er. Enormous sail area on a light open hull, sailed by a crew constantly on the edge of capsize.
222. 1960 - 12 Metre Yachts Aka 12' Meter Racing (1960). Pathé films 12 Metre class racing at Cowes Week in 1960, with preparations aboard Sceptre. The 12 Metres replaced the J Class as the America's Cup boat after the Second World War and stayed until 1987. The commentary follows the navigator over his charts before the start gun.
223. 1960 - THE HOBART RACE. Movietone covers the Sydney to Hobart race around 1960. Wild Oats XI later took nine line-honours wins between 2005 and 2018, and Freya, Love & War and Ichi Ban each hold three corrected-time victories. The race record stands to LDV Comanche, 1d 09h 15m 24s in 2017.
224. 1962 - Elephant Island NOAA. Approaching Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Elephant Island in the South Shetlands is where twenty two men of Shackleton's expedition waited while the James Caird sailed roughly 700 nautical miles to South Georgia between 24 April and 10 May 1916. It has no shelter and no way off except by sea.
225. 1962 - Macroplastic te Utrecht, de boot wordt uit de zogenaamde moedermal gehaald, Bestanddeelnr. Photographed 1962. The invention that changed the sport was the reusable female mould rather than the resin, because the mould is what made mass production possible.
226. 1962 - Macroplastic te Utrecht, de firma Zaco geeft demonstratie met de Multi Purpose s, Bestand. Photographed 1962. Ray Greene of Owens Corning produced the first composite boat in 1937 but abandoned it over brittleness. Fibreglass composite boats have been built since the early 1940s and the material gained acceptance in the 1950s, becoming dominant for sailing vessels built after 1950.
227. 1962 - The Prince At The Helm. Eight minutes of colour cutting material from Cowes Week on 13 August 1962, with yachts racing, crews at work and the crowds ashore, including Uffa Fox and the Countess of Leicester. Cowes Week has been sailed in the Solent since 1826. The reel is unedited shot material rather than a cut story.
228. 1962 - THE PRINCE AT THE HELM (IN COLOUR). Cowes Week on 13 August 1962, with the designer Uffa Fox sailing Prince Philip's Flying Fifteen Coweslip. The reel names the one-design fleets then racing in the Solent: Fireflies, Dragons, Flying Fifteens, Swallows, Darings and Solent Sunbeams. Colour footage of a mixed dinghy and keelboat regatta at its mid-century peak.
229. 1964 - CAN 191 OBSERVER SINGLE HANDED TRANS-ATLANTIC RACE. Yachts prepare for the Observer Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race, filmed 23 May 1964. Eric Tabarly won that edition in the purpose-built Pen Duick II in 27 days 3 hours, three days ahead of second. His win established that purpose-built boats would beat converted cruisers and made ocean racing popular in France.
230. 1964 - Atlantic Yacht Race. Competitors gather at Millbay Docks, Plymouth, on 20 May 1964 before the second single-handed transatlantic race, among them Eric Tabarly with Pen Duick II, David Lewis with the catamaran Rehu Moana and Francis Chichester with Gipsy Moth III. Tabarly won the race in 27 days, beating Chichester, who had won the first running in 1960. Movietone films Chichester over his chart and Lewis demonstrating his self-steering.
231. 1965 - SYDNEY - HOBART YACHT RACE - SOUND. A Sydney to Hobart newsreel item with sound, from the mid-1960s. Bass Strait is the part of the course that decides the race and has produced its worst weather. In 1998 an intense low struck the fleet and six sailors died.
232. 1966 - FRANCIS CHICHESTER ARRIVES - SOUND. Chichester arrives at Sydney on the first half of his solo circumnavigation, filmed 18 December 1966, with his wife Sheila and son Giles meeting him and an official welcome at the Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron. He had left Plymouth on 27 August 1966 and the passage out took 107 days. Sydney was his single stop.
233. 1966 - Tall Ship For Adventure. The sail training schooner Sir Winston Churchill is named at Hull on 17 March 1966. She cost 120,000 pounds and Movietone reports her as the first three-master built in Britain for training young people. She was built for the Sail Training Association.
234. 1966 - Press boat - yacht - duchess. "Duchess" yacht for newmen. GULF OF MEXICO B&W/CN. In the 1979 Fastnet storm approximately 4,000 people were involved in the rescue and the Royal Navy alone recovered between 125 and 136 yachtsmen, the source giving a range. Lifeboats spent 75 hours at sea in 60 knot winds.
235. 1966 - Can818 World Championship Yacht Racing. King Olav of Norway races in the 5.5 Metre world championship off Denmark and Sweden on 4 August 1966. Olav sailed competitively for decades and had won Olympic gold in the 6 Metre class in 1928. The 5.5 Metre was a development class raced at the Olympics from 1952 to 1968.
236. 1967 - Can910 Sir Francis Chichester Continues Circumnavigtion Of Globe. Francis Chichester is at Sydney on 29 January 1967, the halfway point of his single-handed circumnavigation in Gipsy Moth IV, receiving gifts including a picture and a boomerang before setting out again. From Sydney he intended to round Cape Horn for England, which he did, reaching Plymouth on 28 May 1967. Crowds turned out for the departure.
237. 1967 - Sir Francis Chichester Returns - 1967 | Movietone Moment | 28 May 2021. Movietone's compiled record of Chichester's 1967 return to Plymouth. He had already won the first single-handed transatlantic race in 1960 in Gipsy Moth III, Plymouth to New York in 40d 12h 30m. Gipsy Moth IV was preserved alongside Cutty Sark at Greenwich.
238. 1967 - CHICHESTER SIGHTED AT SEA - NO SOUND. A Lancaster searches for Chichester at sea on 5 June 1967, filmed from the aircraft. He returned to Plymouth on 28 May 1967 after 226 days of sailing. Elizabeth II knighted him that July using the sword Elizabeth I had used on Francis Drake.
239. 1967 - \"SIR FRANCIS OF CAPE HORN\". Chichester leaves Sydney in Gipsy Moth IV on 2 February 1967 for the Cape Horn leg, with Movietone cutting in an older stormy Cape Horn passage to show what lay ahead. His claim is precise: first person to complete a true circumnavigation solo from west to east via the great capes. Slocum had gone round solo sixty-eight years earlier by a different route.
240. 1967 - Kathleen And May Schooner. The topsail schooner Kathleen and May lies at Appledore Quay on 30 June 1967, with her skipper Paul Davis coming up from his cabin, painting the deck and cleaning the old anchor winch. Kathleen and May was built at Connah's Quay in 1900 and is the last surviving British wooden three-masted topsail schooner. Movietone notes the foremast boom gallows and halyard winch, fitted when she was built and then out of use, which Davis intended to bring back into service.
241. 1967 - CAN947 AMERICA'S CUP CHALLENGE. An America's Cup challenge item from the AP newsfilm library, dated 1967. Australia challenged with Dame Pattie that year against the American defender Intrepid. The New York Yacht Club retained the trophy.
242. 1968 - Tall Ships. Cutting material from the 1968 Tall Ships Race at Harwich, showing Kenya Jacaranda and Aloha of Hamble, boys learning knots, work on deck and hands aloft in the rigging. The race was open to sea cadets and trainees of all nations. Six minutes of unedited colour shots rather than a finished newsreel.
243. 1968 - All At Sea. The schooners Malcolm Miller and Sir Winston Churchill sail together for the first time on 29 April 1968, up the Thames to the heart of London. Both were built for the Sail Training Association to teach young people seamanship under sail. The same reel opens with a fibreglass cruiser launched sideways into the water for its Lloyds certificate.
244. 1968 - Tall Ships (Colour). Movietone joins nineteen trainees aboard Kenya Jacaranda at Harwich on 8 August 1968 for the North Sea crossing to Kristiansund in that year's Tall Ships Race. Most of them had never handled anything larger than a dinghy. The race was open to sea cadets and trainees from all nations.
245. 1968 - Tall Ships. More cutting material from the 1968 Tall Ships Race, taken at sea and on deck, with cadets working the ship and long shots of the East Goodwin light vessel. Kenya Jacaranda and Aloha of Hamble are among the ships identified. The reel is silent unedited colour.
246. 1969 - Fishing canoe and war canoe in a museum hall. In front is a waka tete, a fishing and general travel canoe with its hull hewn from a single log. Behind it stands the war canoe Teremoe, whose 54 foot hull was cut from one totara log and which took part in engagements on the Whanganui River during the New Zealand Wars of 1864 to 1872.
247. 1969 - Sewing palm. Photographed as preserved, 1969. A sail is cut from panels seamed together, and the shape is built into the cut rather than pulled in afterwards. The loft floor has to be big enough to lay a whole sail out flat.
248. 1969 - News In Colour - Cutty Sark'S Anniversary. Eight minutes of colour cutting material from Cutty Sark's centenary in November 1969, including photographs of the original crew and of Captain Woodget, paintings of the ship, and visitors coming aboard at Greenwich. Richard Woodget commanded her on the Australian wool passages of the 1880s, her fastest years. The reel is unedited shot material.
249. 1969 - News In Colour - Cutty Sark'S Anniversary. Movietone marks Cutty Sark's centenary on 27 November 1969 with the daughter of her designer, Hercules Linton, visiting the ship, alongside a caber tossing championship won by Bill Anderson of Aberdeen and a competition for the most original mini dress, the name Cutty Sark meaning short shift. The clipper was launched at Dumbarton in 1869 for the tea trade. The item mixes the ship's history with the celebration around it.
250. 1969 - /7/69 World 5.5 Yacht Races. Thomas Nathorst of Sweden wins the first of seven races in the 5.5 Metre world championship on 19 July 1969. The 5.5 Metre was a development class built to a formula rather than a one-design, and it was an Olympic class from 1952 to 1968. AP filmed the opening race of the series.
251. 1969 - SYND27/12/69 SYDNEY TO HOBART YACHT RACE. The Sydney to Hobart start, filmed 27 December 1969. The race starts on Boxing Day each year from Sydney Harbour. Spectator craft crowd the fleet as it heads for the heads.
252. 1970 - CHICHESTER SAILS AGAIN. 21 December 1970, aiming at 200 miles a day in his new ketch Gipsy Moth V. He was sixty-nine at the time. Movietone calls him the old man of the sea, which was the press framing throughout his late career.
253. 1970 - SYND 16/09/1970 AMERICAS CUP INTREPID BEATS GRETEL. AP films Intrepid beating Gretel in the 1970 America's Cup on 16 September 1970. Intrepid was the American defender in a match the New York Yacht Club retained. The reel is one of the few moving-image records of that series.
254. 1970 - German Sail Trainer. The German sail training ship Gorch Fock anchors near Tower Pier on a courtesy visit to London on 27 August 1970, having just taken part in the Tall Ships Race to the Canary Islands. Gorch Fock was launched in 1958 for the West German navy and is a barque of the same design family as Eagle. Movietone films her in the Pool of London.
255. 1970 - Tall Ships. Twenty-two minutes of Movietone tall ships material carrying only a 1970 date in the record. The library holds long reels of unedited footage alongside its cut stories. Nothing further is stated about the ships or the port.
256. 1970 - SYND 25/9/70 GRETEL WINS IN AMERICA'S CUP FOURTH RACE. The Australian challenger Gretel II beats the defender Intrepid in the fourth race of the 1970 America's Cup, filmed 24 September 1970. Australia did not win the Cup itself until 1983, when Australia II beat Liberty 4-3 at Newport. A rare instance of a challenger taking a race off the New York Yacht Club in that era.
257. 1970 - SYND 5/1/70 SYDNEY HOBART YACHT RACE AERIALS. Aerial footage of the Sydney to Hobart fleet, filmed 5 January 1970. Aerials are the only way to show the scale of an offshore fleet at sea and were expensive enough that newsreels shot them rarely. The boats are working south across Bass Strait.
258. 1970 - YACHT RACE. A Movietone yacht race item from around 1970. Newsreel cameramen worked from press launches, which is why the footage sits low to the water and close to the fleet. The reel runs without a named event.
259. 1970 - SYND 31 08 70 FINAL TRIALS OF AMERICA'S CUP SAILING CHAMPIONSHIP. Final defender trials for the 1970 America's Cup, filmed 31 August 1970 off Newport, Rhode Island. The New York Yacht Club held the Cup continuously from 1851 until 1983, a span of 132 years of trophy custody. Twelve Metres working upwind in the trial series.
260. 1970 - BRITISH STEEL YACHT. Chay Blyth's steel-hulled ketch British Steel is launched at Dartmouth, filmed 27 August 1970, before his round the world voyage against the prevailing winds. Blyth had rowed the Atlantic and started the 1968 Golden Globe with no sailing experience at all, retiring at East London that September. He completed the westabout circumnavigation in 1970-71 and later founded the Global Challenge race.
261. 1970 - SYND 2/1/70 END OF THE SYDNEY HOBART YACHT RACE. The end of the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, filmed 2 January 1970. The race was created in 1945 when Captain John Illingworth RN suggested turning Peter Luke's planned cruise into a race, and the first edition had nine starters. The course runs about 630 nautical miles from Sydney Harbour down to the Derwent.
262. 1971 - Bernard Moitessier and William Rodarmor on Moitissier's boat Joshua in Tahiti in 1971. Photographed 1971. Bernard Moitessier rounded Cape Horn on 6 February 1969 lying in a position to win the Golden Globe Race, and on 18 March near Cape Town fired a message aboard a passing ship by slingshot: his intention was to continue the voyage, still nonstop, toward the Pacific Islands. He gave his reason as being happy at sea and perhaps to save his soul. He finished at Tahiti on 21 June 1969 having sailed 37,455 nautical miles over ten months, the longest non-stop passage of its era.
263. 1971 - SYND 2-8-71 CHAY BLYTH'S VOYAGE ENDS. Chay Blyth is filmed fifty miles off Land's End on 1 August 1971 as his round the world voyage ends. He had sailed British Steel westabout, against the prevailing winds and currents, the hard way round. He later founded the Global Challenge race on the same westabout principle.
264. 1971 - SYND 18-1-71 START OF TRANSATLANTIC YACHT RACE. The start of a transatlantic yacht race, filmed 18 January 1971. The 1976 single-handed transatlantic race produced that competition's first fatalities, Mike Flanagan and Mike McMullen, after which size limits were imposed. Ocean racing regulation has largely been written after losses.
265. 1971 - Charles W Morgan ship 8c. Photographed under sail, 1971. Charles W. Morgan was built in 1841 at the Hillman yard in New Bedford, Massachusetts and is the only surviving wooden whaling ship of an estimated 2,700 built in the American fleet. She served 80 years, made 37 voyages and produced 54,483 barrels of oil and 152,934 pounds of whalebone. She was moored at Mystic Seaport on 8 November 1941, restored between 2010 and 2013 and relaunched on 21 July 2013, the 172nd anniversary of her original launch, before making a 38th voyage in 2014.
266. 1971 - SYND 29/05/71 SAIL BARGES RACE AT SOUTHEND. Sailing barges race at Southend, filmed 29 May 1971. The Thames sailing barge is a spritsail-rigged flat-bottomed coastal freighter that raced commercially crewed long after steam had taken the trade. Barge matches on the Thames estuary continue as a preservation event.
267. 1972 - TRIBUTES: SIR FRANCIS CHICHESTER. Movietone's tribute to Francis Chichester, who died at Plymouth aged seventy, filmed 31 August 1972. He was born 17 September 1901 and died 26 August 1972. His west-to-east solo passage by the great capes remains the claim attached to his name.
268. 1972 - Tall Ships Race - In Colour. Forty-four training ships leave Cowes on 21 August 1972 for Skaw in Denmark, carrying some 1,500 cadets and trainees. The race was sponsored by the Sail Training Association, which founded the series in 1956 to put young people on square riggers. Movietone's colour coverage follows the fleet off the Isle of Wight.
269. 1972 - 8-72 The Beginning Of The Tall Ships Race. Square rigged ships set off from the Isle of Wight at the start of the 1972 Tall Ships Race on 16 August. The race was run by the Sail Training Association and took the fleet from Cowes to Skaw in Denmark. AP films the start line from close in.
270. 1972 - SPEED RECORD SAILING BOAT. A speed record sailing boat item from Movietone, around 1972. The World Sailing Speed Record Council was founded in 1972 at the first Weymouth Speed Week. The outright 500 m record now stands to Vestas Sailrocket 2, Paul Larsen, at 65.45 knots off Walvis Bay on 24 November 2012.
271. 1972 - SINGLE HANDED YACHT RACE. A single-handed yacht race item from Movietone, around 1972. The 1972 edition of the transatlantic race was won by Alain Colas. Four years later Colas sailed the 236 ft four-masted schooner Club Mediterranee single-handed in the same race.
272. 1972 - SYND 15-9-72 FINISH OF THE PLYMOUTH TO NEWPORT, TRANSATLANTIC YACHT RACE. The finish of the Plymouth to Newport transatlantic race, filmed 15 September 1972. The single-handed transatlantic race was conceived by Herbert "Blondie" Hasler in 1956 and first run in 1960 by the Royal Western Yacht Club. Chichester won that first edition in the 40 ft Gipsy Moth III in 40d 12h 30m.
273. 1973 - SYND08-09-73 START OF ROUND THE WORLD YACHT RACE. The start of the first Whitbread Round the World Race, filmed 8 September 1973. Ramon Carlin of Mexico won that edition in the Swan 65 Sayula II. The race became the Volvo Ocean Race in 2001 and The Ocean Race in 2019.
274. 1973 - London Dinghy Exhibition. The London Dinghy Exhibition of 29 March 1973 at Crystal Palace, with dinghy and catamaran classes on display and radio controlled model yachts sailed at the show. Crystal Palace National Sports Centre held the exhibition through the 1970s. Movietone films the hall rather than any racing.
275. 1974 - SYND 11-4-74 CHEY BLYTHE FINISHES ROUND THE WORLD YACHT RACE. Chay Blyth finishes his round the world voyage, filmed 11 April 1974. Blyth sailed British Steel westabout against the prevailing winds in 1970-71, a route almost nobody had attempted. He had begun the 1968 Golden Globe with no sailing experience and retired at East London that September.
276. 1974 - SYND 10-2-74 LEADERS OF THE ROUND THE WORLD YACHT RACE IN HARBOUR. Leaders of the first Whitbread Round the World Race in harbour, filmed 10 February 1974. The early Whitbread ran with mixed sizes of boat before one-design and box-rule classes arrived. The Whitbread 60 came in from 1993.
277. 1974 - Tall Ships Race. The Duke of Edinburgh takes the salute from the Royal Yacht Britannia at the Parade of Sail in the Solent on 12 August 1974, the climax of that year's Tall Ships Race. Ships from many countries gathered for the parade after the racing finished. Movietone films the fleet passing Britannia.
278. 1974 - Tall Ships Race. Six minutes of unnarrated colour material from the 1974 Tall Ships Race, much of it shot aboard the Italian ship Amerigo Vespucci, the largest in the fleet, including views from her crosstrees and of Britannia in the distance. Amerigo Vespucci was launched in 1931 and is still the Italian navy's sail training ship. The reel is cutting material rather than a finished story.
279. 1974 - Dinghy Exhibition. Movietone's silent shot list from the London Dinghy Exhibition of 1 April 1974 runs past a National 18, a Tornado catamaran and a Sailaway, then moves to a pool where radio controlled model yachts are sailed by their operators. The exhibition put full-size hulls and models in the same hall. Boats are shown as static displays rather than afloat.
280. 1974 - Concrete Yacht Launched. A schooner-rigged ocean racing yacht built of concrete, New Freedom, is launched on 23 September 1974, and the material makes the launch itself awkward. Ferrocement hulls had a following in the 1970s among builders who wanted an ocean boat without a shipyard. Movietone reports that she was intended for the 1975 round the world race.
281. 1974 - Cutty Sark. 1974 date and no commentary. Movietone holds the material as unedited shots.
282. 1974 - ROUND BRITAIN YACHT RACE - COLOUR. Yachts of many designs leave Plymouth for the start of the Round Britain Yacht Race on 15 July 1974, contending with an intermittent wind as they set course for Ireland. Plymouth was the start port for most British offshore racing of the period. Colour newsreel of a mixed offshore fleet.
283. 1974 - World Yachting Championships. AP's silent coverage of a world yachting championship on 27 July 1974. The record carries no class name or venue beyond the date. The footage is racing rather than sail training.
284. 1974 - SYND 18 9 74 US retains America's Cup.. The United States retains the America's Cup against an Australian challenger, filmed 18 September 1974. This was the first Cup match sailed in aluminium-hulled Twelve Metres. The defence run from 1870 reached twenty-four consecutive successful defences by 1980.
285. 1975 - Dinghy Exhibition. The Dinghy Exhibition of 30 March 1975 shows what is available to a beginner, and the radio controlled yacht is offered to the visitor who wants no water at all. Boat shows of this period were where a first dinghy was chosen, since the classes were sold as much on price as on performance. Movietone plays the contrast between sailor and landlubber for the commentary.
286. 1975 - Clipper Race. Tall ships from many countries gather on the Thames for the Port of London Clipper Regatta, and Edward Heath starts the London to Sydney race on 7 September 1975. Movietone reports the aim as beating the 69 day passage set by a clipper more than a century earlier. Heath was himself an ocean racing skipper who had won the Sydney Hobart in 1969.
287. 1975 - SYND 10 4 75 ATLANTIC ATTEMPT BY SMALLEST SAILING BOAT. An Atlantic attempt by what AP calls the smallest sailing boat, filmed 10 April 1975. Very small boat crossings were a recurring newsreel subject through the 1960s and 1970s. The risks scale sharply downward with waterline length.
288. 1975 - Pen Duick III, Spain 1975. The large dark hulled yacht is Pen Duick 3, it won the 1967 Sydney to Hobart. It had no motor & was sailed backwards into its pen. Éric Tabarly won the OSTAR in 1964 in the purpose built Pen Duick II and again in 1976 in Pen Duick VI. His family acquired the original gaff cutter Pen Duick in 1938 and he restored it, naming every successor after it.
289. 1975 - SYND 16 7 75 QUARTER TON WORLD CUP YACHT RACE. The Quarter Ton World Cup, filmed 16 July 1975. The Ton classes raced small offshore boats to a rating band rather than a single design, one of several handicap systems alongside IOR, IMS, IRC, ORC and PHRF. Level rating racing was at its height in the mid-1970s.
290. 1976 - Amerigo vespucci 1976 nyc aufgetakelt. A tall ship in New York Harbor: Amerigo Vespucci at the ship parade in the NYC harbor at the United States Bicentennial festivities. Amerigo Vespucci was built in 1930 at the naval shipyard at Castellammare di Stabia near Naples and launched on 22 February 1931: a full rigged ship of 82.4 metres on the hull, 101 metres overall including bowsprit, with three steel masts, 26 traditional canvas sails and roughly 2,635 square metres of sail area. She still trains Italian Naval Academy midshipmen, her complement rising to about 450 with cadets aboard, and from 2023 she made a world tour visiting 36 ports in 32 countries.
291. 1976 - Model Yachts. Movietone films the Model Yacht Association's centenary regatta on the Round Pond in Kensington Gardens on 15 August 1976. The association was founded a hundred years earlier, in 1876. Pond yachts are sailed by trimming the rig ashore and sending the boat across on one board, so the rig setting is the whole of the skill.
292. 1976 - Tall Ship Festival In Newport. Highlights from the tall ship festival at Newport, Rhode Island, on 2 July 1976. The gathering was part of Operation Sail, staged for the United States bicentennial, which brought square riggers from around the world to American ports that summer. The main Operation Sail parade ran up the Hudson on 4 July.
293. 1976 - Hokule'a arrives in Honolulu from Tahiti. The canoe reaches Honolulu in 1976 at the end of her first voyage to Tahiti and back. That passage was the point of building her: it demonstrated that the route between Hawaii and Tahiti could be sailed and navigated without instruments, and it began the revival of Pacific wayfinding.
294. 1976 - Crew member John Kruse shares memories of Hōkūleʻa's historic arrival into Papeete, Tahiti in 1976.. Crew member John Kruse recalls Hokulea's arrival at Papeete on 4 June 1976, when about 17,000 Tahitians came to meet the canoe. The reel carries 1976 footage of the landfall. That reception is what turned an experimental voyage into a regional movement.
295. 1977 - RR7736A YACHTING ROUND-THE-WORLD RACE. A fleet of fifteen yachts leaves England on the first leg of a round-the-world race, filmed 12 September 1977, facing eight months and 27,000 miles with stops at Cape Town, Auckland and Rio de Janeiro. This is the second Whitbread Round the World Race, begun in 1973 by the brewer with the Royal Naval Sailing Association. Conny van Rietschoten won it in Flyer and won again in 1981-82, the only skipper to take the race twice.
296. 1977 - National Geographic Special, The Voyage of the Hokule'a (1977). The 1977 National Geographic special on Hokulea's voyage to Tahiti. The canoe sailed from Honolulu on 1 May 1976 and reached Tahiti on 4 June, navigated by Mau Piailug without instruments. The voyage is the founding event of the Pacific voyaging revival.
297. 1977 - Kruzenshtern 1. «Крузенштерн» (Kruzenshtern) at Reykjavik. The photographic record of commercial sail is largely a record of ships alongside, because that is where cameras were. Alan Villiers is the reason the sea-going side exists at all: he went to sea at fifteen and spent decades aboard square riggers documenting their decline.
298. 1977 - SYND 30 8 77 AMERICAS CUP ELMINATION ROUND. America's Cup elimination racing filmed 30 August 1977 off Newport. Challenger and defender selection series each ran for weeks before the match itself. Twelve Metres under spinnaker on a downwind leg.
299. 1978 - Dinghy Exhibition. The London Dinghy Exhibition of 26 March 1978, with the small boats of the sailing world on show and a demonstration of skateboard sailing alongside them. The exhibition ran annually and was where classes were launched and buyers compared hulls under one roof. Movietone treats the skateboard as the novelty item.
300. 1978 - Maori canoes at the 1978 rowing championships. Canoes at the closing ceremony of the 1978 World Rowing Championships at Lake Karapiro, New Zealand, probably Taheretikitiki and Te Winika. Both were trucked to the lake from their home at Ngaruawahia.

…and 1,048 more moments.

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